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| | CDC - European Echinococcosis Registry: Human Alveolar Echinococcosis, Europe, 1982–2000 |
 | | She is responsible for the data collection of human cases of alveolar echinococcosis, data control, and analysis in the European Echinococcosis Registry. | | | Diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis is confirmed by 1) positive histopathology, if available and/or 2) typical liver lesion morphology identified by imaging techniques (ultrasound scan, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) with or without the detection of serum antibodies (serology). | | | Death was definitely associated with alveolar echinococcosis in 13 (10.9%) of the 119 cases; in 15 cases (12.6%) death was probably related to this disease. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/EID/vol9no3/02-0341.htm
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| | Alveolar Soft Parts Sarcoma |
| | APC and beta-catenin in alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS)--immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis. | | | Cytogenetic abnormalities of alveolar soft-part sarcomas using interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization: trisomy for chromosome 7 and monosomy for chromosomes 8 and 18 seem to be characteristic of the tumor. | | | Two of these cases had been previously studied at other institutions, where crystals were not identified ultrastructurally and electron microscopy was considered noncontributory. |
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http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/alveolarsoftparts.htm
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| | Tenser, said the Tensor: R-Sounds |
| | Since the phoneme inventories of the languages in UPSID were collected from printed sources with varying levels of detail, sometimes the features described in one language are less specific than in others. | | | This got me wondering what the most common r-sound is. As it happens, last year for a phonology project I imported the UPSID database (which I've mentioned before) into Access, so I can quickly write SQL queries on its contents: the phoneme inventories of 451 genetically diverse languages. | | | The alveolar/dental trill is the most common of these sounds, with 155 languages having at least one of them (there are no languages with more than one of them). |
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http://tenser.typepad.com/tenser_said_the_tensor/2004/08/rsounds.html
(427 words)
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| | Ejective consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A few languages utilise ejective fricatives: in some dialects of Hausa, the standard affricate [ts’] is a fricative [s’]; Ubykh (Northwest Caucasian) has an ejective lateral fricative; the Upper Necaxa dialect of the Totonac language has an ejective labiodental fricative; and Kabardian uses both of these in addition to ejective alveolopalatal and postalveolar fricatives. | | | In the languages where they are more obvious, ejectives are often described as sounding like "spat" consonants; but ejectives are often quite weak and, in some contexts, and in some languages, are easy to mistake for unaspirated plosives. | | | Ejective consonants are a class of consonants which may contrast with aspirated or tenuis consonants in a language. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejective_consonant
(508 words)
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| | Tenser, said the Tensor: R-Sounds |
| | Since the phoneme inventories of the languages in UPSID were collected from printed sources with varying levels of detail, sometimes the features described in one language are less specific than in others. | | | This got me wondering what the most common r-sound is. As it happens, last year for a phonology project I imported the UPSID database (which I've mentioned before) into Access, so I can quickly write SQL queries on its contents: the phoneme inventories of 451 genetically diverse languages. | | | The alveolar/dental trill is the most common of these sounds, with 155 languages having at least one of them (there are no languages with more than one of them). |
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http://tenser.typepad.com/tenser_said_the_tensor/2004/08/rsounds.html
(427 words)
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| | HLW: Word Forms: Processes (Printer-Friendly) |
| | But notice that the change from an alveolar to a dental consonant should not interfere seriously with comprehension because the resulting sounds are quite similar to the original ones and because English has no dental stop or dental nasal phonemes that could be confused with the sounds that result. | | | (I'm assuming the alveolar prounciation is the prototypical articulation for /t/ because it's the most common place of articulation for this consonant.) You would have to slide your tongue forward from the alveolar ridge to the upper teeth as you go from the /t/ to the dental fricative /∂/ in the. | | | The difference is not very great since there is still a contact at the alveolar ridge (as well as voicing), but the contact in the case of the tap is made by a quick gesture of the tongue tip and the contact is very brief. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/PhonProcess/pf.html
(21147 words)
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| | The International Phonetic Alphabet |
| | Dentals, alveolar and postalveolar consonants use the same symbols except for fricatives: if necessary, diacritics can be used to mark them apart; the standard version is alveolar (though in my opinion, the approximant used to mark the English ‘r’ (lowercase turned r, number 151) is distinctly postalveolar, even slightly retroflex). | | | alveolar nasal before a velar plosive; sometimes it replaces both segments in one: so it is often written ‘ng’. | | | Compared to the dental sound, the tongue is further back, and further raised: the blade of the tongue and the alveolar ridge form a narrow passage for the flow of air, in which turbulence is heard. |
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http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/linguistic/ipa
(7060 words)
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| | Consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | For example, in English, the sound [m] in "mud" is a consonant, but in "prism", it occupies an entire syllable, as a vowel would. | | | The following tables list all the consonants listed by the IPA. | | | Since the number of consonants in the world's languages is much greater than the number of consonant letters in most alphabets, linguists have devised systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to assign a unique symbol to each possible consonant. |
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http://www.lexington-fayette.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Consonant
(730 words)
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| | SpeechPathology.com: The Dynamics of Learning to Hear New Speech Sounds |
| | In the pre-training judged goodness task, all stimuli were judged to be acceptable members of the alveolar category (mean judged goodness ranging from 3.8 to 4.9 with the peak value occurring for stimulus 6 in the middle of the continuum). | | | No alveolar productions were used that were not judged to be acceptable exemplars by AE speakers, and no dental productions were included that were not judged acceptable by H speakers. | | | In previous work that reported differences in phonetic perceptual learning as a function of speaker (e.g., Lively, et al., 1994), the task was to distinguish between two non-native speech sounds in a training set that, understandably, only included speakers of the non-native language. |
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http://www.speechpathology.com/Articles/arc_disp.asp?id=50
(10026 words)
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| | eMedicine - Fractures, Mandibular, Alveolar : Article by William D Clark, MD, DDS |
| | No lab studies are required to evaluate a fracture of the alveolar process of the mandible. | | | For an isolated alveolar process fracture, nothing stronger than acetaminophen with codeine should be required. | | | One mode of stabilizing an alveolar segment is the use of an acid-etch wire composite splint. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic164.htm
(10026 words)
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| | EHP: Volume 97, 1992: Particle Clearance by Alveolar Macrophages |
| | In vitro dissolution of uranium oxide by baboon alveolar macrophages | | | Alveolar macrophage kinetics after inhalation of 239PuO2 by CBA/Ca mice: changes in synthesis of DNA | | | Role of alveolar macrophages in precipitation of mineral elements inhaled as soluble aerosols |
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http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1992/097/toc.html
(10026 words)
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| | Flap - Definition of Flap by Webster's Online Dictionary |
| | FLAP - A symbolic mathematics package for IBM 360. | | | The term is used, by extension, for unloading any magnetic tape. | | | Anything broad and limber that hangs loose, or that is attached by one side or end and is easily moved; as, the flap of a garment. |
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http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/flap
(506 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 7.859: interdental fricatives |
| | zdv.uni-tuebingen.de (Markus Hiller) there is another possible development of dental fricatives: since old germanic is usually analyzed as having had dental fricatives where english has them, this means that they developed to the alveolar(!) lenis plosives (unaspirated; voiced intervocalically) of modern german, e.g. | | | Examples of languages in which interdentals became alveolars include Burmese, Arabic, Breton, Hebrew, Akkadian, and Laconian (Ancient Greek) ; examples of the change in the opposite direction are Tahltan (Northern Athabaskan), (Galician) Spanish, and Gosiute Shoshoni. | | | one thing i am interested in myself is the following: articulatorically, an alveolar tap and an alveolar trill seem to be minimally distinct by the tap being [grooved] (also called [-distributed]), i.e. |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/7/7-859.html
(1397 words)
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| | Voiced Plosives |
| | The trouble starts where a voiceless plosive is not aspirated in an environment where we would expect it to be aspirated, or where voiced plosives have more aspiration than normal. | | | So, once you know the context, you should not have too much trouble distinguishing between the allophonically unaspirated voiceless plosives and the normally unaspirated voiced plosives, because voiceless plosives become unaspirated in predictable environments, environments in which the voiced plosives cannot occur. | | | Voiceless plosives become unaspirated in word-final position, due mainly to laziness, or possibly a shortage of breath! |
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http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/cse551html/cse551/node37.html
(822 words)
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| | The International Phonetic Alphabet |
| | Dentals, alveolar and postalveolar consonants use the same symbols except for fricatives: if necessary, diacritics can be used to mark them apart; the standard version is alveolar (though in my opinion, the approximant used to mark the English ‘r’ (lowercase turned r, number 151) is distinctly postalveolar, even slightly retroflex). | | | Present participles ending in ‘ng’ are pronounced with a plain velar nasal, as is (consequently) the word “singer”, whereas in the words “finger” or “English”, the ‘ng” combination is a velar nasal followed by a velar plosive. | | | An empty square means that the sound is (presumably) possible, but no symbol has been defined (because no language uses it, or because it is just as convenient to use diacritics over an existing symbol). |
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http://www.eleves.ens.fr:8080/home/madore/misc/linguistic/ipa
(822 words)
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| | The International Phonetic Alphabet |
| | Dentals, alveolar and postalveolar consonants use the same symbols except for fricatives: if necessary, diacritics can be used to mark them apart; the standard version is alveolar (though in my opinion, the approximant used to mark the English ‘r’ (lowercase turned r, number 151) is distinctly postalveolar, even slightly retroflex). | | | One sequence commonly found in many languages is the succession of a plosive by the corresponding fricative. | | | Present participles ending in ‘ng’ are pronounced with a plain velar nasal, as is (consequently) the word “singer”, whereas in the words “finger” or “English”, the ‘ng” combination is a velar nasal followed by a velar plosive. |
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http://www.eleves.ens.fr:8080/home/madore/misc/linguistic/ipa
(7060 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Alveolar lateral flap |
| | The alveolar ridge is the ridge on the roof of the mouth between the teeth and the hard palate. | | | Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. | | | The Archi language of the Dagestani family has a voiceless velar lateral fricative that is clearly a fricated, although further forward than velars in many languages, and might better be called pre-velar. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Alveolar-lateral-flap
(3194 words)
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| | UW CogNeuro Lab: People |
| | In the case of a suffix, as in this example, the final consonant of the root word is often the important thing. | | | The example doesn't allow a really elegant solution using just 3 articulatory features. | | | List the final consonants of each root word that takes a particular past-tense form, and then, for each root word, look up on the chart the 3 articulatory features associated with that consonant. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/losterho/xAnspract.htm
(289 words)
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| | Describing consonants |
| | In an alveolar consonant, the tongue tip (or less often the tongue blade) approaches or touches the alveolar ridge, the ridge immediately behind the upper teeth. | | | In a fricative consonant, the articulators involved in the constriction approach get close enough to each other to create a turbluent airstream. | | | Which consonant you're pronouncing depends on where in the vocal tract the constriction is and how narrow it is. It also depends on a few other things, such as whether the vocal folds are vibrating and whether air is flowing through the nose. |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/138/2001/artic/describing-consonants.html
(1375 words)
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| | [Vastavox] Re: Vastavox digest, Vol 1 #469 - 8 msgs |
| | I start the trill without touching the alveolar ridge, but you can also start it with a /t/ or /d/-like position. | | | The more back version might be a little easier to produce when just learning. | | | Chinese students sometimes learn trills by adding a /d/ at the beginning (there is a Chinese folk song that uses a /d/-initiated trill): drrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr..... |
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http://maillists.uci.edu/mailman/public/vastavox/2003-May/002217.html
(482 words)
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| | The International Phonetic Alphabet |
| | The lateral quality is not really a “place of articulation” and can be combined with other properties of the consonants: for example, [l] is a (laminal or apical) alveolar lateral approximant (which is further velarized in some cases in English). | | | An empty square means that the sound is (presumably) possible, but no symbol has been defined (because no language uses it, or because it is just as convenient to use diacritics over an existing symbol). | | | One sequence commonly found in many languages is the succession of a plosive by the corresponding fricative. |
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http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/linguistic/ipa
(482 words)
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| | SID A |
| | In English, for example, alveolar consonants are particularly susceptible targets for this kind of assimilation. | | | In terms of traditional place of articulation labels bilabial, labiodental, dental and alveolar are [+anterior], postalveolar, palatal, retroflex, velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal are [-anterior]. | | | An ambisyllabic consonant is one which is regarded as being simultaneously the final consonant in the coda of one syllable and the initial consonant of the onset of the following syllable. |
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http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/sid/sida.htm
(482 words)
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| | Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis |
| | Further, using anti-GM-CSF as an indicator of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis may avoid the use of more invasive means of evaluating patients with pulmonary disease characterized by alveolar infiltrates. | | | Proteomic analysis of human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: expression profiling of surfactant-associated protein A isomers derived from human pulmonary alveolar proteinosis using immunoaffinity detection. | | | Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is an idiopathic disease characterized by the accumulation of surfactant in the pulmonary airspaces. |
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http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/pulmonary_alveolar_proteinosis.htm
(482 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 5.806: Proposal for an ASCII version of IPA, v.2.13 revised |
| | 4)) General symbol for special phonological functions, such as r), which distinguishes the retroflex consonants from the alveolar series. | | | This operator may optionally be placed *before* the operand, in keeping with usual practice among computer users. | | | The following tables follow the arrangement of the chart published in the Journal of the IPA for ease of reference. |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/5/5-806.html
(1757 words)
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| | Key Characteristics of Chinese Languages |
| | Three consonants -- /n/, /N/, and /?/ -- occur in syllable-final position. | | | Consonant Phonemes: Possibly as many as 36 syllable-initial consonants. | | | Only two consonants, /n/ and /N/, occur in syllable-final position. |
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http://www.cc.jyu.fi/%7Etojan/rlang/chi2.htm
(1757 words)
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| | Phonetics and Phonology |
| | The aspirated stops and the voiceless alveolar trill don't actually belong in this table as they are combinations of existing consonant symbols plus diacritics. | | | The post-alveolar consonants use the blade of the tongue ("lamino-") whilst the palatal consonants use the front of the tongue. | | | For a key to the place-of-articulation abbreviations, see the table immediately below this table. |
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http://www.ling.mq.edu.au/units/ling210-901/transcription/ipa/ipa_consonant.html
(1757 words)
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| | Implosive consonant |
| | Imploded affricates occur in Kung-Ekoka and Hendo (a Bantu language). | | | In the International Phonetic Alphabet, implosives are indicated by writing a plosive consonant with a hook top. | | | Implosives are commonplace among the Sub-Saharan African languages, are widespread in Southeast Asia, and are found in a few languages of the Amazon Basin. |
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http://www.firebird.cn/wiki/Implosive_consonant
(556 words)
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