|
| |
| | Sample Chapter -- Cognitive Dissonance |
 | | Holding the number and importance of consonant cognitions constant, as the number or importance of dissonant cognitions increases, the magnitude of dissonance increases. | | | Holding the number and importance of dissonant cognitions constant, as the number or importance of consonant cognitions increases, the magnitude of dissonance decreases. | | | The magnitude of dissonance between one cognitive element and the remainder of the person's cognitions depends on the number and importance of cognitions that are consonant and dissonant with the one in question. |
|
http://www.apa.org/books/4318830s.html
(5504 words)
|
|
| |
| | introduction to indic scripts |
| | Where consonants appear together without intervening vowels special steps need to be taken to indicate that the inherent vowels have disappeared. | | | Consonant clusters are invariably indicated in a sequence of Unicode characters by the presence of a VIRAMA character, whether or not the glyph for the virama will be visible on display. | | | Similarly, the symbol for the consonant RA may be rendered as a diacritic at the far right of a syllable involving a consonant cluster that it logically begins. |
|
http://people.w3.org/rishida/scripts/indic-overview
(6218 words)
|
|
| |
| | Acoustic consonant reduction |
| | The latter could result in, for example, palatalization of fricatives and plosives (Byrd, 1994), or a lack of distinction between alveolar and labio-dental consonants due to incomplete or inappropriate closure. | | | The former would result in blurring the borders between, for example, vowel-like consonants and vowels, or fricatives and plosives. | | | For the consonant sonorants, the center of gravity is dominated by the damping of the higher frequencies due to their closed articulation. |
|
http://fonsg3.let.uva.nl/Proceedings/Proceedings_19/ConsonantRed_RvS/Consonantreduction.html
(3275 words)
|
|
| |
| | Consonant cluster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Consonants cannot appear as syllable nuclei in Georgian, so this syllable is analysed as CCCCCCCCVC. | | | Standard Arabic does not permit initial consonant clusters, or more than two consecutive consonants in other positions. | | | Consonant clusters occurring in loanwords do not necessarily follow the cluster limits set by the borrowing language's phonotactics. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_cluster
(540 words)
|
|
| |
| | Consonant Blends and Digraphs |
| | Students are presented with a selection of beginning consonant sounds which they then combine with a common word ending to create a variety of words. | | | Consonant Blends and Digraphs is the fourth title in the Tenth Planet Literacy Series. | | | The Word Families activity was a little bit boring - while the child can create new words using the common word ending and the palette of consonant sounds, there wasn't any challenge because all of the provided consonant sounds or blends matched with the word ending to create proper words. |
|
http://www.connsensebulletin.com/cb2csr.html
(1005 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kanji Consonant Networks and Word Families. Etymology of Japanese kanji, Chinese characters used in Japan, arranged according to word families in Chinese. |
| | @Knowing how the full range of initials and final consonants operate in proto-Chinese (the earliest form of the language) allows us to take the first tentative steps at a fully comprehensive morphology for this important ancient language. | | | Howell then went on to apply the same principles to an examination of the final consonants in Chinese, and in January 2005 announced that these too function semantically: | | | @As a result of applying phonosemantic principles to the earliest reconstructed sounds of ancient Chinese, independent researchers Lawrence J. Howell and Hikaru Morimoto proposed in 2003 that the initial consonants function semantically. |
|
http://www.kotoba-project.com/kanjiintro.html
(605 words)
|
|
| |
| | TRINPsite: Book of Symbols: The Choice of Vowel(s) and Consonant(s) |
| | The consonant we are looking for has, just like the vowel, to be 'universal' in that it exists in all languages (or in as many languages as possible) and in that it can appear at any place in the morphemes of those languages. | | | The velar nasal ng is not a 'neutral' consonant in that it can solely appear at the end of a yun --it cannot appear at the beginning of a syllable in the present language either (and the r does not appear in other yuns than er). | | | If one takes the difference between compactness and diffuseness on the grounds of which the centrality of the ä can phonetically be demonstrated, one will find that the k may be considered a central letter too among consonants and on the same grounds. |
|
http://www.trinp.org/MNI/BoS/2/3/2.HTM
(605 words)
|
|
| |
| | Proposal for addition of CONSONANT BASE MARKER |
| | The CBM is to be used to mark the base consonant in a consonant cluster to remove ambiguities of the cluster's semantics in cases where a ZWJ or ZWNJ cannot suffice. | | | The Consonant Base Marker (CBM) is being proposed so as to remove current ambiguities of a grapheme cluster's semantics. | | | Below base consonant: The form in which consonants appear below the base glyph |
|
http://www.exnet.btinternet.co.uk/uniprop/proposalform.htm
(1748 words)
|
|
| |
| | Fricative consonant |
| | Articulatory complexity, ambient frequency, and functional load as predictors of consonant development in children. | | | Ubykh may be the language with the most fricatives, with 26. | | | Fricative consonants are produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together (e.g. |
|
http://hallencyclopedia.com/Fricative_consonant
(450 words)
|
|
| |
| | Sanskrit 5: Consonant Sandhi -Part 1- |
| | We will start learning Consonant Sandhi (Combination of a final consonant with an initial consonant or vowel) here. | | | the first consonant of its respective class + a hard consonant (this is mainly a complement to the 2nd sub-rule of the second rule of Consonant Sandhi) | | | Any consonant --except Nasals, Semivowels and Sibilants-- is changed to the first of its class, when followed by a hard consonant (this is "mainly" a kind of complement to the 2nd sub-rule of the second rule of Consonant Sandhi; go to the 4th rule for more specific information about changes in Sibilants). |
|
http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sansk5conssan.html
(3258 words)
|
|
| |
| | TARA Labs Consonant Alloy |
| | In the development of Consonant Alloy, I sought to increase conductivity even further by examining the use of different materials and, just as important, more sophisticated annealing processes. | | | Because of the homogenous crystal structure of Consonant Alloy, fewer such breaks occur than in even the purest form of copper. | | | Consonant Alloy is a proprietary blend of elements chosen for their conductive strengths and compatibility. |
|
http://www.sonic.net/soundscape/papers/consal.html
(609 words)
|
|
| |
| | Stanford Linguistics Colloquium |
| | Restrictions on consonant harmony are usually accounted for in terms of transparency of intervening vowels to the consonant feature being spread: If the vowel is specified for the feature, spreading is blocked; if it is not specified, spreading is possible. | | | The possibility of consonant harmony in a given feature then depends on compatibility of the feature with intervening vowels, not on transparency. | | | Shaw 1991 argues that consonant harmony in labial and dorsal features is impossible because vowels are generally specified for these features. |
|
http://www-linguistics.stanford.edu/colloq/1996/1996jan19.html
(407 words)
|
|
| |
| | Teacher Discussion Forums :: View topic - consonant clusters |
| | That simplified definition put forth, I don't see how "y" could be part of a consonant cluster since before a consonant it would perform as a vowel and thus would not be part of that cluster. | | | In any case, I hadn't thought of those examples probably because I don't see "y" as a consonant and thus couldn't be part of a consonant cluster. | | | Consonants: sounds that have a moving articulation (plosives, fricatives) or static (obstructed continuants). |
|
http://www.eslcafe.com/forums/teacher/viewtopic.php?t=1659
(1828 words)
|
|
| |
| | Finnish phonology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Consonants in unstressed positions are usually elided, but depending on dialect, meaning-distinguishing consonants may be left in place. | | | In older borrowings, initial consonant clusters have been simplified. | | | The consonant preceding the inflection of a word (either noun or verb) is subject to consonant gradation. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language_phonetics
(1828 words)
|
|
| |
| | US06870528-20050322.html |
| | input of the half-voiced consonant is conducted by operations of the input key of the alphabetic letter indicative of said un-voiced consonant, the input key assigned to the function of bringing into a half-voiced consonant, and the input key of the alphabetic letter indicative of said vowel. | | | input of the voiced consonant is conducted by operations of the input key of the alphabetic letter indicative of said un-voiced consonant, the input key assigned to said function of bringing into a voiced consonant, and the input key of the alphabetic letter indicative of said vowel; and | | | other one of the nine (9) input keys indicative of said un-voiced consonants than the input key, to which is assigned the function of bringing into a voiced consonant, is assigned to an input key having a function of bringing into a half-voiced consonant; |
|
http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/patog/week12/OG/html/1292-4/US06870528-20050322.html
(307 words)
|
|
| |
| | E. Russell Webb: Voice alternation as passive lenition: R in French |
| | Voice alternation is more complex, as syllabic position would appear to be less important for output generation than are linear adjacency and clustering. | | | Applied principally to word-final and syllable-final consonant devoicing, Lombardi (1994, 1995a and b, 1998, 1999, 2001) uses geometric representations and proposes a laryngeal feature (LAR), dominated by the root node, in her explanation of patterns of voice neutralization and assimilation. | | | This is meant to reflect the phonetic properties of voiced and voiceless sounds; during pulmonic egression, voicelessness is maintained by a wide or spread glottis, a gestural effort impeding the vibration of vocal folds. |
|
http://www.linguistik-online.com/18_04/russellWebb.html
(7321 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Shwah Language: Sounds and Script |
| | The two systems can be mixed with no ambiguity, for example using the diacritic consonants with the digraph vowels. | | | There are no consonants at the end of Shwah syllables, and no clusters with three or more consonants like in English sprue, strew, or screw. | | | In contrast, consonants are sounds made primarily by constricting the passage of air, either entirely or mostly, and consequently they can be classified more precisely by the manner of articulation as the airflow is restricted. |
|
http://www.shwah.net/shwah1.htm
(7321 words)
|
|
| |
| | American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology: Normal acquisition of consonant clusters |
| | Consideration of the information on consonant cluster development revealed 10 aspects of normal development that can be used in speech-- language pathologists' assessment and analysis of children's speech. | | | Knowing about consonant clusters and their development is important for speech-language pathology practice because it can help to determine whether children's speech development is progressing normally and can assist in selecting targets for intervention. | | | Consonant clusters are frequently identified as targets for speechlanguage pathology intervention (Elbert & Gierut, 1986; Hodson & Paden, 1981; Shriberg & Kwiatkowski, 1980). |
|
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3856/is_200105/ai_n8937877
(7321 words)
|
|
| |
| | Variations in Velic and Lingual Articulation |
| | Manuel [1991] suggested that the reduction of velopharyngeal opening (therefore nasal flow) for nasal consonants in word initial positions contributes to the reduction of the sonority of the consonant. | | | For this speaker, the amount of nasal flow in [n] is affected by the Prosodic Position of the consonant. | | | Prosodic effects are examined for both lingual and nasal articulations for the nasal consonant (in 2 separate experiments), in order to evaluate whether prosodic conditioning of articulation may be a general phenomenon in speech or is restricted to some articulatory subsystem. |
|
http://www.essex.ac.uk/web-sls/papers/96-02/96-02.html
(7321 words)
|
|
| |
| | roa-234-beckman-3.doc |
| | I begin with an overview of the consonant and vowel inventories of the language, and then turn to an analysis of the positional neutralization and positionally-determined allophony in the vowel system in ¤2.4.3. | | | The first consonant in each of the complex codas is a coronal sonorant which is not homorganic to the following coda obstruent. | | | Coda consonants assimilate to the place of a following onset consonant because *Place È Ident(Place); reduction of output place specifications is more harmonic than complete faithfulness to input values. |
|
http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/234-1297/roa-234-beckman-3.doc
(7321 words)
|
|
| |
| | Untitled |
| | consonants are generally learnt first in syllable-initial position, then inter-syllabic or word-medial position, and lastly in syllable-final position. | | | In syllable-final position the distinctions between /p,t,k/ and /b,d,g/ are primarily dependent in the adult language on differences in the length of preceding vowels and continuant consonants, which are shorter before all fortis consonants including /p,t,k/, e.g. | | | Vowels are by their nature not as 'discrete' as consonants and it is often difficult to determine whether a contrast is present or not; in addition the attainment of the vowel system is often complete by the age of 3;0 if not earlier and is therefore learnt at a very rapid rate. |
|
http://lings.ln.man.ac.uk/info/staff/AC/LanguageinInfancyHTML/2Phonology.html
(7321 words)
|
|
| |
| | Words in Mawu |
| | Furthermore, it readily spreads to influence the initial consonant of a following syllable, in a systematic pattern according to which voiceless consonants become voiced; voiced stops and fricatives become prenasalized (that is, they acquire a short nasal segment at their beginning); and glides, liquids and implosives all become the corresponding nasal consonants. | | | CVN (where N is a nasal consonant of some sort) is almost as simple and natural a syllable structure as CV, and it is quite common for languages to allow only a such a nasal as a syllable-final element. | | | Thus a consonant whose place of articulation is alveolar--that is, whose constriction is made with the tip or blade of the tongue pressing against the alveolar ridge, just behind the top front teeth--can be of six different kinds, according to how the constriction is made, and what is happening elsewhere in the vocal tract. |
|
http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_1998/ling001/mawu/node2.html
(7321 words)
|
|
| |
| | Sona - 2 |
| | Its word-forming capacity is almost unlimited and its euphony assured by the even distribution of consonants and vowels, helped in rare cases by the non-radical vowel y (ataya for ataa) (Euphony §8). | | | Final consonants, as at, ast, ant, abl, are not easy for some, nor are initial consonant groups, such as st, str, skl, bhru. | | | The class see the word as an entity, never broken or changed (unless of course he cut the card!): that is important. |
|
http://www.rick.harrison.net/langlab/sona2.html
(2044 words)
|
|
| |
| | Taiwanese (linguistics) Information - TextSheet.com |
| | Incidentally, both of these example syllables are nasal: the first has a nasal initial consonant; the second a nasal vowel. | | | Syllables contain an initial consonant, a vowel, and a final consonant; each of these may be nasal. | | | However, it is possible to have a nasal 4th or 8th tone syllable such as siaⁿh, as long as there is no final consonant other than h. |
|
http://www.medbuster.com/encyclopedia/t/ta/taiwanese__linguistics_.html
(2044 words)
|
|
| |
| | Consonants in the Earth Language Phonetic System |
| | The consonant tables show many examples of EL consonant symbols. | | | For the total relations and more examples, see the consonant table. | | | A consonant basis is compounded with not only an additional symbol/diacritic, but also with another consonant; sometimes even with a vowel, as long as the articulations are needed at one time for the sound. |
|
http://www.earthlanguage.org/english/phone/conson.htm
(2044 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Tower of Babel |
| | Nakh languages are distinguished from other East-Caucasian languages by a multitude of consonant combinations as well as by an extremely specific feature: the possibility of consonant clusters in initial position. | | | Characteristic features of the PN system (compared to other North-Caucasian languages) are a lack of labialized consonants (see above on their development); defectivity of the lateral series; the opposition of velar and palatalized velar (palatal) consonants. | | | Labialized front consonants (except the comparatively stable hushing series) in Andian languages are in general very unstable and easily subject to delabialization (in many words with original labialization this process has already come to pass on the PA level). |
|
http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/pref4.htm
(2044 words)
|
|
| |
| | Fidel Input for Ethiopic Mule |
| | About Consonants In quail-mode with the Ethipic package, you can input Ethiopic characters from the alphabetic region of the keyboard. | | | A table of the first form consonants from the extended Fidel is given in the table below. | | | Extended forms (8-12) of the `w' series are provided to model the labiovelar sounds with a base consonant when a unique labiovelar glyph is not available for the consonant. |
|
http://www.abyssiniacybergateway.net/mule/input.html
(44 words)
|
|
| |
| | Proto-Indo-European Phonology |
| | Voiced stops occurred in somewhat more restricted environments than voiceless stops: they did not normally occur before other stops or fricatives (except across morpheme boundaries, where they may have developed by forward assimilation to another voiced consonant). | | | Different linguists have developed different sets of "laryngeals", while some have stuck to algebraic formulations, claiming that it is not possible to reconstruct the exact nature of these consonants. | | | Some examples, next to the different possible consonants: |
|
http://www.tundria.com/Linguistics/pie-phonology.shtml
(816 words)
|
|
| |
| | Lojban Reference Grammar: Chapter 3 |
| | In Lojban, as much as possible, the sound of a consonant is unrelated to its position. | | | Many languages do not have consonant clusters at all, and even those languages that do have them often allow only a subset of the full Lojban set. | | | Consonants may occur at the beginning or end of a syllable, around the vowel, and there may be several consonants in a cluster in either position. |
|
http://www.lojban.org/files/reference-grammar/chap3.html
(6284 words)
|
|
|
