Cryptographic hash function<

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Joel on Software - optimized <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions

<bb>>Hashb>bb>> functions that are described as <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> are generally the ones which are hard to invert in this sense (amongst other desirable properties).
A <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function is designed in such a way that the correlations between any of the bits is kept down to an absolute minimum that can't be used for an attack.
A <bb>>hashb>bb>> function maps all possible inputs to a limited output.

http://discuss.joelonsoftware.com/?joel.3.135825.23 (2749 words)



Tiger (<bb>>hashb>bb>>) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In cryptography, Tiger is a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function designed by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham in 1996 with a view for efficiency on 64-bit platforms.
Tiger — A Fast New <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Function, by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham, proceedings of Fast Software Encryption 3, Cambridge, 1996.
Therfore in the example below the 192-bit (24-byte) Tiger hashes are represented as 48-digit hexadecimal numbers in big endian byte order.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_(hash) (351 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> Algorithms

<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions are used in various contexts, for example to compute the message digest when making a digital signature.
A <bb>>hashb>bb>> function compresses the bits of a message to a fixed-size <bb>>hashb>bb>> value in a way that distributes the possible messages evenly among the possible <bb>>hashb>bb>> values.
A <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function does this in a way that makes it extremely difficult to come up with a message that would <bb>>hashb>bb>> to a particular <bb>>hashb>bb>> value.

http://www.crazylinux.net/mirrors/www.ssh.fi/algorithms.htm (6453 words)



<bb>>hashb>bb>> function - OneLook Dictionary Search

Phrases that include <bb>>hashb>bb>> function: one-way <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, one way <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, perfect <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, tiger <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, more...
Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "<bb>>hashb>bb>> function" is defined.
<bb>>hashb>bb>> function : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info]

http://www.onelook.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=hash+function (140 words)



so-much-for-md5

The problem is that MD5 and SHA-1 are _the_ <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions.
A <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function must be considered broken if <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>) does no longer hold, even if the attack is very expensive, as long as it is feasible.
The point about a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function ("message digest") is that a) it is impossible (read: computationally infeasible) to generate a message whose digest matches a given digest.

http://www.crackmonkey.org/~nick/mail/so-much-for-md5 (968 words)



<bb>>Hashb>bb>> Functions

"<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions: a survey" by S. Bakhtiari, R. Safavi-Naini, J. Pieprzyk, 1995
A Parallelizable Design Principle for <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Functions
<bb>>Hashb>bb>> Functions Based on Block Ciphers and Quaternary Codes

http://www.cs.ut.ee/~helger/crypto/link/hash (243 words)



search.php?m=exact&w=k&q=samhain

It is easy to configure, maintains a single database (per host) for storing signatures of files, and uses a fast 192-bit <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function (TIGER) to generate such signatures.
Samhain allows you to monitor the integrity of your files, whether on a single machine or on a network.

http://www.icewalkers.com/search.php?m=exact&w=k&q=samhain (87 words)



Science Math Applications Communication Theory Cryptography Algorithms Message Digests

RIPEMD-160 <bb>>hashb>bb>> function - A 160-bit <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function designed as a secure replacement MD4, MD5, and RIPEMD.
Tiger: A Fast New <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Function - Optimized for 64-bit processors and produces 128, 160, or 192-bit hashes.
Whirlpool Hashing Function - A 512-bit hashing function, submitted to NESSIE and selected as finalist.

http://www.iper1.com/iper1-odp/scat/id/Science/Math/Applications/Communication_Theory/Cryptography/Algorithms/Message_Digests (166 words)



README-<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>

# IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) - a 128 bit key # RC4 - used to be a trade secret # SAFER # Ciphers based on a <bb>>hashb>bb>> function # Enigma # Vigenere 3.
<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Functions - MD5 (Message Digest Algorithm 5) - MD2, MD4 - SHA (Secure <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Algorithm) - Tiger - RIPEMD-160 : most recent <bb>>hashb>bb>> function -
Block Cipher Modes - block ciphers means that they take a fixed-size block of data(usually 64 bits), an transform it to another 64bit block using a fuction selected by the key.

http://www.cs.uml.edu/~byoo/www_bjryu/IW/README-Cryptographic (783 words)



<bb>>Hashb>bb>> function - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<bb>>Hashb>bb>> functions that are truly random with uniform output (including most <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions) yield good performance because, on average, only one or two probes will be needed (depending on the load factor).
This property is a consequence of <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions being deterministic, mathematical functions, but the equality of two <bb>>hashb>bb>> values does not guarantee the two inputs were the same unless the function is one-to-one.
A <bb>>hashb>bb>> function or <bb>>hashb>bb>> algorithm is a function for summarizing or probabilistically identifying data.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function (1292 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In cryptography, a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function is a <bb>>hashb>bb>> function with certain additional security properties to make it suitable for use as a primitive in various information security applications, such as authentication and message integrity.
The SHA <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions are a series of functions developed by the NSA: SHA, also known as SHA-0, SHA-1 and four flavours of a function known as SHA-2.
An ideal <bb>>hashb>bb>> function would be maximally "boring": it would have no interesting properties such as length extension, and the only interesting way it would differ from a random function would be in that it was deterministic and efficiently computable.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function (1460 words)



AspEncrypt.com - Crypto 101: One-way <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Function

A one-way <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, also known as a message digest, fingerprint or compression function, is a mathematical function which takes a variable-length input string and converts it into a fixed-length binary sequence.
Since it is computationally infeasible to produce a document that would <bb>>hashb>bb>> to a given value or find two documents that <bb>>hashb>bb>> to the same value, a document's <bb>>hashb>bb>> can serve as a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> equivalent of the document.
This makes a one-way <bb>>hashb>bb>> function a central notion in public-key cryptography.

http://www.aspencrypt.com/crypto101_hash.html (307 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function: Information From Answers.com

In cryptography, a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function is a <bb>>hashb>bb>> function with certain additional security properties to make it suitable for use as a primitive in various information security applications, such as authentication and message integrity.
An ideal <bb>>hashb>bb>> function would be maximally "boring": it would have no interesting properties such as length extension, and the only interesting way it would differ from a random function would be in that it was deterministic and efficiently computable.
The SHA <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions are a series of functions developed by the NSA: SHA, also known as SHA-0, SHA-1 and four flavours of a function known as SHA-2.

http://www.answers.com/topic/cryptographic-hash-function (307 words)



<<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>Cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Broadly speaking, a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function should behave as much as possible like a random function while still being deterministic and efficiently computable.
In cryptography, a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function is a <bb>>hashb>bb>> function with certain additional security properties to make it suitable for use as a primitive in various information security applications, such as authentication and message integrity.
The SHA <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions are a series of functions developed by the NSA: SHA, also known as SHA-0, SHA-1 and four flavours of a function known as SHA-2.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function (1457 words)



rfc2104.txt

Definition of HMAC The definition of HMAC requires a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, which we denote by H, and a secret key K. We assume H to be a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function where data is hashed by iterating a basic compression function on blocks of data.
In particular, <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions that perform well in software, and for which code is freely and widely available.
In particular, it uses the function H with the pre-defined initial value IV (a fixed value specified by each iterative <bb>>hashb>bb>> function to initialize its compression function).

http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2104.txt (2246 words)



<bb>>hashb>bb>> function - OneLook Dictionary Search

Phrases that include <bb>>hashb>bb>> function: one-way <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, one way <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, perfect <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, tiger <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, more...
Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "<bb>>hashb>bb>> function" is defined.
<bb>>hashb>bb>> function : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info]

http://www.onelook.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=hash+function (140 words)



<bb>>Hashb>bb>> function - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<bb>>Hashb>bb>> functions that are truly random with uniform output (including most <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions) yield good performance because, on average, only one or two probes will be needed (depending on the load factor).
Typical <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions have an infinite domain, such as byte strings of arbitrary length, and a finite range, such as bit sequences of some fixed length.
The generally impossible/impractical ideal for a <bb>>hashb>bb>> table's <bb>>hashb>bb>> function is to map each key to a unique index (see perfect hashing), because this guarantees access to each data record in the first probe into the table.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function (1193 words)



Patent 6055314: System and method for secure purchase and delivery of video content programs

One appropriate <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> function to perform this secondary expansion is an algorithm known as "WAKE." The random set of bits has a size of 256 K bytes.
One suitable cryptography function to expand the packet key is a repeated use of an algorithm known as "Safer K 64." The expanded key Ex(K.sub.i) has an example size of approximately 1 K-10 K bytes.
The method as recited in claim 57, wherein the first <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> expansion function is a function of two keys, and further comprising destroying one of the keys after using the first <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> function so that one of the keys never leaves the integrated circuit card.

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6055314.html (1193 words)



hmac.html

Our schemes, NMAC and HMAC, are proven to be secure as long as the underlying <bb>>hashb>bb>> function has some reasonable <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> strengths.
Moreover they use the <bb>>hashb>bb>> function (or its compression function) as a black box, so that widely available library code or hardware can be used to implement them in a simple way, and replaceability of the underlying <bb>>hashb>bb>> function is easily supported.
HMAC is a <bb>>hashb>bb>> function based message authentication code that was designed to meet the requierments of the IPSEC working group in the IETF, and is now a standard.

http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/mihir/papers/hmac.html (483 words)



N-<bb>>Hashb>bb>> - Wikipedia

In cryptography, N-<bb>>Hashb>bb>> is a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function based on the FEAL round function, and is now considered insecure.
A message is divided into 128-bit blocks, and each block is combined with the <bb>>hashb>bb>> value computed so far using the g compression function.
Miyaguchi, K. Ohta, and M. Iwata: "128-bit <bb>>hashb>bb>> function (N-<bb>>hashb>bb>>)", NTT Review, 2(6), November 1990, pp128–132.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Hash (483 words)



SHA-1

SHA-1 ( Secure <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Algorithm) is a message digest algorithm (and <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function) designed by the National Security Agency (NSA) and published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
These new <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions have not received as much scrutiny by the public <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> community as SHA-1 has, and so their <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> security is not yet as assured.
SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 are the required secure <bb>>hashb>bb>> algorithms for use in U.S. Federal applications, including use by other <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> algorithms and protocols, for the protection of sensitive unclassified information.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/sha_1 (483 words)



<bb>>HASHb>bb>> Functions

RIPMD-160 a 160-bit message digest algorithm (and <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function) developed in Europe by Hans Dobbertin, Antoon Bosselaers and Bart Preneel, and first published in 1996.
<bb>>Hashb>bb>> algorithms take a long string (or message) of any length as input and produce a fixed length string as output; not all such are suitable for use in cryptography.
<bb>>Hashb>bb>> - a special form of encryption often used for passwords, that uses a one-way algorithm that when provided with a variable length unique input (message) will always provide a unique fixed length unique output called <bb>>hashb>bb>>, or message digest.

http://www.infocellar.com/networks/Security/hash.htm (483 words)



SHA iButton Secrets and Challenges - Maxim/Dallas

The output of the SHA function is essentially pseudo-random to an observer who does not know the input to the function.
In Dallas SHA iButton and IC devices, the result of the SHA function is a 20-byte long MAC.
Because the SHA function cannot be reversed, the secret always remains secure inside the device.

http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm?an_pk=152 (3004 words)



Tiger: A Fast New <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Function - Anderson, Biham (ResearchIndex)

Abstract: Among those <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function which are not based on block ciphers, MD4 and Snefru seemed initially quite attractive for applications requiring fast software hashing.
Anderson, E. Biham, "Tiger: a fast new <bb>>hashb>bb>> function," Fast Software Encryption, LNCS 1039, D. Gollmann, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp.
@inproceedings{ anderson96tiger, author = "Anderson and Biham", title = "Tiger: {A} Fast New <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Function", booktitle = "{IWFSE}: International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption, {LNCS}", year = "1996", url = "citeseer.csail.mit.edu/anderson96tiger.html" }

http://citeseer.lcs.mit.edu/anderson96tiger.html (430 words)



The RIPEMD-160 page

Preneel, A. Bosselaers, H. Dobbertin, ``The <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function RIPEMD-160,'' CryptoBytes, Vol.
The OAEP (Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding) encoding method is parametrized by the choice of the <bb>>hashb>bb>> function and mask generation function.
A full description and reference C software for the RIPEMD-160 and RIPEMD-128 <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions are available: ps, pdf.

http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/~bosselae/ripemd160.html (1704 words)



<bb>>Hashb>bb>> Functions Based on Block Ciphers and Quaternary Codes - Knudsen, Preneel (ResearchIndex)

We consider constructions for <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions based on m-bit block ciphers.
in ISO IEC 10118 2 [1] This is due to fatal design flaw that leaves the <bb>>hashb>bb>> function susceptible to the solving one half attacks described in [2] For recent work on how best to design a <bb>>hashb>bb>> function using a block cipher see
This attack breaks the last remaining subclass in a wide class of efficient <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions which have been proposed in the literature.

http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/knudsen96hash.html (1704 words)



MD5 - Enpsychlopedia

In cryptography, MD5 (Message-Digest algorithm 5) is a widely-used <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function with a 128-bit <bb>>hashb>bb>> value.
MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, MD4.
The 128-bit (16-byte) MD5 hashes (also termed message digests) are typically represented as 32-digit hexadecimal numbers.

http://www.grohol.com/psypsych/wiki/MD5 (1704 words)



Available checksum functions

For computing checksums of files, and also for some other purposes, samhain uses the TIGER <bb>>hashb>bb>> function developed by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham.
A <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function is a one-way function
As of version 1.2.10, also the MD5 and SHA-1 <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions are available.

http://la-samhna.de/samhain/manual/hash-function.html (115 words)



md5deep

Tiger is a fast new <bb>>hashb>bb>> function, designed to be very fast on modern computers, and in particular on the state-of-the-art 64-bit computers.
Whirlpool is a <bb>>hashb>bb>> function designed by Vincent Rijmen and Paulo S. Barreto that operates on messages less than 2
Hashes sets can be drawn from the National Software Reference Library, iLook Investigator, Hashkeeper, or md5sum, and other generic <bb>>hashb>bb>> generating programs.

http://md5deep.sourceforge.net (115 words)



SHACAL-1 Definition / SHACAL-1 Research

[click for more] SHA-1 The SHA (Secure <bb>>Hashb>bb>> Algorithm) family is a set of related <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> functions designed by the National Security Agency (NSA) and published by the US government agency National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
SHACAL is a 160-bit block cipher based on the <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function In cryptography, a <<<bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>cryptographicb>bb>>bb>bb>>>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>> <bb>>hashb>bb>> function is a <bb>>hashb>bb>> function with certain additional security properties to make it suitable for use as a primitive in various information security applications, such as authentication and message integrity.
The first member of the family, published in 1993, is officially named SHA.

http://www.elresearch.com/SHACAL-1 (115 words)

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Topic: <b>Cryptographic</b> <b>hash</b> <b>function<

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