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| | LINGUIST List 15.1586: English 'Booting'; Hiatus Resolution |
 | | In some forms in which a glottal consonant intervenes between the two vowels underlyingly, the result is the deletion of the glottal stop and epenthesis of a glide: (3) Input Output Gloss a. | | | I'm currently working on vowel-vowel interactions across glottals, and have found an interesting pattern in some languages in which hiatus resolution-like patterns occur despite the presence of a glottal stop. | | | I'd appreciate any additional information or references you might have regarding similar patterns cross-linguistically. |
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http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/linguist/issues/15/15-1586.html
(461 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 15.2027: Hiatus Resolution Across Glottals |
| | Dear Linguists, On 5/18, I submitted a query to Linguist List (Linguist 15.1586) regarding the interaction of vowels across glottals, particularly the tendency of some languages to exhibit hiatus resolution-like patterns across glottals. | | | Other issues discussed included the difficulty of distinguishing glottal stop from creaky phonation, because the former is not characterized by immediate cessation of the vocal folds. | | | If it is the latter, then the fact that hiatus resolution-like processes occur across the glottal element is not unexpected since no consonant intervenes between the two vowels. |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/15/15-2027.html
(273 words)
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| | Verb Conjugation Continued / Clarified |
| | In English the glottal often appears at the beginning of a word whereas in Tagalog it can appear at the beginning, within, or at the end of a word. | | | To assume, presume, suppose (something) Akalà root begins with a consonant, ENDS in a GLOTTAL Akala in add IN to end of root In akala add IN to beginning of root In a akala add IN to beginning of root, repeat 1st syllable A akala in repeat 1st syllable, add IN to end of root | | | Glottal stops that occur medially (in the middle of a word) between a vowel and a consonant are represented by a hyphen (-) to avoid mispronunciation. |
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http://www2.seasite.niu.edu/tagalogdiscuss/_disc2/0000175a.htm
(1124 words)
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| | Pearic languages |
| | From the perspective of comparative phonology the reconstruction is rather incomplete - unfortunately sources were not yet available that reliably distinguished the 4 registers, and while Headley noted the phenomenon of "prefinal" glottals (as he called them) decided to leave the question "to future linguists". | | | This 4-way system is similar to the systems found among Vietic languages, except that the creaky phonation is definitely realised as a glottal restriction during the phonation of the vowel, rather than with the final consonant. | | | Phonologically the group is remarkable, showing a 4-way register system that combines both breathy and creaky phonation. |
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http://www.anu.edu.au/%7Eu9907217/languages/AAlecture7.html
(751 words)
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| | Conference Materials |
| | The distribution of glottalization phenomena may differ between spontaneous and read speech: because of the formal recording context, read speech is produced more carefully, but may also be more fluent and lack disjuncture phenomena. | | | Glottal stops are more common in read than spontaneous speech, and the absence of any glottal reflex is more frequent in spontaneous than read speech. | | | A glottal stop is expected to be more frequent in content than function words, partly since function words are mostly unaccented. |
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http://cognet.mit.edu/library/conferences/paper?paper_id=48881
(339 words)
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| | Standard Cantonese - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Some linguists analyze a /ʔ/ (glottal stop) when a vowel other than /i/, /u/ or /y/ begin a syllable. | | | However, since final-heads only appear with null initial, /k/ or /kʰ/, analyzing them as part of the initials greatly reduces the count of finals at the cost of only adding four initials. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Cantonese
(2371 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 2.200: Initial Glottal Stop/Zero Contrast |
| | In response to Bob Hoberman's query: Phonemic initial glottal stop before a vowel is not uncommon in Polynesian languages. | | | Bob Hoberman asks if there is a language in which glottal stop is in contrast with 0 in word initial position. | | | The lack of a glottal stop in /aBay/ is quite striking, obvious on spectrograms, leads to otherwise unattested allophones (like released word-final stops), etc. But it's the only word we came across that had a null onset. |
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http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/linguist/issues/2/2-200.html
(589 words)
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| | Baku - 29 May |
| | The North Caucasian languages, quite different from Kartvelian despite sharing phonetic features like glottals, have also been posited to be part of a wide, geographically sporadic family of isolated languages, from Basque to Navaho, but strong evidence for such mop-up classification is still missing. | | | Languages worldwide use glottals, but Georgian is unusual in giving these consonants a primary, default status in the sound system, such that foreign words borrowed into Georgian get their voiceless consonants glottalized, like it or not. | | | At a Tbilisi conference on the two cultures, we anticipated hearing evidence for such a link, but, despite provocative paper titles, no comparative linguistic data was presented; right now a specific Basque-Georgian classification would be premature at best. |
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http://popgen.well.ox.ac.uk/eurasia/htdocs/baku31may/baku31may.html
(4168 words)
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| | Report Submitted to FAMSI - David Bolles |
| | Because of the ambiguity of whether the second "h" belongs to this consonant or to the following syllable when chh appears in the middle of a word, and because the symbol "ħ" has recently become available again on modern computers, we have decided to return to the use of cħ to eliminate this ambiguity. | | | This may be based in a hieroglyphic convention which the early Mayan writers carried over into the Latin script orthography, because there are examples of the hieroglyph with the value ha being added to the hieroglyph with the value ca to form -cah, as in chucah (captured). | | | In the cases where the vowel is not the final value within a syllable, i.e. |
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http://www.famsi.org/reports/96072/grammar/section02.htm
(3061 words)
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| | L-C Symposium 4 |
| | Note that Tables 1 and 2 refer to the distribution of variants in prevocalic contexts, both within words and at word boundaries, and that glottalized variants are very frequent indeed in these contexts, particularly in the speech of men. | | | Bearing these different distributions in mind, we turn now to discuss a constraint on glottalization apparently peculiar to Tyneside which almost entirely inhibits the occurrence of glottal stops (or any glottalized form) in the coda in prepausal positions. | | | Glottalization is one of the features that John Wells had in mind when he remarked that `mainstream RP is now the subject of imminent invasion by trends spreading from working class urban speech, particularly that of London' (1982: 106). |
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http://www.binghamton.edu/language-culture/symposia/4
(3859 words)
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| | Contextual Summaries of Selected Publications of Martin Rothenberg [rev |
| | I consider the discovery of the principle of glottal source interaction with the inertive component of the vocal tract impedance, as detailed in NIF (with Steven Zahorian) and AI, to be my most important single contribution to voice research. | | | Another novel feature of this paper is the method used to estimate subglottal pressure, developed after exploring the difficulties in implementing more intrusive methods. | | | This shaping of the glottal flow pulse was discussed in the paper, and possibility of source-tract acoustic interaction included as a causative factor (in addition to adding first formant oscillations to the waveform as some of the formant energy was absorbed by the glottis during the open phase of the cycle). |
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http://www.rothenberg.org/summaries.htm
(6230 words)
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| | Key Characteristics of Chinese Languages |
| | One consonant, the glottal stop/?/, occurs in syllable-final position only. | | | Three consonants -- /n/, /N/, and /?/ -- occur in syllable-final position. | | | Consonant Phonemes: Possibly as many as 36 syllable-initial consonants. |
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http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~tojan/rlang/chi2.htm
(1152 words)
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| | A be'er bi' a bu'er - attitudes towards the glottal stop in Modern Day Britain |
| | The glottal stop may be used in a variety of ways: word-finally, as in i' for it, pre-consonantally, as in bulle' proof for bullet-proof or as a word-internal, intervocalic glottal stop as in glo'al for glottal. | | | The use of the glottal stop as a replacement for /t/ is often reported as being heavily stigmatised in Britain (Coggle: 42), despite the fact that it occurs in several accents/dialects in Britain such as Cockney and Glaswegian. | | | With the increase of regional accents in the public domain, the spread of EE and the increased use of the glottal stop in final positions in RP, the glottal stop is losing its stigma. |
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http://www.eng.umu.se/borders/grupp1/marie/Linguisticsessay.htm
(1222 words)
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| | UTR-1.TXT |
| | The Burmese script therfore ultimately derives from Brahmi, and so shares the structural features of its relatives: Consonant symbols include an inherent vowel; various signs are placed before, above, below and after a consonant to indicate a vowel other than the inherent one; ligatures and conjuncts are used to indicate consonant clusters. | | | Additional signs are placed before, above, below and after the consonants to indicate vowels other than the inherent one. | | | It has lost this function in Khmer and instead is considered a simple diacritic similar to TOANDAKHIAT in both reading and sorting. |
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http://www.unicode.org/Public/TEXT/UTR-1.TXT
(3336 words)
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| | Glottal stop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A glottal stop often occurs between repeated vowels (for example Hawai‘i), but as the example ‘okina indicates, this is not the only place where a glottal stop may occur. | | | The glottal stop is the sound made when the vocal cords are pressed together, and is the sound in the middle (and at the start if sentence-initial) of the interjection uh-oh, or the sound made by pronouncing "nope!" without stressing the p. | | | In Dutch, the glottal stop is not phonemic, but it is inserted in multi-morphemic words before morphemes that begin with a vowel, for example beamen ("to endorse"), where the glottal stop is inserted after the prefix "be-". |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_stop
(1032 words)
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| | Sk'op Sotz'leb: Chapter 1 |
| | For example, the division of a sentence into separate words is somewhat arbitrary; some particles (for example, -e, which ends phrases, or -a`a "indeed") do not have an initial glottal stop, and always unite with the previous words in the phrase. | | | In these last examples, the hyphen before the glottal stop is written to make clear the correct pronunciation -the glottal stop follows the non-glottalized consonant, either the result of the use of a prefix, or in a compound word. | | | A few students of Tzotzil prefer to use only one symbol (usually (')) for both glottal stops and consonant glottalization, in which case it would be preferable to use the hyphen to indicate the glottal stop that follows a consonant, although for those people that already speak the language, there is little possibility of confusion. |
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http://www.zapata.org/Tzotzil/Chapters/chapt1.html
(1847 words)
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| | Words in Mawu |
| | The set of possible consonants in Mawu is given in table 2. | | | If a type I nasal is followed by an initial consonant that is not already a nasal, that consonant will change according to the pattern in Table 5. | | | Voiceless nasal consonants do exist (for example in Burmese), but they are quite rare. |
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_1998/ling001/mawu/node2.html
(8641 words)
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| | Verb Conjugation Continued / Clarified |
| | In English the glottal often appears at the beginning of a word whereas in Tagalog it can appear at the beginning, within, or at the end of a word. | | | To assume, presume, suppose (something) Akalà root begins with a consonant, ENDS in a GLOTTAL Akala in add IN to end of root In akala add IN to beginning of root In a akala add IN to beginning of root, repeat 1st syllable A akala in repeat 1st syllable, add IN to end of root | | | Glottal stops that occur medially (in the middle of a word) between a vowel and a consonant are represented by a hyphen (-) to avoid mispronunciation. |
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http://www2.seasite.niu.edu/tagalogdiscuss/_disc2/0000175a.htm
(1124 words)
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| | Gweydr Phonology |
| | Since this class is the most common, and since no word can begin with a vowel phonologically in Gweydr, this class will be marked in the romanization by nothing (for a word that begins with a glottal stop), or with an initial h. | | | An example of a word beginning with a "soft" glottal fricative is the word ĥaþl, "fog". | | | A "soft" glottal stop is the glottal stop that's represented by an apostrophe, for example, with the word 'úr, "tail". |
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http://dedalvs.free.fr/gweydr/phonology.html
(1550 words)
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| | Gweydr Phonology |
| | An example of a word beginning with a "soft" glottal fricative is the word ĥaþl, "fog". | | | Since this class is the most common, and since no word can begin with a vowel phonologically in Gweydr, this class will be marked in the romanization by nothing (for a word that begins with a glottal stop), or with an initial h. | | | A word beginning with a "hard" glottal will get a prefix that would be attached to a word that begins with a consonant, only intervocalic glottal consonants are not preserved, resulting in hiatus. |
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http://dedalvs.free.fr/gweydr/phonology.html
(1550 words)
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| | Lango 18 |
| | Moreover, the apostrophe might be used to represent a 27th consonant: the glottal stop or alif, which is found in Hebrew, other Middle-Eastern languages, Amerindian tongues, and elsewhere. | | | We could start with the consonants, which are more straightforward: seventeen of them might as well be the same as in English. | | | The fundamentals of the problem are twofold: firstly an alphabet which could exist within the existing QWERTY machinery, and secondly an alphabet which could orthographically represent at least 27 consonant phonemes and 18 vowel phonemes. |
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http://www.ki4u.com/webpal/a_reconstruction/language/essays/lango/lango18.htm
(1500 words)
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| | Comments on Lesley Milroy, "Variation as an Interactional Resource" |
| | One might expect, if the use of glottal stop is spreading from medial to prepausal position, that there would be a constant relation across the population between the frequency of use of glottal stop in the two positions. | | | I would be willing to accept that the glottal stop does delimit the end of a turn in some way, but not as a speaker-change signal, since by the time the last segment in the last word has been pronounced, it's already too late for any hearer to act on such a signal. | | | Not only are the young women using more glottal stop than the rest of the population, but there is a significant difference in the use of glottal stop among the young women between the working and middle class. |
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http://www.binghamton.edu/language-culture/reviews/symposium4/eckert.html
(1260 words)
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| | Is this a glottal stop? |
| | Should I transcribe the glottal stop (keeping in mind that I'm |
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http://www.groupsrv.com/science/about50277-15.html
(1133 words)
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| | Escape Entities HTML for Hawaiian Diacriticals |
| | This means that the "source" HTML code must be designed to work for both platforms from one HTML file. | | | For Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estate users the Guava Graphics Hawaiian Word Processing Tools (or Guava fonts as most like to call it) is site licensed for all of KSBE sites and includes Mac and Windows versions. | | | Guava uses the Option + u key combination to produce a "cedilla" (ç) mark while "HI" uses the apostrophe key to produce a "ÿ", however, the "HI" method only works with their specially designed keyboard map file (named, "Papa Pihi keyboard") which they distribute along with their fonts. |
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http://kalama.doe.hawaii.edu/hern95/pt038/hawn.html
(917 words)
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| | Table of the consonants |
| | the use of the glottal stop in this position is now being shared with the experimental "syntactic phoneme" ð; theð is used between "incompatible vowels" (see the Vowels page), while the glottal stop is used between compatible vowels where they do not belong to the same word, e.g. | | | the -t in tëlet is pronounced as a glottal stop here: Anin arvo tëlet, -- Computers do not think (will never think, have never thought before. | | | the glottal stop is not a Danovën letter in itself, but is pronounced between the vowels of any two adjacent words and between identical vowels (e.g. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Crete/5555/cons.htm
(290 words)
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| | The International Phonetic Alphabet |
| | glottal nasal, because the communication between the throat and the nose is at the back of the soft palate, and pharyngeals andal are articulated even further back in the throat (so that blocking the flow of air there will block it even for the nose). | | | There are no pharyngeals (let alone epiglottals) in English, but there are some glottal sounds: the normal ‘h’ sound is a voiceless glottal fricative, and, although it is not really part of the English phonemic system, one finds some glottal stops (plosives) in certain circumstances in many varieties of English. | | | One sequence commonly found in many languages is the succession of a plosive by the corresponding fricative. |
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http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/linguistic/ipa
(290 words)
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| | glottal stop -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | In this way the aperture, or lens opening, can be adjusted to admit more or less light as required. | | | After development is complete, the film is rinsed in a stop bath. | | | The glottal stop is not a separate phoneme (or distinctive sound) in English, though it is one of the allophones of the t phoneme in... |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037062
(796 words)
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| | Voiceless glottal fricative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Voiced glottal fricative, a common allophone in numerous languages | | | Even so, this is a voiceless phoneme gaining breathy voicing due the environment, not an breathy-voiced phoneme. | | | The voiceless glottal "fricative" is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative
(825 words)
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| | Note on Homework #5 |
| | 248, Kenstowicz uses the term 'supralaryngeal consonant', this is a term used to refer to a non-glottal consonant, a consonant that is articulated above the laryngeal area. | | | 248, Kenstowicz uses the term > 'supralaryngeal consonant', this > is a term used to refer to a non-glottal > consonant, a consonant that is > articulated above the laryngeal > area. | | | In your answer to this problem, you should formalize the voel nasalization rule.so that it accounts for the data in (1) and (2). |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~iulcsecy/L5423105_bbs/L5423105.cgi?read=32
(263 words)
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| | Reconstructing PIE Phonology |
| | In order to understand the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European stop System and the glottalic reinterpretation of Indo-European consonantism, it might be helpful to review the history of the reconstruction of that system and the reasons why the glottalic reinterpretation was proposed in the first place. | | | Their reinterpretation of the traditional plain voiced stops as glottalics (ejectives) makes it easy to account for the fact that the phoneme traditionally reconstructed as *b was highly marked in the system, being characterized by an extremely low frequency of occurrence (if it even existed at all). | | | In the other daughter languages, the voiceless aspirates and plain voiceless stops have the same treatment, except that *kh appears to have became x in a small number of examples in Slavic -- however, these examples are better explained as borrowings from Iranian rather than as due to regular developments in Slavic. |
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http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/iedocctr/ie-ling/ie-phon-Bomhard.html
(263 words)
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