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| | Imperative programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | In computer science, imperative programming, as opposed to declarative programming, is a programming paradigm that describes computation in terms of a program state and statements that change the program state. | | | Logical programming languages, like Prolog, are often thought of as defining "what" is to be computed, rather than "how" the computation is to take place, as an imperative programming language does. | | | High-level imperative languages, in addition, permit the evaluation of complex expressions, which may consist of a combination of arithmetic operations and function evaluations, and the assignment of the resulting value to memory. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_programming
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| | Programming paradigm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Concept-oriented programming is based on using concepts as the main programming construct. | | | For instance, pure functional programming disallows the use of side-effects; structured programming disallows the use of goto. | | | A programming paradigm is a paradigmatic style of programming (compare with a methodology which is a paradigmatic style of doing software engineering). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_paradigm
(362 words)
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| | Programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A programming language is a stylized communication technique intended to be used for controlling the behaviour of a machine (often a computer). | | | For instance, a programming language differs from natural languages in that natural languages are used for interaction between people, while programming languages are used for communication from people to machines (this rules out languages used for computer to computer interaction). | | | Programming languages are not error tolerant; however, the burden of recognizing and using the special vocabulary is reduced by help messages generated by the programming language implementation. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language
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| | Unstructured programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Unstructured programming is a programming paradigm where all code is contained in a single continuous block. | | | Unstructured source code is notoriously difficult to read and debug, and so is discouraged in programming languages that support any kind of structure. | | | Unstructured programming languages have to rely on execution flow statements such as Goto, used in many languages to jump to a specified section of code. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unstructured_programming
(184 words)
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| | Declarative programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In a declarative program you write (declare) a data structure that is processed by a standard algorithm (for that language) to produce the desired result. | | | The phrase "declarative language" is sometimes used to describe all such programming languages as a group, and to contrast them against imperative languages. | | | Declarative programming is a term with two distinct meanings, both of which are in current use. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming
(728 words)
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| | Functional programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A much-improved functional programming language was LISP, developed by John McCarthy while at MIT for the IBM 700/7000 series scientific computers in the late 1950s. | | | Functional programming appears to be missing several constructs often (though incorrectly) considered essential to an imperative language such as C or Pascal. | | | Functional languages have remained largely the domain of academics and hobbyists, and what little inroads have been made are due to impure functional languages such as Erlang and Common Lisp. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming_language
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| | Functional programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A much-improved functional programming language was LISP, developed by John McCarthy while at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the IBM 700/7000 series scientific computers in the late 1950s. | | | Furthermore, functional programming languages are likely to enforce referential transparency, which is the familiar notion that 'equals can be substituted for equals': if two expressions are defined to have equal values, then one can be substituted for the other in any larger expression without affecting the result of the computation. | | | Functional programming appears to be missing several constructs often (though incorrectly) considered essential to an imperative language such as C or Pascal. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming
(1870 words)
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| | Operator overloading - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A classification of some programming languages by whether their operators are overloadable by the programmer and whether the operators are limited to a predefined set. | | | In computer programming, operator overloading (less commonly known as operator ad-hoc polymorphism) is a specific case of polymorphism in which some or all of operators like | | | Because operator overloading allows the programmer to change the usual semantics of an operator, it is usually considered good practice to use operator overloading with care. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_overloading
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| | Procedural programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Procedures, also known as routines, subroutines, methods, or functions (not to be confused with mathematical functions, but similar to those used in functional programming) simply contain a series of computational steps to be carried out. | | | To be considered a procedural, a programming language should support procedural programming by having an explicit concept of a procedure, and a syntax to define it. | | | Procedural programming is often a better choice than simple sequential or unstructured programming in many situations which involve moderate complexity or which require significant ease of maintainability. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_programming
(694 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Object-oriented programming |
| | In computer science, object-oriented programming, OOP for short, is a computer programming paradigm. | | | Prototype-based programming is a style and subset of object-oriented programming in which classes are not present, and behavior reuse (known as inheritance in class-based languages) is done by cloning existing objects which serve as prototypes for the new ones. | | | Object-oriented programming developed as the dominant programming methodology during the mid-1980s, largely due to the influence of C++, an extension of the C programming language. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Object_oriented-programming
(8362 words)
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| | Logic programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The point of logic programming is to bring the style of mathematical logic to computer programming. | | | The first logic programming language was Planner which featured pattern-directed invocation of procedural plans from both assertions and goals. | | | Logic programming (sometimes called logical programming) is programming that makes use of pattern-directed invocation of procedures from assertions and goals. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_programming
(1233 words)
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| | Game programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Game programming, a subset of game development, is the programming of computer, console or arcade games. | | | The game designer will solicit input from both the producer and the art and programming lead for ideas and strategies for the game design. | | | The game loop may be refined and modified as game development progresses, but most games programming doesn't start without one. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_programming
(3549 words)
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| | Procedural programming: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic |
| | In computer science, imperative programming, as opposed to declarative programming, is a programming paradigm that describes computation in terms of a program... | | | Procedural programming is a programming paradigm based upon the concept of the modularity and scope of program code (i.e., the data viewing range of an executable... | | | Constraint programming is a programming paradigm in which a set of constraints that a solution must meet are specified rather than set of steps to obtain such... |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/p/pr/procedural_programming.htm
(1090 words)
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| | Structured programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Structured programming can be seen as a subset or subdiscipline of procedural programming, one of the major programming paradigms. | | | Structured programming theorists gained a major ally in the 1970s after IBM researcher Harlan Mills applied his interpretation of structured programming theory to the development of an indexing system for the New York Times research file. | | | Structured programming is often (but not always) associated with a "top-down" approach to design. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_programming
(1501 words)
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| | Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In computer science, object-oriented programming, OOP for short, is a computer programming paradigm. | | | Object-oriented programming developed as the dominant programming methodology during the mid-1980s, largely due to the influence of C++, an extension of the C programming language. | | | In recent years, object-based programming has become especially popular in scripting programming languages, with abstraction, encapsulation, reusability, and ease of use being the most commonly cited reasons, (the value of inheritance in these languages is often questioned). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming
(3830 words)
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| | Computer programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Computer programming (often simply programming) is the craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program. | | | Different programming languages require different levels of detail to be handled by the programmer when implementing algorithms, often resulting in a compromise between ease of use and performance (a trade-off between "programmer time" and "computer time"). | | | The only programming language a computer can directly execute is machine language (sometimes called "machine code"). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming
(592 words)
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| | Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In computer science, object-oriented programming, OOP for short, is a computer programming paradigm. | | | Object-oriented programming developed as the dominant programming methodology during the mid-1980s, largely due to the influence of C++, an extension of the C programming language. | | | In recent years, object-based programming has become especially popular in scripting programming languages, with abstraction, encapsulation, reusability, and ease of use being the most commonly cited reasons, (the value of inheritance in these languages is often questioned). |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming
(592 words)
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| | Computer programming - One Language |
| | Computer programming (often simply programming) is the craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program. | | | The program written in a particular programming language is then translated into the specific machine language executable by the target computer: programs written in any programming language can be translated into machine language. | | | Alan Turing is often considered the father of computer science and, by proxy, of the craft of programming. |
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http://www.onelang.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Computer_programming
(592 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Programming language |
| | In computer science, imperative programming, as opposed to declarative programming, is a programming paradigm that describes computation in terms of a program state and statements that change the program state. | | | Prototype-based programming is a style and subset of object-oriented programming in which classes are not present, and behavior reuse (known as inheritance in class-based languages) is done by cloning existing objects which serve as prototypes for the new ones. | | | Programming languages are not error tolerant; however, the burden of recognizing and using the special vocabulary is reduced by help messages generated by the programming language implementation. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Programming-language
(6477 words)
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| | Felgall Software - Structured Programming |
| | Structured programming provides a number of constructs that are used to define the sequence in which the program statements are to be executed. | | | Structured programming is one of the several different ways in which a programming language can be constructed. | | | A structured program may be written out using pseudo code prior to being translated into whatever programming language that the program is to be written in. |
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http://www.felgall.com/struc.htm
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| | Declarative programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Data-oriented programming languages and query languages are declarative in that queries are not given in terms of how to find data but instead give criteria for the desired data (SQL is an example). | | | A declarative programming language is a high-level language that describes a problem rather than defining a solution — it makes use of declarative programming. | | | Functional programming languages are declarative in that functions relate their output to their input — without defining a strict order to evaluate any operations. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming_language
(361 words)
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| | Abstraction (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | For example, in both computing and in mathematics, numbers are concepts in the programming languages, as founded in mathematics. | | | Control abstraction is one of the main purposes of using programming languages. | | | In object-oriented programming theory, abstraction is the facility to define objects that represent abstract "actors" that can perform work, report on and change their state, and "communicate" with other objects in the system. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)
(361 words)
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| | Functional programming - definition of Functional programming in Encyclopedia |
| | A much-improved functional programming language was LISP, developed by John McCarthy while at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the IBM 700/7000 series scientific computers in the late 1950s. | | | For programs which spend most of their time doing numerical computations, some functional languages (such as OCaml and Clean) can approach C speed, while for programs that handle large matrices and multidimensional databases, array functional languages (such as J and K) are usually faster than most non-optimized C programs. | | | Furthermore, functional programming languages are likely to enforce referential transparency, which is the familiar notion that 'equals can be substituted for equals': if two expressions are defined to have equal values, then one can be substituted for the other in any larger expression without affecting the result of the computation. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Functional_programming
(1698 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Genetic programming |
| | Genetic programming (GP) is a subfield of evolutionary computation pioneered by Nichael Lynn Cramer in 1985 and first explored in depth by John Koza in his 1992 book Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection. | | | Genetic programming (GP) is a subfield of evolutionary computation first explored in depth by John Koza in his 1992 book Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection. | | | A particular subset of genetic programming wherein computer programs are represented as a single sequence of instructions and data, as opposed to binary tree representations, for example. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Genetic-programming
(1222 words)
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| | Encyclopedia4U - Ruby programming language - Encyclopedia Article |
| | Ruby supports Closuress (also found in Smalltalk and many functional programming languages). | | | Ruby is purely object-oriented: every bit of data is an object, including types that are designated "primitive" in impure languages. | | | Ruby has native, syntactic support for Perl -like regular expressions at the language level (not merely in libraries, as in Python or many other languages). |
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http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/r/ruby-programming-language.html
(1222 words)
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| | Array programming -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | Array programming languages (also known as vector or multidimensional languages) generalize operations on (A variable quantity that cannot be resolved into components) scalars to apply transparently to (A variable quantity that can be resolved into components) vectors, (Click link for more info and facts about matrices) matrices, and higher dimensional arrays. | | | Function rank is an important new (The branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures) computer science concept that has recently been discovered as a result of Array Programming research in the (Click link for more info and facts about J programming language) J programming language. | | | Today, (Click link for more info and facts about Fortran 95) Fortran 95 and (Click link for more info and facts about Matlab) Matlab are probably the most widely used compiled and interpreted array programming languages. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/a/ar/array_programming.htm
(539 words)
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| | Programming style - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Programming style (also called coding standards or code convention) is a term that describes conventions for writing source code in a certain programming language. | | | Indent style, in programming languages that use braces or indenting to delimit logical blocks of code, such as C, is also a key to good style. | | | Programming style is often dependent on the actual choice of programming language one is writing in. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_style
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| | Fusebox (programming) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In Fusebox 3, the control files were all written in the underlying programming language (e.g., fbx_Switch.cfm for ColdFusion). | | | Associated with the framework, but not strictly part of it, is the concept of FuseDocs which is a semi-formalized form of documentation written in XML that specifies the inputs and outputs of each fuse file. | | | Fusebox is a popular web development framework for ColdFusion and other web development languages. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusebox_(programming)
(707 words)
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| | Subroutine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In many programming languages the word function is reserved for subroutines that return a value; however, the C programming language and its programmers view subroutines simply as functions that do not return a value. | | | In the C and C++ programming languages, subprograms are referred to as "functions". | | | In computer science, a subroutine (function, procedure, or subprogram) is a sequence of code which performs a specific task, as part of a larger program, and is grouped as one or more statement blocks; such code is sometimes collected into software libraries. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subprogram
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| | Declarative Programming in Prolog - Apt (ResearchIndex) |
| | Abstract: We try to assess to what extent declarative programming can be realized in Prolog and which aspects of correctness of Prolog programs can be dealt with by means of declarative interpretation. | | | 30 the occur-check free Prolog programs - Apt, Pellegrini - 1992 | | | 48 the unification free Prolog programs - Apt, Etalle - 1993 |
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http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/447719.html
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