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| | Simtec Electronics - 16 bit IDE interface for Acorn Computers |
 | | Introduction - A general introduction to the 16 bit IDE interface for Acorn Computers. | | | Resources - Documentation and software resources for the 16 bit IDE interface for Acorn Computers. | | | The 16 bit interface is suitable for the RISC PC, A7000, A5000, A540, A400 and A300. |
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http://www.simtec.co.uk/products/AUIDE16
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| | RetouchPRO - Reconsidering 16 bit |
| | Many 16 bit files from many and many manufacters are not really 16 bit, but 10/12 or evem 14. | | | Dan Margulis, a noted high bit work-flow critic even changed his viewpoint after some colour scans that were converted to 8 bpc in the scanner were poor after edits, while a high bit converted to regular bit in Photoshop and then edited the same was superior. | | | I have read quite a bit about the pros and cons of high bit scanning in the past, and it seems that some of the biggest names in Photoshop land can't agree about the benefits or lack of benefits of high bit scanning. |
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http://www.retouchpro.com/forums/showthread.php?t=4826
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| | Stack Computers: 4.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF 16-BIT DESIGNS |
| | A major reason that Forth has historically been a 16-bit language is that 8 bits is too small for general purpose computations and addressing data structures. | | | Forth traditionally has not used more than a 16-bit computing model because it was developed before 32-bit microprocessors were available. | | | While 12 bits was tried in some of the earliest minicomputers, 16 bits seems to be the smallest integer size that is truly useful. |
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http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/stack_computers/sec4_1.html
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| | Digital Light & Color Message Boards: 16 Bit TIFF |
| | If there are less than 16 bits per channel, the data are always stored in the most significant bits. | | | If this is correct, there is a major difference between the way PWP and Photoshop handles 48 bit files, and maybe you should talk about as a reason for using PWP. | | | That is, if the original pixel had a value of 65,535 and an editing function of 51% was applied to it, the resulting value of that pixel would be 33,423. |
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http://www.dl-c.com/cgi-bin/discus/show.cgi?tpc=2&post=1512
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| | CircleMUD List: 16 bit platform bug and binary compatibility is |
| | We never _had_ binary compatibilty for 16 bit platforms, CircleMUD was _always_ broken on 16 bit platforms. | | | Of course the simple fix for this is to change experience from an int to a long, but wait, won't this break binary compatibility on 16 bit platforms? | | | After all, if CM was never 16 bit compatible it was most probably never used to any reasonable extent on a 16 bit platform, otherwise this bug would quickly have been discovered long ago. |
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http://www.circlemud.org/maillist/2001-06/0011.html
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| | Glossary Search Results |
| | The 32 bits refers to the amount of information that can be transferred between the GPU on the video card and its local video memory. | | | SDRAM and DDR DIMMs are an example of 64- bit memory chips. | | | 8 bits make up 1 byte, and offer 256 (2^8) different combinations. |
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http://www.geek.com/glossary/glossary_search.cgi?1
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| | How to make use of a 16 bit division routine for 32 bit division |
| | The idea is simple: you do 16 bit division as usually, but when the dividend is 32 bit, the lower two bytes are used as dividend and the higher two bytes are used as initial value for remainder (which is zero when doing 16 bit division) | | | That means that the first 16 iterations through steps 1-5 produce 16 zero bits in quotient (because we know that higher 2 bytes of quotient are zero in that case), x was shifted 16 times to remainder, remainder was never subtracted from. | | | For example, it is possible to divide 16 or 32 bit dividend by 16 bit divisor to 16 bit quotient in just one routine. |
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http://www.piclist.com/techref/microchip/math/div/div16or32by16to16.htm
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| | 16 Bit TIFF |
| | When we added 16 bit TIFF format to CCDOPS a year or so ago the only program that would read 16 bit TIFF was PhotoShop 2.5.1, and then only if you wrote it in IBM format (vs MAC) as I recall. | | | I assume the new version of Photoshop continues to support 16 bit TIFF and they have fixed the minor bug (I told them about it then), but I don't know. | | | For users of other cameras or for compatibility with the high-end image processing packages I recommend 16 bit FITS format. |
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http://www.astronomysite.com/mapug1/13/msg13630.htm
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| | Applied Color Theory - 8 Bit vs 16 Bit Lighting |
| | For RGB this means it would be a 48-bit file (3 x 16 = 48) or for CMYK is would be a 64-bit file (4 x 16 = 64). | | | Photoshop considers any file with more then 8 bits pre color to be 16 bits even though it may not be. | | | It wasn't necessary for Adobe to place all kinds of different values in the menu; 16 bit basically is telling you that you have more then 8 bits per color. |
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http://www.ledet.com/margulis/ACT_postings/ACT-8-bit-16-bit.html
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| | avr-libc: Frequently Asked Questions |
| | Bitwise operations in Standard C will automatically promote their operands to an int, which is (by default) 16 bits in avr-gcc. | | | While the device documentation provides mnemonic names for the various bits in the IO registers, and the AVR device-specific IO definitions reflect these names in definitions for numerical constants, a way is needed to convert a bit number (usually within a byte register) into a byte value that can be assigned directly to the register. | | | With respect to the standard, this sentence is somewhat simplified (because the standard allows for machines where the actual bit pattern used differs from all bits being 0), but for the AVR target, in general, all integer-type variables are set to 0, all pointers to a NULL pointer, and all floating-point variables to 0.0. |
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http://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/user-manual/FAQ.html
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| | VL-12CT97 - 16-Bit Analog & Digital Input/Output Card from VersaLogic Corporation |
| | Multifunction I/O card with 16-bit analog input, 12-bit analog output, and 16 digital I/O lines. | | | The analog input channels can be jumper configured as 8 differential or 16 single ended inputs, in a ±5 or ±10 volt range. | | | A fast 10 microsecond A/D converter is used on the VL-12CT97 and eight differential or 16 single-ended multiplexed inputs with ±5 or ±10 volt ranges are available. |
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http://www.versalogic.com/Products/DS.asp?ProductID=7
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| | Two's Complement and Fractional Arithmetic for 16-bit Processors |
| | When we do the multiplication, we are primarily interested in the top 16 bits of the result, since these are the data that are actually used when we store the result back into memory and send it out to the digital-to-analog converter. | | | Note that even after the result is left-shifted by one bit following the multiply, the top bit of the result is still "0", implying that the result is incorrectly interpreted as a positive number. | | | The most significant bit of a two's complement number represents its sign, and the remaining bits represent its magnitude. |
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http://cnx.rice.edu/content/m10808/latest
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| | GameDev.net - 16-Bit Pixels |
| | A bitmask is a variable that will allow us to extract the red, green, or blue component from our 16 bit value. | | | For reference, the first article was written by Chris Barnes of Angelic-Coders.com, and it was titled "16 Bit Pixel Plotting." The second article, "16 Bit With Directdraw," was written by Hugh Hunkin. | | | After a bit of searching, I came upon two different articles that helped me understand the basics of 16 bit pixels. |
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http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article541.asp
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| | 16-bit |
| | The range of integer values that can be stored in 16 bits is 0 through 65535, or -32768 through 32767 using two's complement coding. | | | This adjective often refers to the number of bits used internally by a computer's CPU. | | | The term may also refer to the size of an instruction in the computer's instruction set or to any other item of data. |
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http://www.serebella.com/encyclopedia/article-16-bit.html
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| | mips.html |
| | And it shrinks the immediate value field from 16- to 5-bits. | | | To fit into 16 bits, the MIPS-16 uses 5-bits for its major op code field and function field (they were 6-bits), 3-bits for the register fields (they were 5 bits). | | | The ISA mode bit can also be changed when an exception occurs. |
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http://www.redhat.com/support/wpapers/cygnus/cygnus_evaluate/mips.html
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| | More on the Subject of 8-bit Versus 16-bit - Photo Tips @ Earthbound Light |
| | This is the primary reason why 16-bit support has only relatively recently become practical on home computers. | | | Photoshop has no way of knowing what fractional values might have originally been there since they were lost when the data was converted to 8-bit. | | | A one-bit image would allow only two possible values per channel, or eight colors total. |
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http://www.earthboundlight.com/phototips/20041121.html?source=rss
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| | 3-in-1 Color Picker: web-safe + 16-bit palette + named colors |
| | Alternatively, if you have image software which can edit the color palette, subtract 1 from the RGB components of the 16 bit color that needs to blend with a 16 bit background color on the page. | | | On a 'High Color' display (16 bit) most browsers will approximate them with a 'dither' pattern, but on a 256 color display (8 bit) the differences can be quite dramatic. | | | If you choose "16 bit palette" or "Web 216 palette", the color name will be replaced by the words "select named colors". |
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http://www.webcolors.freeserve.co.uk/chooser.htm
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| | GameDev.net - 16-bit Color |
| | We have to be able to shift the bits of the colors to the right before shifting them to the left to make a 16-bit color. | | | However, right now, we have 8 bits in each of Red, Green, and Blue, and we need only 5 or 6. | | | It had 5 bits for each R,G, or B value(using only 15 bits), so the pixel format looked something like this |
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http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article863.asp
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| | Expert About bi:Bit |
| | The bit is the smallest unit of storage currently used in computing, although much research is ongoing in quantum computing with qubits. | | | Shannon's bit is a portmanteau word for binary digit (or possibly binary digit). | | | Although it is clearer symbology to use "bit" for the bit and "b" for the byte, "b" is often used for bit and "B" for byte. |
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http://www.expertsite.biz/dir/bi/bit.htm
(1702 words)
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| | CRC-CCITT -- 16-bit |
| | Shifting the value 0x8000 (32,768 decimal) by left one bit is equivalent to multiplying by two; but a 16-bit variable cannot hold 0x10000 -- it becomes zero, not 65,536. | | | Among the problems with the "Bad_CRC" implementation is that it does not augment a zero-length message with 16 zero bits, as is required (either implicitly or explicitly) when calculating the standard CRC. | | | Whatever clever technique is used to calculate a CRC, it is always emulating a simple implementation in which "zero" bit _are_ explicitly appended to the message. |
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http://www.joegeluso.com/software/articles/ccitt.htm
(1702 words)
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| | Business Wire: Microchip Technology Unveils 16-Bit Digital Sig... @ HighBeam Research |
| | The 16 x 16-bit CPU core working registers can be used as data or address registers, and includes a dedicated register for software stack access. | | | The architecture can support up to 4 Mbytes x 24 addressable Flash program memory space and up to 32K x 16 data space. | | | The CPU core also contains other attributes often found on full-featured DSPs, including bit reversed addressing, zero overhead program looping constructs, and modulo addressing, all of which may be used by any microcontroller application code (i.e. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:75301543&refid=ink_tptd_g1
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| | 16 vs. 24 bit Audio Recording Demystified |
| | This brings us to the Bit Rate, or how much data per second is required to transmit the file, which can then be translated into how big the file is. Your CD is 16bit, 44.1 so that is 44,100 slices, each having 65,536 levels. | | | A person who really knows and works with their gear can deliver greater sound quality at 16 bit with lesser gear than a person who just plugs in and goes on top of the line 24/96 recorders. | | | Because I do all my recording on computers with sequencers, 24 bit files seem easier to work with. |
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http://www.tweakheadz.com/16_vs_24_bit_audio.htm
(1702 words)
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| | Image-Pro User's Group Mailing List Archive RE: Princeton Instruments 16 bit data |
| | I was wondering if you have experiences in using PI's ICCD camera and know how to convert to 16 bit image file to be read by IPPro software. | | | ---------- From: Steven Lee Sent: Friday, November 07, 1997 8:23 PM To: imagepro-users@mediacy.com Subject: Princeton Instruments 16 bit data I am using the Princeton Instruments 16 bit camera, MicroMax Intensified CCD camera with Winview Software. | | | Image-Pro User's Group Mailing List Archive RE: Princeton Instruments 16 bit data |
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http://www.mediacy.com/tech/ipuml/ipu1997.q4/0038.html
(1702 words)
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| | The Old New Thing : Why 16-bit DOS and Windows are still with us |
| | As another example, the app I work on has some 16 bit components. | | | Of course they might stop working on 64 bit Windows but hopefully by the time our users start using 64 bit systems, there won't be many documents with the old objects any more. | | | While it might be possible to write code to read in the data these old apps wrote out and replace the objects they created with 32 bit versions, it would be a lot of work for very little gain. |
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http://blogs.msdn.com/oldnewthing/archive/2004/03/01/82103.aspx
(1702 words)
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| | 16 Bit AE 5.0 |
| | One comment about your statement; while 16 bit will reduce the error when converting from YUV to RGB and back, it is never a lossless process as you described. | | | The Adobe PDF states it supports 16 bit Photoshop images so I guess it's not only limited to Cineon files. | | | My question is how does this effect the quality argument raised in comparisions with Digital Voodoo and Cinewave.From what i understand cinewave captures into a 16bit environment. |
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http://www.pechorin.com/m/2001/02/26/16_Bit_AE_50-84779.html
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| | Project OpenDSP: A 16-bit fixed-point DSP Processor for FPGA |
| | Conditional jump instructions, "jpFlag addr", are limited, as usual, to near positions, because a reduced number of bits (8) are dedicated to the address: any shift between -128 to +127 can be done. | | | This is more than enough for the small applications this processor is designed for, but of course it must be extended. | | | It must be pointed out that the macro-instruction "goto", actually not different to "call", changes the value of the register r0!. |
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http://www.dte.eis.uva.es/OpenProjects/OpenDSP/index.htm
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