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| | 40-bit encryption - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Although this is a large number (about a trillion, and nearly two hundred times the world's human population), it is possible to break this degree of encryption using a moderate amount computing power in a brute force attack — that is trying out each possible key in turn. | | | In the light of this, it is difficult to recommend 40-bit encryption for any serious cryptographic use given the ability of today's computers to defeat it. | | | This machine could have been disproportionately improved with a larger budget by using more efficient chip designs and fabrication techniques, not to mention Moore's law. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/40-bit_encryption
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| | S/MIME Cracking Screensaver |
| | Like all algorithms that use 40 bit keys, RC2/40 is considered by many to be weak encryption. | | | If the sending agent decides that weak encryption is unacceptable for this data, then the sending agent MUST NOT use a weak algorithm such as RC2/40. | | | A sending agent that is controlled by a human SHOULD allow a human sender to determine the risks of sending data using RC2/40 or a similarly weak encryption algorithm before sending the data, and possibly allow the human to use a stronger encryption method such as tripleDES. |
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http://www.counterpane.com/smime.html
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| | Euronext Amsterdam Derivative Markets |
| | Parties using Switch software that is working with 40 bit SSL encryption only (typically ISV Switch software applications) are experiencing connectivity problems while connecting to the Switch TEE. | | | Due to a possible bug in third party software, 40 bit SSL encryption is not functioning correctly in the Switch TEE. | | | We herewith inform you on a SSL encryption problem that was discovered in the Switch Test and Education Environment (TEE) last Friday 5 July 2002. |
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http://www.aex.nl/html/en/infobalie/switch/technical_mailing_old/stm111.htm
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| | Microsoft Host Integration Server 2000 - Data Encryption |
| | The data encryption is implemented transparently to any application that is written to the Host Integration Server 2000 APIs (application program interfaces). | | | Client-to-server encryption prevents information from being sent in clear text between Host Integration Server 2000 client workstations and Host Integration Server 2000 computers. | | | Any software, such as a third-party emulator, that is written to use the Host Integration Server 2000 client APIs will automatically benefit from the encryption. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/host/2000/all/proddocs/en-us/netint/sec_data_encryption.mspx
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| | 40-bit crypto proves no problem CNET News.com |
| | Responding to an international contest announced by encryption software company RSA Security Dynamics, grad student Ian Goldberg set the UC Berkeley Network of Workstations to the task of cracking the code yesterday using cryptanalysis software, key-testing software that he "tweaked" to run even faster than usual. | | | In that case, Netscape programmers had failed to select completely random bits for their encryption algorithms. | | | The software was able to test about 100 billion key combinations an hour, said Eric Brewer, the Berkeley computer science professor who oversees Goldberg's work with the Internet Security, Applications, Authentication and Cryptography research group. |
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http://www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,7483,00.html
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| | Terrorists' code of honour |
| | (A bit, short for binary digit, is the way computers store data as a series of zeroes or ones). | | | A symmetric key algorithm is a method in which the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt the data and is secure if the key is known only to the the sender (you) and the receiver (the retail website). | | | The files were only encoded using 40-bit encryption, which was broken by brute force - trying all possible keys. |
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http://www.plus.maths.org/issue19/news/crypto/index.html
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| | Privacy and Security on the Internet |
| | The length of the keys is specified in binary bits. | | | For example, a one-bit key could have the values of only "0" or "1". | | | The maximum key length is 4096 bits, which should be sufficient for protecting information for the forseeable future. |
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http://www.cardiothink.com/ACC99/internet-security.html
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| | JavaScript: Detect 128-bit vs 40-bit encryption NN4.x / IE4.x |
| | With Netscape's browser, you can check the header information, because the encryption strength is being passed there by the browser. | | | Probably the best and easiest way to check the encryption strength of a browser, and redirect users, is through Microsoft Windows NT Server and IIS 4.0. | | | But we should warn you that it is possible to modify the user-agent header, so this isn't a guaranteed solution. |
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http://www.experts-exchange.com/Web/Web_Languages/JavaScript/Q_10126360.html
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| | Windows NT 4.0 Unable to Negotiate 40-bit Encryption When Connecting to a Windows 2000-Based Computer |
| | This problem can occur because a Windows 2000 server that is configured to require encryption has both 56-bit and 40-bit encryption levels selected. | | | The Windows 2000-based computer first tries to negotiating a connection with the client at the higher level of encryption. | | | Windows NT 4.0 Unable to Negotiate 40-bit Encryption When Connecting to a Windows 2000-Based Computer |
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http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q246/3/47.ASP
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| | Network Computing Workshop Mobile & Wireless Technology Security Still Up in the Air Page 2 February 5, 2001 |
| | Although it requires a bit of custom programming, it also uses the VLAN approach to aggregate wireless traffic to a subnet without a conventional router. | | | Without hardware-based encryption, the user employing WEP will experience some performance degradation, because the device's CPU must do extensive numeric calculations on each packet sent and received. | | | Some cards perform better than others; the National Laboratory for Applied Network Research has done some simple throughput testing, the results of which can be seen at www.scd.ucar.edu/nets/projects/wireless/performance.tests.html. |
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http://www.networkcomputing.biz/1203/1203ws12.html
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| | 5.35'' Bay Mount Hardware Encryption for Single IDE Drivev 40-bit |
| | In contrast, hardware-based encryption technology is a much more secure solution offering simple and absolute data security which completely eliminates processor cycle interrupts and memory overhead. | | | With Enova’s transparent hardware based solution you are assured that your data and credentials are fully protected. | | | The Bay automatically and transparently encrypts all data stored on the target hard drive. |
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http://www.1394max.com/5baymohaenfo.html
(467 words)
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| | Internal IDE PCI Hard Drive Encryption Add-On Card with DES 40-bit Encryption |
| | A The number of bits represents cipher strength, not considering the way bits are generated. | | | Every disk write (encryption) and disk read (decryption) operation is completely transparent to users. | | | The 2112 TDES cipher offers the maximum security (5,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 possible combinations) that could not be possibly broken in the next 15 to 20 years, considering the advance of semiconductor design and manufacturing. |
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http://www.firewiremax.com/inidepcienad.html
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| | Security and Encryption Links |
| | Bibliography on molecular computing, including attacking encryption systems using molecular computers. | | | The world's best transparent disk encryption software for DOS and Windows (this has nothing to do with the fact the I'm the author :-). | | | Provides most interesting reading since the bits they didn't want the public to see are now highlighted in red. |
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http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~yasinsac/links.htm
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| | 128-bit vs. 40-bit Encryption |
| | On the other hand, 40-bit SSL encryption is known to be vulnerable even to attacks that use only rudimentary computational resources. | | | The strongest encryption available in today's browsers is 128-bit, meaning the SSL session key is 128-bits in length. | | | Ketchcom Development uses the most advanced SSL (secure sockets layer) technology currently available for online commerce. |
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http://www.ketchcom.net/128bit.html
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| | Digital Home |
| | I entered the same 26-digit encryption code I created for my router. | | | Based on the past history of improvements in computer performance, security experts expect that 128-bit encryption will work well on the Internet for at least the next ten years. | | | I scanned for available networks and again found two. |
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http://www.intel.com/personal/digital_home/home.htm
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| | SecuriTeam.com ™ - Cracking S/MIME encryption using idle CPU time |
| | Breaking such encryption is very feasible using today's computation power. | | | This 40-bit search is feasible on today's strong computers, and Counterpane systems found a way to do it even faster; a weakness in the RC2 encryption algorithm speeds up the search considerably. | | | This source code can be used to decrypt other algorithms: simply replace the decryption code with your own. |
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http://www.securiteam.com/tools/3J5PRQ0PPQ.html
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| | Encryption Standard 40 Bit |
| | These files come with Windows NT/2000 4.0 and are included in Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 3.0 and above. | | | If you have Windows 95 then you must have Windows 95 OSR2 or later (or Windows 95 with IE 3.02 or later). | | | The Fastest Most Robust SSH2 / Telnet Server Available for Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 2003 and Windows XP Standard Encryption |
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http://www.georgiasoftworks.com/docs/encryption_40.htm
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| | 128 Bit Encryption Software: Collection of encryption algorithms; allows you to encrypt a PDF (40 and 128 bits). |
| | The encryption system where your own computer is your unique key. | | | Easy to use strong file encryption, integrated with Windows Explorer. | | | function, files, file, string, library, program, atma software, 1crypt, rijndael, encrypt, strong, encryption, application app, strings, functions, 256 bit |
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http://www.soft411.com/software/128-bit-encryption_3.html
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| | Linux PR: Two new strong encryption options for LinuxPPC version of Netscape |
| | Since it contains the weaker 40-bit encryption, it is considered an export-grade browser. | | | Information about the software and its use can be found at | | | MADISON, Wisc. -- October 19, 1999 -- In a rare combination of events, LinuxPPC Inc. and Fortify Inc. both released software that strengthens the encryption technology in the LinuxPPC version of Netscape Communicator. |
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http://linuxpr.com/releases/537.html
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| | Fortified Netscape |
| | For example, any attempt to download a 128-bit encryption product from Netscape's web site will be effectively blocked if the originating domain is not U.S. based. | | | This is now possible because of Netscape's decision to make the source code of its browsers publicly available. | | | Scroll down a page and you'll see the following text: "This version supports U.S. security with RSA Public Key cryptography." Another way to check your browser's encryption level (before or after patching, for Netscape or any other browser), is to access the following page on Fortify's website: |
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http://www.tprthai.net/fortify.htm
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| | Skyline and 40-bit vs 64-bit WEP Encryption |
| | The standard WEP encryption accepts a five-byte sequence from the user and combines it with three bytes from the 802.11b header for a total of eight bytes or 64 bits. | | | Thus "40-bit" describes the length of the user-supplied key, while "64-bit" describes the whole binary number used for encryption, but both terms describe the same level of security and are compatible with each other. | | | Farallon and other manufacturers have used the phrase "40-bit" to describe the WEP encryption supported by the PN473 Skyline Wireless PC Card, while others have refered to the same level of encryption as "64-bit," resulting in confusion as to which products are compatible. |
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http://www.proxim.com/support/all/skyline/technotes/tn2001-08-03.html
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| | 128-bit Encryption and Website Security |
| | With the increasing computing power of potential criminals, it is becoming more necessary to employ larger keys, as evidenced by a recent study by several leading cryptographers. | | | High encryption is included in the latest versions of the Internet Explorer browser. | | | From your toolbar click File > Help > About Internet Explorer. |
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http://www.monsteradcompany.com/ordering/secure.html
(393 words)
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| | VMS - About 128-bit Encryption |
| | You should see your encryption level listed there as the "Cypher Strength." If it is not at 128-bit you will need to upgrade it. | | | To check your current encryption level in Internet Explorer, click on the Help menu and select About Internet Explorer. | | | Retrieving PSandR Summary Reports from the VMS web site is one example. |
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http://www.veritusmedicare.com/provider/reports/about_128.html
(169 words)
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| | SSL Security |
| | 40 bit encryption is supposedly crackable in minutes without too much computing power. | | | As for sniffing the easiest way to do it is to have access to (or crack into) a computer along the path. | | | Both are small, and easy to apply, and both remove the code which blocks encryption at the 128 bit level. |
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http://rhea.redhat.com/bboard-archive/webdb/0005fI.html
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| | SBS 4.5 Clients Use 40-bit Encryption (236594) |
| | If you have a computer running Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 with 128-bit encryption and you install the BackOffice Small Business Server (SBS) client software by running the SBS client Setup disk and logging on to the SBS computer, the server may be silently downgraded to a 40-bit version. | | | This file is the 40-bit version of Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 4 (SP4). | | | This behavior occurs because the service pack file (SP4i386.exe) is installed as part of the SBS client software from the \\ |
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http://wwwtest.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.microsoft.com/MISC/KB/en-us/236/594.HTM
(135 words)
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| | MPCUG Internet SIGs - 01/20/2000 |
| | To use them beyond the lower 40/56-bit encryption with email, you will have to first update the browser to 128-bit cipher strenth. | | | The only two email programs I currently know of that natively support S/MIME (Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) are Microsoft's Outlook/Outlook Express and Netscape's Communicator. | | | Check your browser's encryption strength (US browsers should show "RC4 cipher, 128-bit key") |
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http://mpcug.artoo.net/2000-01-20.html
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| | ENMAX |
| | This technology is the most secure that is currently available on the market today. | | | Install an anti-virus software and update it frequently. | | | Don't send us confidential information via Internet e-mail. |
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http://www.enmax.com/Corporation/Web+Help/Web+Tips/Web+Security.htm
(391 words)
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| | Community CPS - Web-Link - Important Information for Netscape Browser Users |
| | Standard versions of internet browsers normally do not support levels of encryption greater than 40 bit or 56 bit, by order of the US Government. | | | We have recently discovered that 40 bit versions of Netscape browsers do not, step up to 128 bit encryption. | | | Members who use Netscape browser with 40 or 56 bit encryption levels will get an error message when trying to access the CPS Web-link site. |
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http://www.cpsact.com.au/web_link/netscape.html
(250 words)
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| | Crypto-Gram: March 15, 2002 |
| | A naive read of the paper implies that factoring is now significantly easier using the machine described in the paper, and that keys as long as 2048 bits can now be broken. | | | I don't like the way the document is written: there are so many suggestions and so few requirements that someone could do almost anything and then claim to be following the document. | | | I don't believe in the factor of n - 3n length improvement. |
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http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0203.html
(7117 words)
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| | Terrorist PCs cracked - Computeract!ve |
| | Of the thousands of files stored on the machines some of the more interesting documents, including a number that may relate to 'Shoe Bomber' Richard Reid, were encrypted using Windows 2000's standard 40-bit DES Encrypting File System. | | | Using a cluster of computers, the Wall Street Journal managed to crack the 40-bit encryption keys. | | | But this took five days as the computers had to cycle through over a trillion different keys. |
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http://msn.computeractive.co.uk/vnunet/news/2117242/terrorist-pcs-cracked
(358 words)
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| | Agile Integration Services :: Leveraging technology to do and know more with less cost and effort. |
| | following: Information systems are a key target, with more than 40% of the PhDs employed in the field in 2001 (the most recent year of available data) being foreign-born (compared with 10% of all PhD scientists and engineers overall in the U.S.). | | | From the October 14, 2005 issue of Small Business Computing Newsletter | | | 40- or 64-bit HEX WEP code has 10 characters |
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http://www.dnlt.com
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| | HunTel.net -- OnLine Banking |
| | The recipient then has the responsibility of descrambling the code. | | | Send us the link information to be listed here. | | | More information on encryption is available from Netscape and Microsoft |
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http://www.huntel.net/home/links/banking.htm
(509 words)
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| | The Magical Mystical Crypto-Primer 2 |
| | "Blocks" are chunks of text, "iterations" are separate encryption steps that your algorithm takes on the blocks. | | | Your clipboard is just the way-station, so where better to use encryption and decryption functions? | | | Okay, let me assume for the sake of easiness that you're going to be running PGP on some flavor of windows or possibly on a mac. |
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http://www.secinf.net/info/misc/harmless/gtmhh/3_8_2.html
(3547 words)
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| | Content-scrambling system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It uses a weak, proprietary 40-bit encryption stream cipher algorithm. | | | Content-Scrambling System (CSS) is an encryption system used on some DVDs. | | | The CSS key sets are licensed to manufactors who incorporate them into products such as DVD drives, DVD players and DVD movie releases. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-scrambling_system
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| | 1024-bit encryption is 'compromised' - Computeract!ve |
| | The Financial Cryptography conference earlier this month, which largely focused on a paper published by cryptographer Dan Bernstein last October detailing integer factoring methodologies, revealed "significant practical security implications impacting the overwhelming majority of deployed systems utilising RSA as the public key algorithm". | | | According to a security debate sparked off by cryptography expert Lucky Green on Bugtraq yesterday, 1,024-bit RSA encryption should be "considered compromised". |
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http://msn.computeractive.co.uk/2118141
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| | Feds Relax Encryption Rules |
| | By merely upping the strength of the exportable software from 40 to 56 bits, the government has hardly changed course, said Zimmermann. | | | Encryption software vendors are singing a much different tune. | | | In February, Cylink, Digital Equipment, and Trusted Information Systems were allowed to export this technology on the condition that law enforcement be given the means to unlock the data. |
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http://www.efc.ca/pages/media/wired-news.16sep98a.html
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| | Download details: Updated 128-Bit Encryption Provider for Outlook 2000 SR-1 |
| | If you are using Windows 2000, you do not need this update. | | | On the Help menu, click About Microsoft Outlook. | | | If you see Cipher Strength 40 bits or Cipher Strength 56 bits under Microsoft Outlook 2000, you are using 40-bit or 56-bit encryption. |
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http://office.microsoft.com/downloads/2000/Out128.aspx
(387 words)
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| | 40-bit Encryption Inadequate |
| | The coded message, which read "This is why you should use a longer key." was posted on 1/27/97 as a challenge on the Internet by RSA Data Security, Inc. | | | In December the U.S. government began permiting the export of software containing encryption codes of 56-bits, but only under condition that law enforcement agencies be able to intercept and decypher transimissions generated with such software. | | | Increased business traffic over the Internet furt her magnifies the need for sophisticated encryption software. |
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http://www.nyls.edu/cmc/papers/code40.htm
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| | How hard is it to decode the encryption protecting my personal information? |
| | Security information is in the bottom half of the Document info window. | | | A 40-bit key offers over a trillion (a million million) possible code combinations, and the only way to crack the code is to try each possibility, one at a time. | | | SSL-based encryption comes in two sizes: the 40-bit ("low" or "weak") or 128-bit ("high" or "strong") level. |
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http://www.aibn.com/help/Advisories/decode.html
(279 words)
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| | AurGroup Credit Union |
| | For a detailed description of what the information means (Netscape Users) click here. | | | This will tell you the version number and the encryption that you are currently using. | | | To use AurGroup@Home you will need to use Netscape 4.x or higher, or Internet Explorer 4.x or higher. |
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http://www.aurgroup.com/online_systemrequirements.html
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| | mod_ssl: Related, SSL-aware Web Clients |
| | The strong cryptography (128 Bit) for Mozilla, based on OpenSSL | | | The SSL extension for Lynx, based on OpenSSL (128 Bit) | | | The open-source variant of Netscape Navigator (only 40 Bit Encryption) |
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http://www.modssl.org/related/client.html
(80 words)
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| | README.GlobalID |
| | As you usually know, export-grade versions of Netscape Communicator are restricted to 40-bit cryptography because of the US laws (ITAR). | | | This is important because without Fortify'ing your browser, it's limited to 40-bit encryption facilities, which are substantially weaker, and have been demonstrated to be 'crackable'. | | | To overcome this restriction Fortify [1] regularly produces a program which can be used to patch-up the various export-grade Netscape Navigator (v3) and Communicator (v4) version to allow full strength cryptography with 128-bit encryption and 1024-bit key generation. |
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http://sven.mayer.net/university/diplom/referenzen/README.GlobalID.html
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| | Scripting News |
| | Email programs that support encryption: Outlook Express in Win98, Outlook 97 for Windows 95. | | | SJ Merc: Push features in MSIE 4.0 freak out users. | | | Yes, it's true, there are still people who use System 6. |
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http://www.scripting.com/97/09/default.html
(3838 words)
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| | SSL Certificate FAQ from VeriSign, Inc. |
| | What do I need to know about Windows 2000 and 128-bit encryption? | | | What level of encryption do I need for my Web site? | | | Is 128-bit SSL encryption really stronger than 40-bit SSL encryption? |
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http://www.verisign.com/products/site/faq/128-bit.html
(398 words)
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| | RPC, RAS, PPTP (40-bit) Encryption Added to Windows NT 4.0 French Version |
| | NOTE: The information in this article applies to the French version%3 of Windows NT 4.0. | | | Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in Windows NT 4.0 and Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition. | | | This problem was first corrected in Windows NT Server version 4.0, Terminal Server Edition Service Pack 6. |
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http://support.microsoft.com/kb/229647
(286 words)
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