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| | 64-bit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | In computer architecture, 64-bit is an adjective used to describe integers, memory addresses or other data units that are at most 64 bits (8 octets) wide, or to describe CPU and ALU architectures based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. | | | Without further qualification, however, a computer architecture described as "64-bit" generally has integer registers that are 64 bits wide and thus directly supports dealing both internally and externally with 64-bit "chunks" of integer data. | | | While 64-bit architectures indisputably make working with huge data sets in applications such as digital video, scientific computing, and large databases easier, there has been considerable debate as to whether they or their 32-bit compatibility modes will be faster than comparably-priced 32-bit systems for other tasks. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit
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| | AMD64 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This is unlike Intel's IA-64, where differences in the underlying ISA means that running 32-bit code is like using an entirely different processor. | | | LLP64 data model: "int" and "long" types are still 32 bits wide, while pointers and types derived from pointers are 64 bits wide. | | | However, on AMD64, 32 bit x86 applications may still benefit from a 64-bit recompile, due to the additional registers in 64-bit code, which a high-level compiler can use for optimization. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD64
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| | Making code 64 bit clean |
| | On a 32 bit machine this structure would be a nice convenient 16 bytes in length; however on a 64 bit machine it turns out that it is 24 bytes and actually the best thing would be to leave dummy out. | | | As a Linux/Alpha user I often have the problem of getting code to work on my 64 bit machine. | | | So care must be taken with long's, in addition for pointers %p should always be used rather than %x (since this would have to be %lx on 64 bit systems). |
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http://www.advogato.org/article/97.html
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| | Ars Technica: An Introduction to 64-bit Computing and x86-64 - Page 1 - (3/2003) |
| | You should notice that not all of the data in either memory, the cache, or the registers is 64-bit data. | | | When I first heard that AMD had plans to extend the x86 ISA to 64 bits, I thought it was a terrible idea. | | | Rather, the data sizes are mixed, with 64 bits being the widest. |
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http://arstechnica.com/cpu/03q1/x86-64/x86-64-1.html
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| | TheKSBWChannel.com - Technology - The 64-Bit Question |
| | The move from 32 bits to 64 is unlikely to bring the same sort of quantum jump in speed or capabilities that we got moving from 16 bits to 32. | | | But while the payoff moving from a 16-bit address space (or 20-bits, if you consider the 8088s segmented architecture) to 32 bits was huge, the move from 32 bits to 64 bits will barely be noticed by most computer users. | | | While 64 bits is new to the world of x86, other microprocessors made the transition to 64 bits back in the 1990s. |
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http://www.theksbwchannel.com/technology/3382556/detail.html
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| | BetaNews Microsoft Completes 64-Bit Windows |
| | Besides Xeon, Intel processors are 32 bit based processors, so, to have any serious advantage in a 64 bit based platform you need 64 bit length memory words and 64 bit processing chunks... | | | I hope the 64 bit xp operating system is written better than the web page representing a trial version that can be downloaded free of charge. | | | An OS that is made for the 64 bit cpu, games and apps in the near future made for the system, will be worth the money spent on the 64 bit system |
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http://www.betanews.com/article/Microsoft_Completes_64Bit_Windows/1112279825
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| | NewsForge 64-bit Linux and BSD are maturing steadily |
| | We knew about Intel's 64 bit contingency plans for years, and we knew that the writing was on the wall for 32 bit silicon. | | | In summary, I would suggest that making Linux work on these 'johny come lately' 64 bit platforms from Intel and AMD has been made a lot easier because of folks who have spent the last decade getting it to work on other 64 bit platforms. | | | I have been running 64 bit linux on my Alpha at home since 1998. |
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http://os.newsforge.com/os/05/03/30/1242206.shtml?tid=152&tid=2&tid=150&tid=74
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| | AMD64 Solutions |
| | AMD64 is designed to enable simultaneous 32- and 64-bit computing with no degradation in performance. | | | AMD64 processors like the AMD Opteron and AMD Athlon 64 processors are compatible with today’s hardware and software and smooth the transition to the next crucial step in the evolution of the personal computer, workstation, server, and supercomputing cluster. | | | With AMD64, businesses of all sizes and consumers can protect their investments and fully leverage their hardware, software, and knowledge of existing standards while adopting a world-class solution for their current and future computing needs. |
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http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9331,00.html
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| | Porting Linux applications to 64-bit systems |
| | As with UNIX® and other UNIX-like operating systems, Linux uses the LP64 standard, where pointers and long integers are 64 bits but regular integers remain 32-bit entities. | | | The effort to port an application from 32 bits to 64 bits might range from trivial to very difficult, depending on how these applications were written and maintained. | | | As far as language implementation is concerned, the current C language standard allows the "long long" data type to be at least 64 bits. |
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http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-port64.html?ca=dgr-lnxwPort64
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| | VolkerW's WebLog : Who needs 64-bit? |
| | My gut tells me that by the time XP 64 is fully implemented my hardware will be obsolete anyway whether I buy a 64 or 32 bit processor today. | | | My point is that with 64 bit the costly and time consuming redesign that we are facing just would not have been needed. | | | I think that the change to 64 bit will happen faster that 16 to 32 bit, beacuse AMD already is selling 64 bit proccesors that are backward-compatible, so people won't mind bying them. |
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http://blogs.msdn.com/volkerw/archive/2005/02/11/371108.aspx
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| | EUI64.html |
| | The byte and bit representations for this EUI-64 value are illustrated below: | | | The IEEE defined 64-bit global identifier (EUI-64) is assigned by a manufacturer who has been assigned a company_id value by the IEEE Registration Authority. | | | The 64-bit identifier is a concatenation of the 24-bit company_id value assigned by the IEEE Registration Authority and a 40 bit extension identifier assigned by the organization with that company_id assignment. |
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http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html
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| | OCModShop: 64 bits Frequently Asked Questions |
| | For the crib sheet to that, 64 bit Integer calculations are one of the things that make 64 bit CPUs so great - they can make 64 bit calculations in hardware rather than emulating it with a bunch of 32 bit calculations. | | | They use 64 bit addresses and truncate them internally to save on die space. | | | The 40 bit physical memory addressing means a maximum of 1 TB physical memory, coupled with 256 TB of logical address space (this includes virtual memory and allows for tons of large, contiguous blocks of unused address space). |
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http://www.ocmodshop.com/ocmodshop.aspx?a=242
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| | 64-bit computing in theory and practice - The Tech Report - Page 1 |
| | Read on for our take on the move to 64 bits, including a look at the performance of the latest CPUs in Windows XP Pro x64 Edition with both 32 and 64-bit applications. | | | In order to help you navigate through the hype, we nabbed a pair of 64-bit processors from AMD and Intel and tested them with the latest release candidate of the 64-bit version of Windows XP. | | | The essence of the move to 64-bit computing is a set of extensions to the x86 intruction set pioneered by AMD and now known as AMD64. |
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http://techreport.com/reviews/2005q1/64-bits/index.x?pg=1
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| | Eileen Brown's WebLog : Exchange 12 - 64 bit only! |
| | I also unserstand that during the betas, there will be both a 32 bit and 64 bit version of Exchange 12 so you can compare the performance gains. | | | While new hardware may not be required, more than likely the 64-bit version of Windows will be. | | | The product team have been testing E12 on 32 bit and 64 bit, and have found some significant gains and a reduction of IOs per second which results in really good performance gains. |
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http://blogs.technet.com/eileen_brown/archive/2005/11/15/e12_64bit_only.aspx
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| | Visual C++ Developer Center: 64-Bit Programming |
| | The current version of 64-bit Windows supports the x64 and Intel Itanium Processor Family, and is built for the highest levels of scalability. | | | Microsoft Program Manager Kang Su Gatlin gives developers the information needed to confront data alignment problems critical to the performance of 64- and 32-bit applications developed for the Microsoft Windows XP and Microsoft Windows Server 2003 platforms. | | | Windows Server System integrated server software helps organizations scale up beyond the limits of the 32-bit x86 architecture, with support for up to 64 processors and one terabyte of memory. |
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http://msdn.microsoft.com/visualc/using/building/64bit/default.aspx
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| | Adaptec Article: PCI, 64-Bit and 66-MHz Benefits |
| | Since the OS plays a huge role in system performance by addressing and transferring data to and from memory, when the OS supports only 32-bits when the hardware supports 64 bits, the system is still somewhat limited. | | | To create a 64-bit driver, you must modify the DMA descriptors to address 64 bits of memory so the hardware can access the pointers to the data in this memory range. | | | During an address phase, AD[64::32] is used to send the upper 32-bits of a 64-bit address or during a data phase, an additional 32-bits of data. |
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http://www.adaptec.com/worldwide/product/markeditorial.html?prodkey=pci64bit&cat=/Technology/SCSI/&type=SCSI
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| | AskTom "32 bit or 64 bit" |
| | I found that the 64-bit Intel Xeon MP can still operate some of our 32-bit software, which may not yet be compatible with a 64-bit operating system. | | | I have been searching for recent information about 64 bit Intel Chips and compatibility with Oracle 9i. | | | Excellent info about 32 and 64 bit softwares |
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http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/ask/f?p=4950:8:::::F4950_P8_DISPLAYID:1512005480694
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| | LWN: The 64-bit question |
| | You are a developer, and you want to create and test binaries for both 32 and 64 bit system without rebooting. | | | The free software you want to use does support x86_64, but has some quirks there which don't show up on the 32 bit version. | | | Although the chroot solution gives you all the libs you could ever want, "apt-get install ia32-libs" will give you the most commonly used ones for use directly in a 64 bit environment. |
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http://lwn.net/Articles/89825
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| | BBC NEWS Programmes Click Online 64-bit launch showcases Longhorn |
| | Crudely the amount of bits a system can use describes how much information it can take in or manipulate with each tick of the very fast clock that helps co-ordinate everything a computer does. | | | And to many people's surprise, just after it announced the new Windows 64, it presented a work in progress of the next version of Windows - code-named Longhorn. | | | Playing with more information at every possible moment means an instant speed boost because in one tick twice the work can be done of a system half as fast. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/click_online/4521013.stm
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| | zseries |
| | Of course 64 bit architectures are not new, Compaq (or Digital as it was then) released the 64 bit Alpha chip back in the early 90s, and the proprietary Unix vendors are no strangers to them either. | | | Well in many cases, the answer might very well be hardly anything at all, especially given that the 64 bit support relates to REAL storage support rather than VIRTUAL storage support. | | | The ESA announcement of the 90s was not a major change at all, nor was the repackaging of the MVS operating system as OS/390, but embracing 64 bits is a significant modification. |
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http://www.aig.qc.ca/mvs/zseries.html
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| | 64-BIT PROGRAMMING MODELS |
| | Key issues facing the industry are the interchange of data between 64 and 32-bit systems (in some cases on the same system) and the cost of maintaining software in both environments. | | | Most ints in existing programs can remain as 32 bits in a 64-bit environment; only a small number are expected to be the same size as pointers or longs. | | | LP64 (also known as 4/8/8) denotes long and pointer as 64 bit types, ILP64 (also known as 8/8/8) means int, long and pointer are 64 bit types and LLP64 (also known as 4/4/8) adds a new type (long long) and pointer as 64 bit types. |
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http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lp64_wp.html
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| | AMD Athlon64 - 64-bit vs. 32-bit Head On Comparison - PCStats.com |
| | In this article PCstats will examine the performance of the AMD Athlon 64 processor using conventional Windows XP and 32-bit benchmarking software, and compare those results to the same tests using the 64-bit 'x64 edition' beta version of Windows XP. | | | For comparison purposes, we also tested the performance of the 64-bit XP beta using both 32-bit and 64-bit benchmarking programs in the 64-bit environment. | | | A new era of 64-bit computing is coming though, and it got us to thinking... |
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http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1665
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| | Wired News: Will You Need AMD When It's 64? |
| | Used for many years in workstations and servers, 64-bit CPUs deliver a performance boost by processing 64 bits of data with each computing cycle, compared to the 32-bit process used in most mainstream PC chips today. | | | For example, the Athlon 64 3000+ is roughly equivalent to a 3 GHz Intel Pentium 4 processor, according to AMD. | | | The naming scheme is an attempt by AMD to abolish the practice of using the chip's clock rate as a metric of its performance -- a practice promoted chiefly by rival Intel. |
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http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,60561,00.html
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| | You Had Me At EHLO... : Exchange 12 and 64-bit |
| | x64 can run 32 bit Windows and Exchange 2003 until you are ready to move to 64 bit Windows with Exchange 12. | | | Existing (In use) X64 compatible hardware is a bit of a waste of time isnt it, when the only way to migrate is to "move mailboxes" to a new Windows/Exchange12 64bit server! | | | Unfortunately, the optimizations we have made for the 64-bit platform cause the 32-bit platform to perform worse in many cases. |
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http://blogs.technet.com/exchange/archive/2005/12/29/416613.aspx
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| | NetBSD/sparc64 |
| | Additionally, NetBSD/sparc64 is able to run Solaris 64 and 32 bit binaries with emulation (see compat_solaris(8)) and the pkgsrc package | | | A 64-bit kernel runs 64-bit binaries, and has support for running most 32-bit binaries as well, with the exception of some low level kernel groveling tools. | | | For frequently asked questions and links to Sun hardware information, see the NetBSD/sparc64 FAQ. |
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http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sparc64
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| | PCWorld.com - 64-Bit Takes Off |
| | In time, 64-bit PCs could change the face of desktop computing. | | | 64-bit desktop computing has taken a significant step toward becoming a pervasive reality: AMD's release of its Athlon 64 chips--and Apple's launch of its G5 CPUs--means 64-bit processors, once reserved for servers and high-end workstations, are now in PCs available on retail shelves. | | | (For more on Apple's 64-bit platform, and its G5's performance versus Athlon 64 PCs, see "64-Bit Computing According to Apple." |
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http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,112749,00.asp
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| | Athlon 64 FX-53 Gets 64-bit Far Cry - MegaGames hardware |
| | The AMD Athlon 64 FX processor delivers what no other PC processor, for the time being can: 32 and 64-bit computing. | | | Leading video game publisher Ubisoft will release a 32-bit version of the much-anticipated action game later this month, and plans to introduce a 64-bit beta version shortly thereafter. | | | Specifically designed for gamers and PC enthusiasts, the AMD Athlon 64 FX processor has not been able, yet, to fully utilize its advantages due to lack of 64-bit application support. |
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http://www.megagames.com/news/html/hardware/athlon64fx-53gets64-bitfarcry.shtml
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| | Understanding 64-bit PowerPC architecture |
| | The IBM white paper, "An Introduction to 64-bit Computing and the IBM PowerPC 970FX", provides an overview of 64-bit computing and discusses the advantages of a 64-bit operating system environment (IBM, April 2004). | | | "PowerPC Microprocessor Family: Programming Environments Manual for 64 and 32-bit Microprocessors" (in PDF) Software Reference Manual can help you develop software that is compatible across the entire family of 64 and 32-bit PowerPC processors (IBM, June 2003). | | | Capable of addressing an astronomical 18 billion GB, or 18 exabytes, of memory, 64-bit integers also accelerate complex mathematical calculations through their ability to perform calculations directly on 64-bit numbers, as well as performing multiple operations on smaller numbers within a single CPU cycle (see Resources for the definition of exabyte). |
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http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/pa-microdesign/?ca=dgr-lnxw0164BitPowerPC
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