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| | The Affricates |
 | | These phoneme sequences could be considered affricates; in English, however, they occur only in syllable-final position and are thus considered as allophones of a plosive plus a fricative. | | | The affricates are the only example of a stop plus fricative combination which can occur in syllable-initial position in English. | | | See Figures 1 and 2 for examples of affricates. |
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http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/cse551html/cse551/node40.html
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| | Lojban - TheBestLinks.com - ASCII, Artificial language, Affricate, Cartesian coordinate system, ... |
| | Lojban, ASCII, Artificial language, Affricate, Cartesian coordinate system... | | | Lojban - TheBestLinks.com - ASCII, Artificial language, Affricate, Cartesian coordinate system,... | | | Two frequent combinations are the affricates tc [tS] and dj [dZ], which represent one sound (phoneme) each in English but are considered a combination of two phonemes in Lojban. |
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http://www.thebestlinks.com/Lojban.html
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| | hist1.htm |
| | change of a glide to an affricate in word initial position | | | segmental simplification of an affricate to a fricative |
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http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~irenem/hist1.htm
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| | The Tower of Babel |
| | affricate; in some Lezghian languages (Rutul, Shakhdagh) it is functionally | | | On the other hand, in West Caucasian languages the opposition in palatalization between affricates is usual, and one has to mark it carefully. | | | ´º - voiceless (aspirated) palatalized labialized hushing affricate |
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http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/pref1.htm
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| | Acoustic analysis of singleton and geminate affricates in Italian |
| | In Table IV, it is possible to see that error percentages for affricates are worse compared to those obtained for other classes of consonants. | | | For affricates, it was found that the average difference between singles and geminates in terms of V1d is 38 ms (»-25% for geminates), in C1d is 51 ms (»+62%for geminates), in C2d is 27 ms (»+28% for geminates) while considering the whole consonant Cd=C1d+C2d the difference is 78ms (»+44% for geminates). | | | The analyzed words in the present study were therefore 3 for each affricate consonant (which are [ʧ, ʤ, ʦ, ʣ] and their geminate version) and 6 for each speaker in three repetitions, leading to a total of 3x4x2x6x3=432 utterances (216 singletons and 216 geminates). |
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http://www.essex.ac.uk/web-sls/papers/01-01/submission.htm
(3460 words)
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| | ipswebhome |
| | Affricate: A consonant sound produced with a complete closure between two articulators and with velic closure preventing air escaping via the nasal cavity. | | | In many languages one (or more) syllables in a word are produced louder and longer than others. | | | An example from English: the word ten which is /ten/ in most environments may become /tem/ if the following word begins with a bilabial consonant, as for example in the phrase ten books, which may be pronounced /tem bUks/. |
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http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/ips/ipsweb_glossary.htm
(5447 words)
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| | Speech Group Achievements 2001 |
| | For stops, the overall discriminant analysis classification score is 75% correct classification for all vowel types and all speakers; for nasals, the overall correct classification score is 57%; and for fricatives and affricates, the correct classification is 85%. | | | With 12 cues, the overall classification score between stops and fricative or affricate consonant is close to 100%. | | | In addition, the aspirated consonant /h/ is compared with fricatives and affricates in order to assess the capability of differentiating frication and aspiration. |
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http://web.mit.edu/speech/www/2001achieve.html
(3796 words)
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| | GroMye2000.html |
| | For example, at the end of a word followed immediately by another word (i.e., in the word-final, nonprepausal position) only 36% of the occurrences of /t/ in their data (N=363) were complete, consisting of both a closure and a burst. | | | In fact, when the stop consonant /t/ arrives in the working memory, at least five list chunks that are themselves words -- ATE, RAY, GRAY, RATE, and GREAT -- can be assumed to be in active competition to establish a resonance with the phonemic codes in working memory. | | | As items become rapidly activated by their partially compressed auditory codes, they are stored in a working memory that preserves them on a slower time scale, even as they activate list chunks. |
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http://www.cns.bu.edu/Profiles/Grossberg/GroMye00.html
(17879 words)
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| | Syllable structure |
| | An example of the affricate /ts/ is above in the word /si.tsi.ka/ for ‘another’ and an example of the affricate /ks/ is in the word /a.wak.ksis/ for ‘chewing gum’. | | | Most languages consider /ts/ as common affricate but similar findings for /ks/ have not been found across languages. | | | Most all consonants found in the Blackfoot language (please refer to the section on Blackfoot sounds) can occupy the onset position except for a few, which are /h/, /w/, and /y/. |
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http://www.fp.ucalgary.ca/howed/syllable_structure.htm
(1097 words)
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| | Hexapedia - List of linguistic topics |
| | N naming - nasal consonant - natural language - natural language processing - natural language understanding - neologism - neurolinguistics - nominative case - noun - noun phrase - null morpheme | | | U umlaut - uninflected word - Universal grammar - uvular consonant | | | O onomatopoeia - open class word - Optimality Theory - origin of language - orthography - OSV - OVS - oxytone |
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http://www.hexafind.com/encyclopedia/List_of_linguistic_topics
(471 words)
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| | affricate -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Sometimes the affricates ch and j are also considered as sibilants. | | | Examples of affricates are the ch sound in English chair, which may be represented phonetically as a t sound followed by sh; the j in English jaw (a d followed by the zh sound heard in French... | | | The liquid consonant l and the nasal m, n, ng (as in “sing”) are normally voiced in English, and the stops, fricatives, and affricates characteristically possess... |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003919?tocId=9003919
(471 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 6.490: German Affricates |
| | We must assume an affricate where either the stop or the fricative is not otherwise found in the language. | | | While phonemic affricates make good sense in many instances in many languages, there seems to be no reason to worry about whether there are phonetic affricates in *any* language -- even Spanish, where [s^] occurs only after [t]. | | | Thus Spanish [ts^] must be analyzed as a unit affricate phoneme /c^/, since there is no [s^] otherwise in Castillian or American pronunciation. |
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http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/linguist/issues/6/6-490.html
(471 words)
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| | Ņaranis Grammar |
| | The original consonant that should be used when the language is written is easy to determine. | | | Ņaranis uses what is known as a triconsonantal root system, in which three core consonants can be pulled out of nearly every word in the language. | | | Ideally, each rìnu'ah would have exactly one conjugation pattern that could be applied to any root. |
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http://www.thegreatsleep.com/serakus/language/naranis/grammar.html
(4689 words)
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| | hist1.htm |
| | change of a glide to an affricate in word initial position | | | segmental simplification of an affricate to a fricative | | | vowel becomes nasalized when next to a nasal consonant |
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http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~irenem/hist1.htm
(1422 words)
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| | Speech perception in rats: Use of duration and rise time cues in labeling of affricate/fricative sounds. |
| | The nonspeech continua were chosen so that if transfer occurred, it would indicate whether the animals had learned to use rise time or duration cues to differentiate affricates from fricatives. | | | Transfer (without retraining) to analogous nonspeech continua was also tested. | | | The data from 9 of 10 rats indicated that rats can discriminate between these cues and do so in a similar manner to human subjects. |
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http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/abstracts/JeabAbstracts/80/_80-205.htm
(1422 words)
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| | Maya Symbol Set Information |
| | c# (ch) alveopalatal affricate, as in the onset of the word chair | | | The same type of logic involved in the choice of <#> instead of is relevant in these cases: it is related to the nature of the ASCII codes. | | | A few consonants are represented by combining a letter with <#>: |
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http://maya.hum.sdu.dk/mayansymbols.html
(1422 words)
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| | Udi text - Sparrow's Deal |
| | Special Codes: = voiceless uvular fricative; = voiced uvular fricative; = voiceless palatal affricate; = voiceless palatal fricative; = voiced palatal affricate>; = voiceless palato-alveolar fricative; vowel + <’> = pharyngealized vowel; consonantal stop/affricate + <’> = glottalized stop/affricate. | | | See the Udi Online Grammar for a description of Udi. |
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http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~wschulze/choval.htm
(1422 words)
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| | Describing consonants |
| | An affricate is a single sound composed of a stop portion and a fricative portion. | | | In a fricative consonant, the articulators involved in the constriction approach get close enough to each other to create a turbluent airstream. | | | Pay attention to what you are doing with your tongue when you say the first consonant of [lif] leaf. |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/phonetics/articulation/describing-consonants.html
(1759 words)
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| | HLW: Word Forms: Units (Printer-Friendly) |
| | Spanish and Japanese also have stops and affricates at four different positions, and three of these are roughly the same as for English, but alveolar is replaced by dental place of articulation, that is, with the tongue tip against the upper teeth rather than against the alveolar ridge. | | | The voiceless postalveolar affricate is the first and last consonant in the word church; it is symbolized by /c/ in this book, so the pronunciation of church is written /c@rc/. | | | The voiceless fricative appears at the beginning and end of the word shush. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/PhonUnits/pf2.html
(8515 words)
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| | Affricate consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Affricates may also be contrasted by palatalization, as in the Erzya language, where voiceless alveolar, postalveolar and palatal affricates are contrasted. | | | Labialized, palatalized, velarized, and pharyngealized affricates also occur. | | | Affricates and stop-fricative sequences are also distinguished phonemically. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affricate_consonant
(8515 words)
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| | eng_33.htm |
| | The "SKS" cluster begin with a simple "S" and then adds the "KS" affricate you just practiced. | | | Speakers from many languages fail to pronounce all stages consonant clusters.....combinations of two or more consonant clusters, at the ends of words. | | | Pay particular attention if your first language is Spanish, or any of the East Asian Languages. |
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http://andy.sut.ac.th/american/eng_33.htm
(531 words)
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| | Xu - UPSID Language Profile |
| | segaff(n, [voiceless, aspirated, palato_alveolar, sibilant, affricate], [hindi_urdu, bengali, punjabi, e_armenian, osmanli, mongolian, korean, igbo, ga, swahili, kharia, khmer, sui, lungchow, taishan, burmese, lahu, haida, navaho, chipewyan, tolowa, mazahua, yana, tarascan, zuni, acoma, wiyot, dakota, yuchi, tunica, quechua, jaqaru, wapishana, amuesha, cofan, kota, gilyak, georgian, lak, burushaski, xu]). | | | segcl(n, [voiceless, aspirated, palatal, lateral, affricated, click], [xu]). | | | segaff(n, [voiceless, palato_alveolar, sibilant, ejective, affricate], [e_armenian, zulu, tigre, amharic, dizi, haida, tlingit, navaho, chipewyan, tolowa, hupa, wintu, chontal, k7ekchi, mazahua, nootka, quileute, squamish, puget_sound, yana, shasta, zuni, acoma, dakota, yuchi, wappo, itonama, quechua, jaqaru, gununa_kena, georgian, lak, xu]). |
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http://www.langmaker.com/db/ups_xu.htm
(531 words)
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| | Kolagian Orthography |
| | For example, few Kolagian languages use the phonetic sound represented as [c], a voiceless palatal stop, but many languages have a voiceless post-alveolar affricate, [ʧ]. | | | A voiceless alveolar click, for example, is {k!t}. | | | In addition to the standards given in this document, the rules allow each language to have its own Modified Kolagian Orthography (MKO) to resolve problems specific to that language. |
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http://www.io.com/~hmiller/lang/rko4.html
(787 words)
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| | Affricate consonant |
| | The real English affricate phonemes and cannot have a morpheme boundary, and in order to show that they are not sequences of phonemes, they can be written with the ligatures or tie bars, or different characters and, avoiding the ambiguous and. | | | Affricates may also be contrasted by palatalization, as in the Erzya language, where voiceless alveolar, postalveolar and palatal affricates are contrasted. | | | In other phonetic transcription systems, such as the Americanist system, the affricates,,,,, and (also written) are represented as,,,,, and respectively. |
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http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/A/Affricate-consonant.htm
(532 words)
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| | Oriental Name Construction for Authors of Fantasy |
| | This is an aspirated voiceless blade-palatal (or retroflex) affricate, as in 'CHILLY'. | | | This is an unaspirated voicelss blade-palatal (or retroflex) affricate, like 'J' in 'JELLY'. | | | This is an unaspirated voiceless front-palatal affricate, like 'G' in 'GENIUS'. |
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http://modzer0.cs.uaf.edu/~logan/names.html
(532 words)
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| | affricate - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | affricate : WordNet 1.7 Vocabulary Helper [home, info] | | | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "affricate" is defined. | | | We found 17 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word affricate: |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=affricate
(187 words)
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| | What is an ambiguous consonant sequence? |
| | Here is a table of some kinds of ambiguous consonant sequences with an example of each: | | | An ambiguous consonant sequence is a phonetic string (segment or sequence) that may be interpreted as | | | This page is an extract from the LinguaLinks Library, Version 5.0 published on CD-ROM by SIL International, 2003. |
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http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAmbiguousConsonantSequ.htm
(70 words)
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| | Introduction to Segmental Phonology: Sound Index |
| | The following is an index of the postalveolar segments currently found in the feature database. | | | A short phonetic description is linked to a page with details about each segment. |
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http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/projects/featuresoftware/browse_sounds.php?soundset=14
(40 words)
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| | Talk:Affricate consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The affricate is a fused morpheme that is a combination of the control suffix and a 1st/2nd person object suffix. | | | Generally in Uralic, /i/ and /j/ effect palatalization on a neighboring affricate, but sometimes the cause is deleted and effect remains, retaining the phonemic status that the deleted (semi)vowel held. | | | I say, either all three hypothetical voiced dorsal affricates should be listed, or none. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Affricate_consonant
(2158 words)
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| | Church Slavonic Pronunciation - Help Me Learn Church Slavonic |
| | voiceless dental affricate; articulated with the tongue very low; hard consonant: the following vowel must be a back vowel regardless of how it is written | | | Does cause palatalization of a preceding neutral consonant (when is not in syllable initial position)? | | | preiotated ; preiotated in word-initial and after a vowel; can cause palatalization of a preceding neutral consonant when is not in syllable initial position |
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http://justin.zamora.com/slavonic/alphabet/pronunciation.html
(499 words)
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