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| | Acoustic analysis of singleton and geminate affricates in Italian |
 | | In Table IV, it is possible to see that error percentages for affricates are worse compared to those obtained for other classes of consonants. | | | For affricates, it was found that the average difference between singles and geminates in terms of V1d is 38 ms (»-25% for geminates), in C1d is 51 ms (»+62%for geminates), in C2d is 27 ms (»+28% for geminates) while considering the whole consonant Cd=C1d+C2d the difference is 78ms (»+44% for geminates). | | | The analyzed words in the present study were therefore 3 for each affricate consonant (which are [ʧ, ʤ, ʦ, ʣ] and their geminate version) and 6 for each speaker in three repetitions, leading to a total of 3x4x2x6x3=432 utterances (216 singletons and 216 geminates). |
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http://www.essex.ac.uk/web-sls/papers/01-01/submission.htm
(3460 words)
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| | ipswebhome |
| | Affricate: A consonant sound produced with a complete closure between two articulators and with velic closure preventing air escaping via the nasal cavity. | | | An example from English: the word ten which is /ten/ in most environments may become /tem/ if the following word begins with a bilabial consonant, as for example in the phrase ten books, which may be pronounced /tem bUks/. | | | Consonant: Sounds made with a relatively close constriction or complete closure in the vocal tract and which occur singly or in clusters at the edges of syllables. |
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http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/ips/ipsweb_glossary.htm
(5447 words)
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| | Speech Group Achievements 2001 |
| | For stops, the overall discriminant analysis classification score is 75% correct classification for all vowel types and all speakers; for nasals, the overall correct classification score is 57%; and for fricatives and affricates, the correct classification is 85%. | | | With 12 cues, the overall classification score between stops and fricative or affricate consonant is close to 100%. | | | In addition, the aspirated consonant /h/ is compared with fricatives and affricates in order to assess the capability of differentiating frication and aspiration. |
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http://web.mit.edu/speech/www/2001achieve.html
(3796 words)
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| | GroMye2000.html |
| | In fact, when the stop consonant /t/ arrives in the working memory, at least five list chunks that are themselves words -- ATE, RAY, GRAY, RATE, and GREAT -- can be assumed to be in active competition to establish a resonance with the phonemic codes in working memory. | | | The coarticulation of consonants and vowels during speech produces an overlapped, interwoven arrangement of sounds that is perceived as a temporal succession of phonemes (e.g., Liberman, Cooper, Shankweiler and Studdert-Kennedy, 1967). | | | The explanation in terms of articulatory knowledge relies on the fact that, in natural speech, stop consonants are those which by definition are produced by a temporary closure of the vocal tract and hence give rise to a brief pause in acoustic energy of the speech signal. |
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http://www.cns.bu.edu/Profiles/Grossberg/GroMye00.html
(17879 words)
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| | Syllable structure |
| | An example of the affricate /ts/ is above in the word /si.tsi.ka/ for ‘another’ and an example of the affricate /ks/ is in the word /a.wak.ksis/ for ‘chewing gum’. | | | Most all consonants found in the Blackfoot language (please refer to the section on Blackfoot sounds) can occupy the onset position except for a few, which are /h/, /w/, and /y/. | | | Most languages consider /ts/ as common affricate but similar findings for /ks/ have not been found across languages. |
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http://www.fp.ucalgary.ca/howed/syllable_structure.htm
(1097 words)
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| | Hexapedia - List of linguistic topics |
| | N naming - nasal consonant - natural language - natural language processing - natural language understanding - neologism - neurolinguistics - nominative case - noun - noun phrase - null morpheme | | | U umlaut - uninflected word - Universal grammar - uvular consonant | | | Q R radical - retroflex consonant - retronym - rhotics - romanization - rounded vowel |
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http://www.hexafind.com/encyclopedia/List_of_linguistic_topics
(471 words)
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| | Ņaranis Grammar |
| | The original consonant that should be used when the language is written is easy to determine. | | | Ņaranis uses what is known as a triconsonantal root system, in which three core consonants can be pulled out of nearly every word in the language. | | | Diphthongs are formed as expected – a consonant bearing a vowel diacritic representing the nucleus of the diphthong is followed by a consonant (y, w, or h) representing the glide. |
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http://www.thegreatsleep.com/serakus/language/naranis/grammar.html
(4689 words)
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| | hist1.htm |
| | segmental simplification of an affricate to a fricative | | | change of a glide to an affricate in word initial position | | | vowel becomes nasalized when next to a nasal consonant |
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http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~irenem/hist1.htm
(1422 words)
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| | Describing consonants |
| | An affricate is a single sound composed of a stop portion and a fricative portion. | | | In a fricative consonant, the articulators involved in the constriction approach get close enough to each other to create a turbluent airstream. | | | Pay attention to what you are doing with your tongue when you say the first consonant of [lif] leaf. |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/phonetics/articulation/describing-consonants.html
(1759 words)
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| | eng_33.htm |
| | Speakers from many languages fail to pronounce all stages consonant clusters.....combinations of two or more consonant clusters, at the ends of words. | | | The "SKS" cluster begin with a simple "S" and then adds the "KS" affricate you just practiced. | | | L3/S5 And now follow the tape in producing clusters which contain at least one voiced consonant. |
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http://andy.sut.ac.th/american/eng_33.htm
(531 words)
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| | affricate - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "affricate" is defined. | | | Words similar to affricate: affricative, affricate consonant, more... | | | affricate : WordNet 1.7 Vocabulary Helper [home, info] |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=affricate
(187 words)
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| | What is an ambiguous consonant sequence? |
| | Here is a table of some kinds of ambiguous consonant sequences with an example of each: | | | An ambiguous consonant sequence is a phonetic string (segment or sequence) that may be interpreted as | | | This page is an extract from the LinguaLinks Library, Version 5.0 published on CD-ROM by SIL International, 2003. |
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http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAmbiguousConsonantSequ.htm
(70 words)
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| | Talk:Affricate consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The affricate is a fused morpheme that is a combination of the control suffix and a 1st/2nd person object suffix. | | | Generally in Uralic, /i/ and /j/ effect palatalization on a neighboring affricate, but sometimes the cause is deleted and effect remains, retaining the phonemic status that the deleted (semi)vowel held. | | | I say, either all three hypothetical voiced dorsal affricates should be listed, or none. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Affricate_consonant
(2158 words)
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| | Church Slavonic Pronunciation - Help Me Learn Church Slavonic |
| | voiceless dental affricate; articulated with the tongue very low; hard consonant: the following vowel must be a back vowel regardless of how it is written | | | Does cause palatalization of a preceding neutral consonant (when is not in syllable initial position)? | | | preiotated ; preiotated in word-initial and after a vowel; can cause palatalization of a preceding neutral consonant when is not in syllable initial position |
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http://justin.zamora.com/slavonic/alphabet/pronunciation.html
(499 words)
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| | Ga - UPSID Language Profile |
| | segaff(n, [voiceless, dental_alveolar, sibilant, affricate], [german, russian, bulgarian, romanian, pashto, kashmiri, albanian, e_armenian, lappish, yurak, kirghiz, hebrew, awiya, kullo, lakkia, atayal, tagalog, tsou, mandarin, hakka, changchow, amoy, fuchow, kan, jingpho, yao, tlingit, chipewyan, chontal, mazahua, tonkawa, wichita, yuchi, wappo, bribri, ashuslay, jivaro, greenlandic, aleut, basque, burushaski]). | | | segaff(n, [voiceless, alveolar, lateral, ejective, affricate], [iraqw, navaho, hupa, wintu, kwakw7ala, quileute, puget_sound]). | | | segaff(n, [palatalized, voiceless, dental_alveolar, sibilant, affricate], [bulgarian, yurak]). |
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http://www.langmaker.com/db/ups_ga.htm
(2431 words)
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| | Affricate consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Affricates may also be contrasted by palatalization, as in the Erzya language, where voiceless alveolar, postalveolar and palatal affricates are contrasted. | | | Affricate consonants begin like stops (most often an alveolar, such as [t] or [d]), but release as a fricative such as [s] or [z] (or, a couple languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. | | | Several Khoisan languages such as !Xóõ are reported to have voiced ejective affricates, but these are actually consonant clusters: [dts’, dtʃ’]. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affricate_consonant
(905 words)
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| | The Aiola Alphabet |
| | All the other symbols represent consonants of the language. | | | Four consonant sounds are represented in written speech with diagraphs (two-letter symbol). |
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http://www.aiola.org/learn/alphabet.html
(99 words)
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| | Learn more about Liquid consonant in the online encyclopedia. |
| | Liquid consonants, or liquids, are speech sounds; more specific, they are approximant consonants that are not classified as semivowels (glides) because they do not correspond phonetically to specific vowels (in the way that, for example, the initial [j] in English yes corresponds to [i]). | | | The class of liquids can be divided into lateral liquids and rhotics. | | | Learn more about Liquid consonant in the online encyclopedia. |
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http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/l/li/liquid_consonant.html
(155 words)
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| | The consonant chart |
| | If we want to list consonants in a chart, there's an immediate problem: there are seven dimensions in which consonants can differ from each other, but only two dimensions in which a printed chart can arrange them. | | | There's a traditional way of dealing drawing consonant charts that deals with the problem relatively well. | | | Fully describing a consonant involves answering each of the seven questions discussed earlier, that is, specifying the consonant for each of the parameters: |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/138/jan24/chart.htm
(213 words)
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| | consonant - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about consonant |
| | Consonants can be described in various ways, according to where and how the sound is made and whether the vocal cords in the throat vibrate or not. | | | This sort of barter is not contradictory to nature, nor is it any species of money-getting; but is necessary in procuring that subsistence which is so consonant thereunto. | | | Sound produced by stopping the air flowing freely through the mouth; a letter representing a sound thus defined (b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z). |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/consonant
(251 words)
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| | Normal speech development - Caroline Bowen |
| | A fricative consonant (/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/, 'sh', 'zh', 'th' or /h/), or an affricate consonant ('ch' or /j/) is replaced by a stop consonant (/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ or /g/). | | | Consonant clusters occur when two or three consonants occur in a sequence in a word. | | | A final voiced consonant in a word is replaced by a voiceless consonant. |
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http://www.members.tripod.com/caroline_Bowen/acquisition.html
(1057 words)
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| | NewMidterm.doc |
| | Which of these choices begins with an affricate consonant sound? | | | Pick the symbol which represents a voiced alveo-palatal affricate a. | | | Which of these choices begins with a voiceless fricative consonant sound? |
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http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~gawron/intro/NewMidterm.doc
(820 words)
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| | Old_English_language |
| | are allophones of respectively, occurring between vowels or voiced consonants. | | | Before a consonant letter the pronunciation is always ; word-finally after i it is always. | | | Doubled consonants are geminated; the geminate fricativesðð/þþ, ff and ss cannot be voiced. |
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http://mindwallet.com/wiki/Old_English_language
(2459 words)
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| | SPA3112 Notes |
| | Primary dimensions of consonant production (see classification of English consonants, p. | | | In cases where a nasal follows a stop at the same place of articulation (homorganic), the stop consonant is not release orally, instead the release occurs when the velum lowers (called nasal plosion, as in hidden, chutney) | | | Resonant consonants have most of their energy in the lower frequency portion of the spectrum (the whole vocal tract, a bigger cavity, shapes the noise) |
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http://www.cas.usf.edu/~frisch/SPA3112_Fall01_L06.html
(893 words)
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| | Glossary Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers (Moats) |
| | Affricate Consonant phoneme articulated as a stop before a fricative, such as /c/ or /j/. | | | Alveolar Consonant spoken with the tip of the tongue on the ridge behind the upper teeth, such as /t/. | | | Anaphora Referential linking between pairs of words within or between sentences; the process of replacing a longer word or phrase with a shorter one, as with the use of a pronoun for a noun or a noun phrase. |
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http://www.brookespublishing.com/store/books/moats-3874/glossary.htm
(470 words)
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| | Consonants: Natural Classes |
| | To what natural class do the following consonants belong? | | | See if you can recognize the natural classes to which the following consonantal sounds belong. |
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http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/linguistics/conson.html
(159 words)
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