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| | abptim.csp |
 | | Otherwise, it waits for the repeated send without changing the current bit value. | | | {- Alternating bit protocol with timeouts (page 76 of Holzmann's book). | | | If the tag received equals the current bit, the data is sent to the channel right, the current bit is negated and the receiver waits for the next message to arrive from the medium. |
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http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mzk/courses/AutoVeri/abptim.csp
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| | FSV Readings - Fall 2001 |
| | It keeps a minimal amount of information for visited states (just a single bit in a big hash table, when the "supertrace" option is used), with more information for states on the path from the root to the current state (i.e., on the search stack). | | | Instead of the branching time temporal logic described in the CES 86 paper, Spin checks linear-time temporal logic, which it represents using a Buchi automaton. | | | For speed, Spin actually compiles your model into C code, then compiles the C code and runs it. |
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http://www.cs.uoregon.edu/~michal/Classes/f01/fsv
(306 words)
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| | Homework 4 CS 3251, Spring 2005 |
| | The alternating-bit protocol is the same as the GBN protocol with a sender and receiver window size of 1. | | | The alternating-bit protocol is the same as the SR protocol with a sender and receiver window size of 1. | | | With the SR (selective reject) protocol, it is possible for the sender to receive an ACK for a packet that falls outside of its current window. |
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http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/AY2005/cs3251_spring/hwk/hwk4.html
(396 words)
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| | Powell's Books - Companion in Alternating Current Technology by Ashton Jairam |
| | Covers alternating current fundamentals, phasor summation of A.C quantities, A.C series circuits, alternating current parallel circuits, power factor improvement, three phase alternating current circuits, the transformer, the alternator, the induction motor, and complex notation - the “ j” operator. | | | Covers alternating current fundamentals, phasor summation of A.C quantities, A.C series circuits, alternating current parallel circuits, power factor improvement, three phase alternating current circuits, the transformer, the alternator, the induction motor, and complex notation - the "j" operator. | | | This “ companion” guide helps readers bridge the gap between theoretical principles of alternating current and their practical application in the full range of typical alternating current problems. |
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http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=4-0130803855-1
(396 words)
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| | United States Patent Application: 0040090719 |
| | A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the differential coefficient of the alternating current at a zero-crossing detected is calculated on the basis of said current detection, and that this differential coefficient value is used for calculating a future zero-crossing of the alternating current. | | | An apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that said members (21) for calculating the differential coefficient are adapted to determine the differential coefficient on the basis of values of the alternating current detected closely before and closely after said zero-crossing. | | | The differential coefficient is then preferably determined on the basis of values of the alternating current detected closely before and closely after said zero-crossing. |
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http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040090719".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040090719&RS=DN/20040090719
(5883 words)
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| | Advance Product Services Ltd - Harrogate, North Yorkshire - UK |
| | Power Supplies, Linear, Alternating Current (AC) to Alternating Current (AC) or Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC) | | | Power Supplies, Alternating Current (AC), Power Factor Correcting | | | Power Supplies, Laboratory, Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC), Triple Output |
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http://www.kellysearch.co.uk/gb-company-2079789.html
(5883 words)
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| | Direct and Alternating Current |
| | In simple terms, the RMS value of an electrical current is the number which represents the same energy that a DC current at that voltage would produce; it is in essence an average of the alternating current waveform. | | | While simple direct current circuits are generally described only by their voltage, alternating current circuits require more detail. | | | PCs use only direct current, which means that the alternating current provided by your utility must be converted to direct current before use. |
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http://www.pcguide.com/ref/power/ext/basicsACDC-c.html
(948 words)
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| | Direct and Alternating Current |
| | In simple terms, the RMS value of an electrical current is the number which represents the same energy that a DC current at that voltage would produce; it is in essence an average of the alternating current waveform. | | | While simple direct current circuits are generally described only by their voltage, alternating current circuits require more detail. | | | PCs use only direct current, which means that the alternating current provided by your utility must be converted to direct current before use. |
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http://www.pcguide.com/ref/power/ext/basicsACDC-c.html
(948 words)
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| | Direct Current Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ ArtAndCraftDirectory.com |
| | Direct current installations usually have different types of sockets, switches, and fixtures, mostly due to the low voltages used, from those suitable for alternating current. | | | Because alternating current is more convenient than direct current for electric power distribution and transmission, today nearly all electric power transmission uses alternating current. | | | High voltage direct current is used for long-distance point-to-point power transmission and for submarine cables, with voltages from a few kilovolts to approximately one megavolt. |
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http://artandcraftdirectory.com/encyclopedia/Direct_current
(579 words)
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| | TFCBooks -- Tesla Site Glossary |
| | It was part of the momentous exhibit at the 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition at which Tesla and George Westinghouse first introduced the American public to the alternating current electrical power system. | | | In industrial applications these motors are powered by three phase alternating current. | | | When the load is capacitive, e.g., a synchronous motor or a capacitive network, the current leads the applied voltage, and the power factor is said to be a leading power factor. |
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http://www.tfcbooks.com/mainpage/glossary.htm
(579 words)
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| | Class 331: OSCILLATORS / U.S. Patent Classification Definitions |
| | Some of the systems for converting direct current to alternating current (e.g., derectifiers, inverters) in Class 363 are indistinguishable from the oscillators in Class 331. | | | Subject matter wherein means are provided to stabilize or lock the controlled oscillator to the low frequency (e.g., 50, 60 C.P.S.) power current derived from a commercial alternating current supply line. | | | 363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems in general, wherein an input alternating current of one frequency is converted directly into an output alternating current of a different frequency. |
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http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/def/331.htm
(579 words)
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| | Compass and alternating current |
| | When the compass is placed close to the wire and the frequency of the alternating current is high enough, the compass will vibrate around a point that represents the average value of the pulsating direct current, as shown in figure 1-13. | | | The compass (a simple meter) will indicate the average value of the alternating current (remember the average value of a sine wave is zero) by vibrating around the zero point on the meter (magnetic north). | | | This cycle of the current going positive and negative and the compass swinging back and forth will continue as long as there is alternating current in the conductor. |
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http://www.tpub.com/neets/book3/7c.htm
(483 words)
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| | Glossary: Alternating current / Direct current |
| | Current flowing in power lines and normal household electricity that comes from a wall outlet is alternating current. | | | Alternating Current (AC) is a type of electrical current, in which the direction of the flow of electrons switches back and forth at regular intervals or cycles. | | | One advantage of alternating current is that it is relatively cheap to change the tension of the current. |
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http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/alternating-current.htm
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| | ng.htm |
| | At that historical exposition, Tesla's alternating current electricity and Tesla's Induction Motor were applied for the first time on a large scale. | | | Nikola Tesla discovered the Rotating Magnetic Field in 1882 which is the heart of alternating current electricity. | | | In 1895, Tesla and Westinghouse built the first large hydro-electric power plant at Niagara Falls, NY, this was the final victory of Alternating Current Electricity which was technologically superior over Edison's direct current because Alternating Current could be transmitted over power lines to long distances without losing much power. |
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http://www.teslasociety.com/ng.htm
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| | The Direct Current Distributing Systems of American Cities |
| | In later years, when transmission by alternating current is so frequently combined with distribution of direct current, the challenge usually takes the form of a query as to what justification there can be for the expense of converting machinery requiring substations and attendance for its housing and care. | | | The apparatus for transforming alternating current to direct has thus far in the majority of cases been the rotary converter, but there is a large minority preferring and using motor-generators. | | | The steadying resistance of the direct current lamp can be dispensed with and thereby a considerable saving of energy effected but the character of the light given by the alternating arc is thoroughly unsatisfactory. |
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http://www.oldandsold.com/articles22/public-service-9.shtml
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| | Design and Construction of the IRT: Electrical Engineering (The Power Sub-Stations) |
| | A rotary converter picked up current from the transformers' cables via slip rings, as used in an alternating current motor; it passed current to the direct current bus' cables by means of brushes, as used in a direct current motor. | | | Current at 550-600 volts passed through another switch to the [page 332] three-phase rotary, which converted the alternating current to direct current and sent it through a switch/breaker set to the direct current bus. | | | Transmitting high voltage alternating current from a main power house to sub-stations for conversion to lower voltage direct current suitable for the car motors was a relatively new practice in railway work. |
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http://www.nycsubway.org/irt/irthaer/electrical03.html
(204 words)
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| | PBS: Tesla - Master of Lightning: War of the Currents |
| | I remember Tom [Edison] telling them that direct current was like a river flowing peacefully to the sea, while alternating current was like a torrent rushing violently over a precipice. | | | At stake, in effect, was the future of industrial development in the United States, and whether Westinghouse's alternating current or Edison's direct current would be the chosen technology. | | | It was at this time that Edison launched a propaganda war against alternating current. |
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http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_warcur.html
(581 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Alternating current |
| | High-voltage, direct current electric power transmission systems contrast with the more common alternating-current systems as a means for the bulk transmission of electrical power. | | | An alternating current (AC) is an electrical current where the magnitude and direction of the current varies cyclically, as opposed to direct current, where the direction of the current stays constant. | | | Alternating-current electric power is a form of electrical energy that uses alternating currents to supply electricity commercially as electric power. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Alternating-current
(674 words)
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| | Traction current line - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Traction current lines are laid usually not parallel to the railway line, in order to allow a short line length and to avoid unnecessary influences of electrical system near the railway line, also this is technically possible and is applied for the current supply of some rapid-transit railways operating with alternating current in Germany. | | | Since most traction current lines possess two electric circuits, four conductors are on the pylons as a rule (in contrast three-phase alternating current lines, whose number of conductors are an integral multiple of three). | | | In this cases either for traction current lines with two electric circuits at double-railed railway lines the overhead line pylons for both driving directions are equipped with cross beams for traction current system (2 conductor cables) or two-level arrangement of conductor cables are used, whereby each electric circuit uses a mast half. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_current_line
(674 words)
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| | Alternating current - alternating current |
| | Alternating current is caused by a generator which does not contain a The power company uses alternating current because it can be transformed to higher | | | alternating current - definition of alternating current by the | | | convert the electricity from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). |
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http://alternating-current.surferfind.com
(153 words)
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| | Alternating current to alternating current converter apparatus - Patent 4104715 |
| | High frequency alternating current is supplied by the oscillator to the load and the current is controlled during periods when the load draws high current, as is the case upon lamp turn-on conditions. | | | The use of high frequency alternating current, particularly in a discharge lamp such as a fluorescent lamp or a halogen projection lamp, results in higher illumination output, in terms, for example, of foot candles, than is the case when alternating current at the line frequency (50 to 60 Hz) is used to power such lamps. | | | High current is induced into the secondary winding 56 such that the transistors are switched to saturation and abnormally high collector currents instantaneously flow through the output transformer primary, the collector to emitter path of the transistor 46 or 48 which is turned on, and the resistor 54 in the sensing circuit 22. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4104715.html
(4413 words)
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| | alternating current: Definition and Much More From Answers.com |
| | An alternating current ( AC) is an electrical current where the magnitude and direction of the current varies cyclically, as opposed to direct current, where the direction of the current stays constant. | | | high-voltage, direct current electric power transmission systems contrast with the more common alternating-current systems as a means for the bulk transmission of electrical power. | | | However, audio and radio signals carried on electrical wire are also examples of alternating current. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/alternating-current
(4413 words)
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| | NDT Encyclopedia - MPI: Alternating Current (AC) |
| | This rectified alternating current for which the rectifier is so connected that the reverse half of the cycle is turned around, and fed into the circuit flowing in the same direction as the first half of the cycle. | | | Alternating current is current that reverses its direction of flow at regular intervals. | | | When a single-phase alternating current is rectified in the simplest manner, the reverse half of the cycle is blocked out entirely. |
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http://www.ndt.net/article/az/mpi/alternating_current.htm
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| | page 8 |
| | The three phase alternating current permanent-magnet synchronous motor is also chosen because of its ability to be used for regenerative braking. | | | The inverters required to change the direct current to alternating current are expensive but the cost difference of the motor is enough to make up for the added cost of the inverters. | | | There are several types of electric motors to choose from but the three phase alternating current permanent-magnet synchronous motor seems to be the best choice. |
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http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~bmb7510/page8.html
(525 words)
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| | alternating current (AC), direct current (DC) |
| | Alternating current was chosen early in the 20th century as the North American standard because it presented fewer risks and promised higher reliability than competing DC systems of the day. | | | Alternating current is still used to deliver electricity to the device, and a transformer is included with these devices to convert AC power to DC power (usually at much lower than the supplied voltage) so that electronic devices can use it. | | | Direct current is no different electrically from alternating current except for the fact that it flows in the same direction at all times. |
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http://www.energyvortex.com/energydictionary/alternating_current_(ac)__direct_current_(dc).html
(466 words)
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| | Toroidal Current Transformers |
| | The toroidal current transformer is the most common way to measuring large amounts of alternating (or even pulsing) current. | | | The toroidal current transformer can accurately measure the alternating current and put out a reasonable voltage, which is proportional to the current. | | | In contrast, the term “split-core” in split-core current transformers is used because the transformer core is split into two pieces which allow it to be assembled and disassembled around a buss bar without disconnecting either end of the buss bar. |
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http://www.butlerwinding.com/elelectronic-transformer/current/toroidal.html
(466 words)
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| | Pylon - Pictures |
| | However railway traction current systems are two-pole alternating current systems, so that traction current pylons must be laid out for the admission of 2 conductor cables (and/or an integral multiples of it, usually 4.8 or 12). | | | Running a traction current power line paralell to a high voltage transmission lines for three-phase alternating current is possible. | | | For four traction current circuits the arrangement of the conductors in two-levels and for six electric circuits the arrangement of the conductors in three levels is used. |
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http://www.greatestinfo.org/Pylon
(466 words)
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| | (WO 01/38727) INDUCTION STATIC START FOR A TURBINE GENERATOR WITH A BRUSHLESS EXCITER AND ASSOCIATED METHODS |
| | The stationary alternating current provider (35) preferably includes a rectifier (32) responsive to the AC input (31) for rectifying the alternating current to a direct current (DC) and a DC-to-AC converter (33) responsive to the rectifier (32) for converting the direct current input to an alternating current output (34). | | | (57) In an electric power generation system (20) which includes a turbine (22) and a turbine generator (25) connected to the turbine (22) along a common shaft (21), an alternating current (AC) induction exciter (30) is provided which is connected to the turbine generator (25) for starting the turbine generator (25). | | | A method of starting a turbine generator (25) is also provided. |
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http://wipo.int/ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/38727.010531&...
(466 words)
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| | Alternating Current - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch |
| | An alternating current (AC) is an electrical current, where the magnitude and direction of the current varies cyclically, as opposed to direct current, where the direction of the current stays constant. | | | Alternating currents are usually associated with alternating voltages. | | | However, audio and radio signals carried on electrical wire are also examples of alternating current. |
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http://encyclopedia.worldsearch.com/alternating_current.htm
(466 words)
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| | Alternating Current |
| | Alternating current (AC) is electric current which in a sine wave pattern changes polarity from negative to positive and back again. | | | The alternating current generator was invented by Nikola Tesla (who isnt recognized for his achievements) in 1882. | | | The first long distance transmissions of alternating current were in 1891 near Telluride, Colorado; and a few months later in Germany. |
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http://www.patchn.com/ac.htm
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