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| | Galaxies |
 | | According to computer simulations, the variety of galaxy forms results from different initial parameters of the proto-galaxies such as the amount of (initial) angular momentum, as well as their later evolution in their environments, such as interaction with other neighboring galaxies. | | | Occasionally, at irregular intervals given by chance, in any type of galaxies, a supernova occurs: This is a star suddenly brightning to a high luminosity which may well outshine the whole galaxy; the maximal absolute magnitude of a supernova may well reach -19 to -20 magnitudes. | | | However, for some ellipticals, small disk components have been discovered, so that they may be representatives of one end of a common scheme of galaxy forms which includes the disk galaxies. |
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http://www.seds.org/messier/galaxy.html
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| | Andromeda |
| | Kappa Andromedae is a wide and rather faint binary: 4, 11; 194º, 46.8". | | | Andromedae form a noted binary with colour contrast, gold and blue. | | | There are a number of fine binaries and several variables, and some very nice deep sky objects, including perhaps the most famous spiral galaxy of all. |
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http://www.dibonsmith.com/and_con.htm
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| | SPACE-TALK - andromeda galaxy |
| | If you live at a dark location and know where to look, it is possible to see this galaxy shining faintly when it is high up, without using any optical aid. | | | These clumps will come together with other clumps until gravitational acceleration is too small in magnitude to overcome general universal expansion. | | | Google however is a great way to get to a lot of information. |
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http://www.space-talk.com/ForumE/showthread.php3?postid=28115
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| | SDSC Blue Horizon Simulations |
| | Galaxies collide and interact occasionally and there are several well-known examples in the vicinity of the Milky Way. | | | Here is the sequence of images from a numerical simulation of the collision computed using Blue Horizon a 1152 processor IBM SP3 at the San Diego Supercomputing Centre. | | | We see interacting pairs as snapshots in time and the results are often very dramatic. |
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http://www.cita.utoronto.ca/~dubinski/tflops
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| | Astronomers find a cool black hole in Andromeda |
| | The Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer, which was used to detect the central black hole in Andromeda, was built for NASA by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, and Pennsylvania State University, University Park. | | | Most of them are thought to be binary star systems, but one was located precisely at the galactic center just where the black hole ought to be. | | | "The Chandra observation is telling us that an entirely different flow pattern [must be] operating around the Andromeda black hole," said Dr. Eliot Quataert, of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J. "This will require a different class of models than we usually consider." |
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http://spacescience.com/headlines/y2000/ast26jan_1.htm
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| | Sloan Digital Sky Survey |
| | While analyzing data from an SDSS scan of Andromeda, Zucker and his team used special filtering techniques to select objects with specific colors and brightness typical of Andromeda's stars. | | | So far the exact nature of Andromeda NE remains a mystery. | | | "One of the most important questions about Andromeda NE is its distance. |
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http://www.sdss.org/news/releases/20040105.andromeda.html
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| | Detailed information on Andromeda Galaxy |
| | The three leading stars of Andromeda are all of magnitude 2.1 Alpheratz, Mirach and Almaak. | | | However, in the future the rings might become prominent in the optical as well, if more stars keep being born in the dust: "Andromeda might be undergoing a transition phase". | | | • The Andromeda Galaxy (Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Vol 176) |
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http://freespace.virgin.net/d.finn/andromeda-galaxy.html
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| | Globular Clusters in the Andromeda Galaxy |
| | This translates into a ten magnitude difference and at 14.3 (visual) magnitude, the brightest five globulars in M31 are comparable in absolute magnitude to 4th magnitude Omega Centauri (Mv = -8.5), the brightest within our galaxy. | | | This important article provides identifications, positions, magnitudes, colors and radii although no finder charts are given. | | | In any case, the M31 globular cluster system does appear to be more numerous than our own galaxy by roughly a 2:1 ratio. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/id/jsredshift/gcm31.htm
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| | Andromeda Galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | When the visual and absolute magnitudes are known, the distance to the star can be measured. | | | The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about 300 kilometres per second, so it is one of the few blue shifted galaxies. | | | Given the motion of the Solar System inside the Milky Way, one finds that the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are approaching one another at a speed of 100 to 140 kilometres per second. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy
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| | Andromeda Galaxy |
| | May 2005: Evidence that Andromeda is 3 times bigger than first thought. | | | Indeed, the galaxy is approaching us at a speed of 68 kilometres per second and a collision with the Milky Way is a possibility in the distant future." | | | Such processes were once common in the Universe and still occur today. |
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http://www.mikekemble.com/space/andromeda.html
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| | M31 Andromeda Galaxy |
| | This image was taken with the MX5 CCD camera and represents a significant improvement in resolution. | | | To accomplish the task, the center of the galaxy is moved to one edge of the field and an exposure made. | | | It is then moved to the other side of the field and another exposure made. |
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http://schmidling.netfirms.com/m31.htm
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| | Messier Object 31 |
| | The modern values for Galactic rotation and heliocentric radial velocity yield that the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are approaching each other at about 100 km/sec. | | | Hubble published his epochal study of the Andromeda "nebula" as an extragalactic stellar system (galaxy) in 1929 (Hubble 1929). | | | Up to now, only one supernova has been recorded in the Andromeda galaxy, the Supernova 1885, also designated S Andromedae. |
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http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m031.html
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| | SPACE.com -- Big Appetite: Large Galaxies Consume Smaller Ones in Order to Grow, Scientists Say |
| | The new survey was possible only because the digital devices that have replaced photography in astronomy have now been developed enough to cover fairly large areas of sky. | | | The smaller systems are the first able to be formed, then they start interacting forming larger structures." The finding supports the ideas that big galaxies have built up over time through the collisions of smaller galaxies colliding and that the process continues today. | | | Astronomers have known for some years that our galaxy is a cannibal. |
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http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/andromeda_010705.html
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| | ScienceDaily: Lady In Red: Andromeda Galaxy Shines In Spitzer's Eyes |
| | "In contrast to the smooth appearance of Andromeda at optical wavelengths, the Spitzer image reveals a well-defined nuclear bulge and a system of spiral arms," said Dr. Susan Stolovy, a co-investigator from the Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. | | | The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about 300 kilometres per second, so it is... | | | Galaxy formation and evolution -- The formation of galaxies is still one of the most active research areas in astrophysics; and, to some extent, this is also true for galaxy... |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/10/051017070302.htm
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| | Extreme Warp in Andromeda Galaxy |
| | The researchers also obtained additional evidence suggesting that the degree of warping in Andromeda's stellar disk may be especially dramatic. | | | The Andromeda Galaxy is a good candidate for studying a warped stellar disk because the plane of its disk is inclined toward the Earth at an angle of about 77 degrees (an inclination angle of 90 degrees would give a perfectly edge-on view of the disk). | | | If you look at the digital images and the photographic work side by side, you can see the same thing, but you can also see why the photographic data was not very reliable," Guhathakurta said. |
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http://www.ucolick.org/~raja/warp.html
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| | JPL News -- Mission Captures Galaxies Galore |
| | "The Andromeda image gives us a snapshot of the most recent star formation episode," said Dr. Christopher Martin, Galaxy Evolution Explorer principal investigator and an astrophysics professor at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, which leads the mission. | | | The Galaxy Evolution Explorer team is also releasing the first batch of scientific data, so the science community can propose additional observations for the mission. | | | These galaxies are actively creating stars, and therefore provide a window into the history and causes of galactic star formation. |
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http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2003/167.cfm
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| | M31: The Andromeda Galaxy |
| | Its a sobering thought to say we can see objects nearly 3 million light years away without optical aids! | | | Andromeda and the Milky Way are travelling towards each other due to mutual gravitational attraction, and eventually the Milky Way will collide with the Andromeda Galaxy, but no need to worry, as this is way into the future, and our Sun will have become a red giant, and fried the Earth long before then. | | | A supernova was discovered in Andromeda in 1885, the first to be discovered beyond our own Milky Way galaxy. |
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http://www.r-clarke.org.uk/messier/m31.htm
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| | More M31 |
| | The inner part of the Andromeda Galaxy Messier 31 (NGC 224), from a red-light CCD image taken with the Lowell Observatory 1.1m telescope and focal reducer. | | | Superb color image of the Andromeda Galaxy M31 and its companions, M32 and M110, as photographed with the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope on Mt. Palomar, by William C. Miller, digitally processed by David Malin of the Anglo-Australian Observatory. | | | Hodge's Atlas of the Andromeda Galaxy lists several cataloged globular clusters in this field; the brightest are G185 at pixel coordinates 216, 265; G189 at 165, 163; and G177 at 297, 294. |
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http://www.seds.org/messier/more/m031_more.html
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| | The Andromeda galaxy , M31 (NGC 224) |
| | This image is only available as a digital file. | | | M 31 is a member of the Local Group of about 30 galaxies that includes the Milky Way and M31 as its most massive members as well as the two Magellanic Clouds. | | | It has several close companions, the most obvious of which are the compact elliptical galaxy M31 (NGC 221) at lower centre here, and M110 (NGC 205) at upper right. |
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http://www.aao.gov.au/images/captions/caltech_M31.html
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| | Andromeda Galaxy |
| | Image generated by Red Shift - the best software planetarium on the planet! | | | Note: Many facts have been simplified to make them easier to understand. | | | The Andromeda Galaxy is the largest in the local group of galaxies to which the Milky Way belongs, and twice its size. |
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http://www.historyoftheuniverse.com/andromed.html
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| | JonLomberg.com Original Art |
| | This was a logo design for Carl Sagan Productions, for a potential series on the human brain. | | | The lettering branches into an interstellar communication system, linking civilizations in the galaxy. | | | This original art also has a vellum overlay with handwritten labels showing the position of the Sun, Orion Nebula, Crab Nebula, and the direction towards the Andromeda Galaxy from where we approached our galaxy. |
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http://www.jonlomberg.com/oa_gallery1.html
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| | Andromeda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Two Guys from Andromeda, game designers and creators of the Space Quest computer games | | | Andromeda (DC Comics), the codename of Laurel Gand of the Legion of Super-Heroes | | | This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda
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| | Andromeda Galaxy |
| | More information and images of Andromeda may be available at NASA and IPAC's Extragalactic Database. | | | Up-to-date technical summaries on Andromeda may be available at: NASA's ADS Abstract Service for the Astrophysics Data System; the SIMBAD Astronomical Database mirrored from CDS, which may require an account to access; and the NSF-funded, arXiv.org Physics e-Print archive's search interface. | | | For more information on stars and other objects in Constellation Andromeda and an illustration, go to Christine Kronberg's Andromeda. |
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http://www.solstation.com/x-objects/andromeda.htm
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| | Andromeda Galaxy - Memory Alpha |
| | One of these android-populated outposts was the planet Mudd in the Milky Way Galaxy. | | | Andromeda is approximately 2.5 million light-years from the Milky Way. | | | From Memory Alpha, the free Star Trek reference. |
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http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy
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| | Galaxy - Facts from the Encyclopedia - Yahoo! Education |
| | Several dwarf galaxies are currently colliding with the Milky Way; others are on course to do so over the next 2 to 3 billion years. | | | The local group includes the Andromeda Galaxy, which is similar to the Milky Way, and the Magellanic Clouds, which are satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. | | | The sun and its solar system, as well as the visible stars, are all in the Milky Way galaxy. |
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http://messenger.yahooligans.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/galaxy
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| | Case Western Reserve University Astronomers Discover New Galaxy Orbiting Andromeda |
| | She adds that now it looks like Andromeda is even more inundated by small galaxies than the Milky Way. | | | The galaxy research was supported by a five-year National Science Foundation Early Career Development Award. | | | NOAO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. |
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http://www.noao.edu/outreach/press/pr03/cwru0301.html
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| | M31 - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about M31 |
| | In 1993 US astronomers detected two components at the centre of Andromeda, indicating that it may have a double nucleus. | | | The other, brighter component of the ‘double nucleus’ may be a remnant of a galaxy that collided with Andromeda, although it was not fully understood by the end of the twentieth century. | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/M31
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| | eSky: Andromeda Galaxy |
| | Though the Andromeda Galaxy is considerably larger than our own, the two share many common features. | | | The Local Group of galaxies is relatively small in comparison to many others: it contains no more than about thirty galactic systems. | | | The most famous of all galaxies is also the most distant object visible to the naked eye, and the nearest major galaxy to our Milky Way. |
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http://www.glyphweb.com/esky/galaxies/andromeda.html
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| | Andromeda galaxy |
| | Contains information and tables about the Andromeda Galaxy. | | | The Andromeda Galaxy (Astrophysics and Space Science Library) | | | Site contains a FAQ, references, game information, member list, and an application form. |
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http://www.spaceguard.ca/index.php?c=211
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| | Andromeda galaxy concept from the Astronomy knowledge base |
| | Gravitationally bound to the Milky Way with which it shares membership in the Local Group, it is currently approaching us, rather than receding as is the case for most galaxies. | | | Andromeda galaxy concept from the Astronomy knowledge base | | | physical object > naked eye object > Andromeda galaxy |
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http://www.site.uottawa.ca:4321/astronomy/Andromedagalaxy.html
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| | Andromeda Galaxy Poster, M31 |
| | The Andromeda Galaxy is now available in a laminated version. | | | It is the largest member of the Local Group, of which the Milky Way is also a member. | | | It was taken by known astrophotographers Tony and Daphne Hallas (www.astrophoto.com). |
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http://www.milkywayimages.com/mw301.html
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| | Andromeda Galaxy Triples In Size |
| | A research project to measure the speeds of stars in the farthest outskirts of Andromeda found they were acting as part of the galaxy's rotating disk, and not moving along random paths. | | | Only a mere 2 million or so light years away, the Andromeda galaxy was at one time thought to be part of the Milky Way. | | | To have these clumps present, scientists theorize that Andromeda may have collided with other galaxies, which then merged with Andromeda. |
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http://www.webpronews.com/business/topbusiness/wpn-54-20050531AndromedaGalaxyTriplesInSize.html
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| | Andromeda Galaxy on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Such galaxy groups, which contain fewer galaxies than the better-known galaxy clusters, are an important class of objects because | | | It is also known as the Great Nebula in Andromeda. | | | This is not expected to occur for billions of years, however, visitors to the |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/A/AndromG1al.asp
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| | M31 |
| | Photographic plates are hardly used in astronomy any more, due to their very low efficiency (a few percent at best) compared to electronic detectors such as charge-coupled devices (CCDs) which can collect more than 50% of the light falling on them. | | | In fact, from a distant vantage point, Andromeda and the Galaxy would appear as a pair, a binary or double galaxy system, if it were not for the rather smaller, though still significant, spiral galaxy M33. | | | The entire galaxy is rotating in space, with the lower portions approaching while the upper parts recede. |
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http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0424.html
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| | SPACE.com -- Exploring Andromeda |
| | It was listed as object number 31 in Charles Messier’s eighteenth-century catalogue of nebulae, which is why it is known as Messier 31 or M31. | | | The best way to positively identify the Andromeda Galaxy is to focus your eyes or binoculars on Alpheratz. | | | This great island universe is the nearest of all the spiral galaxies and one of the largest known. |
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http://www.space.com/spacewatch/041217_andromeda_galaxy.html
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| | M31 - the Andromeda Galaxy |
| | I list them below with their (x,y) coordinates on the 512x512 picture, in which each pixel subtends 1.68 arcseconds on the sky. | | | The inner part of the Andromeda Galaxy, Messier 31 (NGC 224), shown from a 10-second red-light exposure (during twilight) with a Tektronix 2048x2048 CCD at the prime focus of the 4-meter Mayall telescope of Kitt Peak National Observatory. | | | The bright nucleus is readily apparent, recently shown to be in fact double (see the HST image and caption) as well as the possible site of a supermassive black hole. |
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http://www.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/m31r.html
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| | A Collision Between The Milky Way And The Andromeda Galaxy Astrophysics Visualization Archive NVO @ Hayden ... |
| | This movie shows a supercomputer simulation of one possible collision scenario between the Milky Way and Andromeda. | | | The complex patterns and structures created during the collisions are caused by tides - the same process that works on Earth's oceans. | | | John Dubinski web site of galaxy simulations Dr. John Dubinski's web site provides more detailed information about galaxy collisions, as well as additional supercomputer-produced scientific visualizations. |
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http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/hp/vo/ava/avapages/G0601andmilwy.html
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| | Amazon.com: The Andromeda Galaxy (Astrophysics and Space Science Library): Books: Paul W. Hodge |
| | This book is a mine of information about M31. | | | With the current developments in instrumentation with which increasingly detailed studies of the Andromeda Galaxy can be made, this book provides a solid foundation for the start of new observations. | | | Publisher: learn how customers can search inside this book. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0792316541?v=glance
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| | Greenwich Observatory Limited - M31, The Andromeda Galaxy |
| | Both pictures were generated using Chris Marriott's SkyMap Pro software. | | | Possibly the most distant object you will ever see with your naked eye, the Andromeda Galaxy is the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way | | | (Spread your hand and hold it at arms length; 15 degrees is approximately the distance between the tips of your index and little fingers.) The 'top left' star in the square is called Alpheratz or alpha andromedae, which tells us it's really part of the constellation Andromeda. |
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http://www.greenwich-observatory.co.uk/andromeda.html
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| | MSN Encarta - Out of This World Stars and Planets Quiz |
| | Our solar system is part of a galaxy known as the Milky Way. | | | Which of the following planets is surrounded by a band of rings? |
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http://ca.encarta.msn.com/quiz_78/Out_of_This_World_Stars_and_Planets_Quiz.html
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| | M31 - The Great Andromeda Galaxy |
| | More information about this galaxy can be found at The Messier Index - M31. | | | This galaxy is 2.9 million light years distant. | | | This image was captured on 11 October 1998 and is a composite of 46 thirty-second exposures through an 80mm f/5 short-tube refractor. |
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http://www.astroimages.org/ccd/m31.html
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| | The Great Andromeda Galaxy |
| | galaxies, both dwarf ellipticals which appear as fuzzy spots in the eyepiece. | | | pulls our Milky Way galaxy and Andromeda toward each other at 78,000 miles per hour. | | | In a small telescope it can be seen that Andromeda is attended by two satellite |
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http://www.darkskyimages.com/m31.htm
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| | Chandra :: Photo Album :: Andromeda Galaxy (M31) :: 14 Jan 00 |
| | The blue dot in the center of the image is an unusually "cool" million degree X-ray source of unknown nature. | | | This site was developed with funding from NASA under Contract NAS8-39073. | | | For the most recent Chandra results on the Andromeda galaxy, click here.] |
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http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2000/0007
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| | Andromeda Galaxy |
| | It is rather similar to our own galaxy in structure. | | | The Andromeda Galaxy, M31, is the nearest major galaxy to our own Milky Way. | | | The individual stars in the image are foreground stars in our own galaxy. |
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/andromeda.html
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| | Fletcher Photos - Andromeda Galaxy |
| | The hotter and brighter stars in the outer arms are blue and white. | | | To see a wider field view of Andromeda, go to our Schmidt Camera photo HERE | | | Lying 2 1/2 million light years away, it's the closest large companion to our own Milky Way galaxy. |
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http://www.scienceandart.com/photom31.htm
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| | Andromeda Galaxy |
| | (M31, NGC 224) The spectacular Andromeda Galaxy is the most distant object we can see with the naked eye. | | | At 2.2 light years across, it is the closest spiral Galaxy to the Milky Way. | | | Andromeda Galaxy07051c_filtered M31 with two of it's companions M32, M110. |
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http://homepage.mac.com/orbitgeo/PhotoAlbum22.html
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| | M31 - Andromeda Galaxy |
| | It forms part of the Local Group of galaxies along with our Milky Way, M33, and some others. | | | M31 is an 'island universe' - a gigantic collection of billions of stars estimated to be 2.9 million light years distant. | | | It is so bright that it is easily seen by naked eye as a faint fuzzy patch of light in the northern part of Andromeda. |
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http://www.astrocruise.com/m31.htm
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| | Andromeda |
| | More Andromeda information from U California - San Diego. | | | Take a look at the story of how Perseus slew Medusa, the mother of Pegasus, and rescued Andromeda, the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, from the sea monster Cetus. |
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http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/constellations/Andromeda.html
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