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| | Apollo Computers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Apollo Computer, Inc., founded 1980 in Chelmsford, Massachusetts by William Poduska (a founder of Prime Computer), developed and produced Apollo/Domain workstations in the 1980s. | | | Apollo also invented the revision control system DSEE (Domain Software Engineering Environment) which was later to become Rational ClearCase. | | | Apollo's networking was particularly elegant, among the first to allow demand paging over the network, and allowing a degree of network transparency and low sysadmin-to-machine ratio that is still unmatched. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Computers
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| | Clavius: Technology - computers |
| | Recall that the Apollo computer was not a general purpose computer. | | | The Apollo guidance computer had the computer power equivalent only to today's kitchen appliances, far less than what would be required to go to the moon. | | | These simple chips are not "computer chips" in the sense that they contain a computer on a single chip, but they are computer chips in that they can be used to build a computer. |
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http://www.clavius.org/techcomp.html
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| | Apollo/Domain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Although Apollo systems were very easy to use and administer, they became increasingly less cost-effective, partly because the 68K processors were slow compared to the new RISC chips from Sun and Hewlett-Packard, and partly because the proprietary operating system made software expensive compared to that developed for Unix systems. | | | Apollo Token Ring was generally the best choice, since it was extremely scalable; whilst the Ethernet of the time suffered serious performance loss as extra machines were added to the network, this was not true of ATR, which could easily have over a hundred machines on one network. | | | Apollo/Domain was a range of workstations developed and produced by Apollo Computers, Inc. from circa 1980 to 1989. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo/Domain
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| | Apollo Computers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Apollo Computer, Inc., founded 1980 in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, developed and produced Apollo/Domain workstations in the 1980s. | | | Apollo also invented the revision control system DSEE (Domain Software Engineering Environment) which was later to become Rational ClearCase. | | | Apollo's networking was particularly elegant, among the first to allow demand paging over the network, and allowing a degree of network transparency and low sysadmin-to-machine ratio that is still unmatched. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Computer
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| | Apollo Guidance Computer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Apollo flight computer was the first to use integrated circuits (ICs). | | | The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) was the first recognizably modern embedded system, used in real-time by astronaut pilots to collect and provide flight information, and to automatically control all of the navigational functions of the Apollo spacecraft. | | | Amongst the computer's other error codes was the very first '404 error', albeit that error 00404 was shorthand for "IMU orientation unknown". |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Guidance_Computer
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| | John R. "Jack" Garman, NASA MSC/JSC: Oral History Transcript |
| | Moreover, the onboard computers in Apollo were guidance computers. | | | Either the computer would put up a verb and a noun to tell you what it was displaying, or the astronaut would key in a verb and a noun to say what he or sheit was all "he" in Apollowas trying to do. | | | Apollo 14, were sitting there getting ready tothey turned on the lunar module for the first time, still attached to the command and service module, and the crews over there, starting to get ready to separate to go do the landing. |
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http://klabs.org/history/bios/garman/garman_oral_history.htm
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| | Footprints on the Moon - About the Apollo Computers |
| | The computers that formed the basis of the Apollo Guidance and Navigation System (AGS) were at the bleeding edge of technology in the 1960s. | | | As planned, the software rebooted and reinitialized the computer, and then restarted selected programs at a point in their execution flow near where they had been when the restart Apollo 11, each time a 1201 or 1202 alarm appeared, the computer rebooted, restarted the important stuff, like steering the descent engine and occurred. | | | Although the computer was slow, the operating system it used was well designed. |
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http://www.abc.net.au/science/moon/computer.htm
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| | NASA and ICs (Henry Spencer; Paul Dietz) |
| | The computer in the Polaris missile came a bit earlier (and the Apollo computer evolved from the Polaris computer to some extent, both being done by the same MIT group). | | | My recollection is that the >Apollo flight computer was among the first digital computers in space, >as well as the first miniaturized computers... | | | Using digital computers for Apollo was a fairly bold step, and there was some debate about whether it was really a smart move. |
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http://yarchive.net/space/politics/nasa_and_ICs.html
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| | Computers http |
| | Apollo Computer and Sun Microsystems, another early entrant in the work station market, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering. | | | The first personal computer with a graphical user interface, its development was central in the move to such systems for personal computers. | | | Thi Truong developed the computer and Philippe Kahn the software. |
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http://www.tomax7.com/aplus/computers_timeline2.htm
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| | David Mandel's Comments on Prime Computers |
| | Apollo Computer went on to become a major computer company. | | | Still it is sad, because Prime Computer and it's sister company, Apollo Computer, had excellent operating systems which fit many users needs better than Unix or any OS from MicroSoft. | | | In this environment, the demise of Prime Computer wasn't shocking. |
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http://www.davidmandel.com/personal/prime.html
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| | Ch7-2 |
| | In regard to consolidating all functions in one computer, IBM thought that the difficulties of integrating the two RCA computers, the DDP-224 display computer, and the telemetry reduction computers were excessive. | | | Chapter 8 centers on the use of computers in checkout and the development of the Instrument Unit and its flight computer. | | | This was implemented on the Shuttle, as the mass memory units (MMUs) contain all preflight and flight software for the primary avionics computers, the display computers, and the engine control computers. |
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http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/computers/Ch7-2.html
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| | NASM Space Artifacts: Apollo Display Keyboard (DSKY) |
| | The Apollo Guidance Computers, one installed on the Command and another on the Lunar Module, were designed by the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory (now known as the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory) based on its experience with supplying the guidance computer for the Polaris missile. | | | Nothing like the real-time interface required by the Apollo computers was known. | | | Although computers did much of the "flying" automatically, astronaut interaction was essential to the success of all Apollo missions. |
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http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/dsh/artifacts/GC-ApolloDSKY.htm
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| | Virtual AGC Home Page |
| | The result is a computer model of the AGC which is itself capable of executing the original Apollo software on (for example) a desktop PC. | | | Prior to the descent of Apollo 14's LM to the lunar surface, a short in the LM control panel caused the abort switch to be triggered intermittently. | | | The AGC was the principal onboard computer for NASA's Apollo missions, including all of the lunar landings. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/apollo
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| | 8628 |
| | Indeed, the entire Apollo network concept is based on transparency of the network and of the individual machine. | | | In acquiring Apollo Computer, HP gained a team of people who are very familiar with networking issues and solutions. | | | The O/S and other Apollo software could be merged together to form cmpexe objects for many of the products. |
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http://www.citi.umich.edu/apollo-archive/csa-archive/0086/8628
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| | Re: Where can I find information on the computers used by the Apollo missions? |
| | First, the primary navigation and guidance computer for the Apollo missions was called the AGC = Apollo Guidance Computer and, as the questioner states, was located physically in the Command Module (CM) and in the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM). | | | G Procedure for Computation for the Fundamental Matrices | | | In this memory, each computer "word" is stored by a single magnetic core. |
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http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/aug99/935551364.Cs.r.html
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| | Apollo Computers. Service that is out of this world! |
| | Apollo Computers also handles all aspects of website design, development and hosting. | | | Apollo Computers designs, implements and supports all types of Local Area Networks, Wireless Networks, as well as Enterprise level Wide Area Networks. | | | We will evaluate your virus detection/protection software and your security practices to provide you with an understanding of how viruses could propagate through your system and how to protect against them. |
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http://www.apollocomp.com
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| | 22921 |
| | The 700 series was the last attempt by HP to turn Domain-lovers onto HP-UX (their version of UNIX) by slapping the HP/Apollo logo onto a computer which could only run HP-UX. | | | That's because what you have is NOT an Apollo computer. | | | The 400 series are the last true Apollo workstations, and they perform about as well as a 486-PC running LINUX. |
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http://www.umich.edu/~archive/apollo/csa-archive/0229/22921
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| | Apollo Domain Commands |
| | Apollo Domain routes are removed from the routing table if no routing updates are heard within eight times the value of the update interval (8 interval). | | | Apollo Domain routes are marked invalid if no routing updates for those routes are heard within six times the value of the update interval (6 interval). | | | Apollo Domain access lists are collections of permit and deny conditions that apply to defined Apollo network and host numbers. |
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http://www.prz.tu-berlin.de/docs/misc/ciscodoc/data/doc/software/9_21/rpcr/79004.htm
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| | UM Apollo Archive |
| | It also includes various bug fixes for the Apollo that are not in the GNU Emacs standard distribution. | | | Gzip uses UNSTRUCT as its filetype for compressed files, so Apollo files may be safely zipped, moved to a UNIX system for storage, and retrieved and unzipped when needed. | | | Almost complete X11R5 for apollo m68ksr10 machines, compiled with version 6.9 of cc in the bsd4.3 environment on a node running sr10.4 (and with shared libraries, that must be inlib'ed at system startup). |
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http://www.umich.edu/~archive/apollo
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| | The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) |
| | The Apollo guidance computer (AGC) is a digital computer using a two-part rope core memory. | | | The computer subsystem is composed of an Apollo guidance computer (AGC), and two display and keyboard panels (DSKYs), which are part of the controls and displays. | | | The AGC is a digital computer which processes and controls information to and from the IMU and optics, and stores programs and reference data. |
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http://www.apollosaturn.com/gnc.htm
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| | apollo.faq |
| | Apollo warns of input overrun errors when using the SPE ports at speeds above 4800 baud. | | | Apollo "tar" tapes are readable on Suns, but with pre-SR10 tapes you may need to force the blocksize (if I can remember back to SR9, I think the Apollos were using a blocking factor of 1?) to match. | | | When Apollo introduced their 8mm Exabyte drive, they wrote a new tape library to support the drive; and they did *not* add support for the drive to the existing "tfp_$" library. |
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http://www.avalon.net/~orpheus/Computers/apollo-doc/apollo.faq
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| | Apollo Workstations |
| | Click here to view comments about other Apollo computers. | | | , the high-end Apollo machine, fastest machine of its time, and rivaled with the high-end SGI's in graphics performance as well. | | | The newer Apollo's (DN3500's, 4500's and 10000) run Domain/OS, the new release of Apollo's OS, which is more like normal UNIX. |
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http://www.obsoletecomputermuseum.org/apollo
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| | arc-12789.html |
| | The version 3.6b+ Apollo implementations of PLOT3D (ARC-12789) and PLOT3D/TURB3D (ARC-12785) were developed for use on Apollo computers running UNIX System V with BSD 4.3 extensions and the graphics library GMR3D Version 2.0. | | | The Apollo implementation of PLOT3D uses some of the capabilities of Apollo's 3-dimensional graphics hardware, but does not take advantage of the shading and hidden line/surface removal capabilities of the Apollo DN10000. | | | Using PLOT3D, CFD physicists can view their computational models from any angle, observing the physics of problems and the quality of solutions. |
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http://www.nttc.edu/cosmic/abstracts/arc-12789.html
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| | Apollo Domain DN300 |
| | The Apollo supported "transparent virtual memory access," a form of clustering in which adding more Apollo machines to a network improved performance. | | | It ran UNIX, FORTRAN, Pascal, and C, and had a bit- mapped color display (1024 x 1024), 16K cache, and 256MB virtual memory. |
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http://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/apollo.html
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| | TCMR-V02.html |
| | The micrologic version of the Apollo computer was constructed and tested in mid 1962 to discover the problems that the circuits might exhibit when used in large numbers. | | | It wasn't clear whether it was possible to develop the mathematics and speed of computation necessary to bring two vehicles together at a precise point in space and time-a critical issue for the Apollo missions successful landing on the moon and return to Earth. | | | A general purpose digital computer would be required to handle the data and computational needs of the spacecraft. |
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http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/TheCompMusRep/TCMR-V02.html
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| | NASM Space Artifacts: Apollo Guidance Computer, Block I |
| | Block I computers played a transitional role in Apollo, and as such are of secondary importance to their successors that were used in manned missions. | | | The result was the designation of "Block I" to the computers of the original design, and "Block II" to the later design that was installed on the Command and Lunar Modules that carried human beings. | | | The "Block I" Apollo Guidance Computer represented the initial design by the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory to meet NASA specifications for on-board Guidance, Navigation, and Control needed for a Lunar Mission. |
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http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/dsh/artifacts/GC-ApolloBlock1.htm
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| | Parallel Computing Optimization in the Apollo Domain Network |
| | The performance of parallel computing in a network of Apollo workstations where the processes use the remote procedure call (RPC) mechanism for communication is addressed. | | | Parallel Computing Optimization in the Apollo Domain Network | | | [5] L. Nelson and J. Leach, "The architecture and applications of the Apollo domain," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Apr. 1984. |
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http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/trans/ts/&toc=comp/trans/ts/1992/04/e4toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/32.129218
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| | Apollo Guidance Computer biography .ms |
| | The Apollo flight computer was the first to use integrated circuits (ICs). | | | Block I was used during the unmanned Apollo 4 and 6 flights, and was slated for the ill-fated Apollo I. The decision to expand the memory and instruction set for Block II, but to retain the Block I's restrictive 3-bit op code and 12-bit address had interesting design consequences. | | | Amongst the computer's other error codes was the very first '404_error', albeit that error 00404 was shorthand for "IMU orientation unknown". |
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http://apollo-guidance-computer.biography.ms
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