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| | Endianness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The favored bit endianness depends somewhat on where the computer users expect the binary point to be located in a number. | | | While variable-width text encodings using the byte as their base unit could be considered to have an inbuilt endianness this is (at least in all commonly used ones) fixed by the encoding's design. | | | Endianness also applies in the numbering of the bits within a byte or word. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-endian
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| | Intel(R) Big-Endian Programming Using i960(R) Processors |
| | On a big endian processor, the byte value of address 10 is 0x66; on a little endian processor, the byte value of address 10 is 0x55. | | | Big endian processors store the most significant byte in the lowest byte address; little endian processors store the lest significant byte in the lowest byte address. | | | The actual byte locations used are the same as the big endian compilation, but the data format does not match the data from the Ethernet controller. |
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http://developer.intel.com/design/i960/TECHNOTE/2638.HTM
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| | Dr. Bill's Notes on "Little Endian" vs. "Big Endian" |
| | "Big Endian" means that the high-order byte of the number is stored in memory at the lowest address, and the low-order byte at the highest address. | | | In "Big Endian" form, by having the high-order byte come first, you can always test whether the number is positive or negative by looking at the byte at offset zero. | | | What endian order means is that any time numbers are written to a file, you have to know how the file is supposed to be constructed. |
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http://www.cs.umass.edu/~verts/cs32/endian.html
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| | Introduction to Endianness - big endian, little endian, byte order, byte swap |
| | Big endian means that the most significant byte of any multibyte data field is stored at the lowest memory address, which is also the address of the larger field. | | | For that reason, it may be unwise to select a little endian processor for use in a device, such as a router or gateway, with an abundance of network functionality. | | | An endianness difference can cause problems if a computer unknowingly tries to read binary data written in the opposite format from a shared memory location or file. |
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http://www.netrino.com/Publications/Glossary/Endianness.html
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| | ascii and unicode |
| | unicode text documents have a two byte header to inform the system of which endian is used. |
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http://www.beginningtoseethelight.org/ascii
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| | Explanation of Big Endian and Little Endian Architecture |
| | The RISC-based MIPS computers and the DEC Alpha computers are configurable for Big Endian or Little Endian. | | | They are called Big Endian and Little Endian and refer to the order in which the bytes are stored in memory. | | | Windows NT was designed around Little Endian architecture and was not designed to be compatible with Big Endian because most programs are written with some dependency on Little Endian. |
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http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;102025
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| | Big endian and Little endian computers |
| | Big endian computer architectures include the IBM 370, the Motorola 68000 and Sun Sparc. | | | Suppose the address of the int is A. In a so-called big endian computer, the highest order byte is stored at A, and the lowest order byte is stored at address A+3. | | | If this were to be stored at address A in a big endian computer, 00 would be at address A, 01 at address A+1 64 at address A+2, and C1 at address A+3. |
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http://www.cs.rpi.edu/courses/sysprog/sockets/byteorder.html
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| | Formats : Byte Ordering on Big Endian and Little Endian Platforms |
| | On little endian platforms, the value 1 is stored in one byte as 01 (the same as big endian), in two bytes as 01 00, and in four bytes as 01 00 00 00. | | | On big endian platforms, the value 1 is stored in binary and is represented here in hexadecimal notation. | | | These colloquial terms are used to describe byte ordering for IBM mainframes (big endian) and for Intel-based platforms (little endian). |
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http://www.otago.ac.nz/sas/lgref/z1270373.htm
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| | Big Endian / Little Endian |
| | To avoid problems in a heterogeneous network, binary numbers are converted to Network Standard Format (Big Endian) before transmission. | | | In this story the Lilliputians were divided into the Big Endians and the Little Endians based on which end of a boiled egg they believed should be opened. | | | For example, consider how the decimal number 258 (0100000010 in binary) would be stored in as a 16 bit binary number. |
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http://williams.comp.ncat.edu/Endian.htm
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| | DAV's Endian FAQ |
| | I.e., if the system is big endian, it probably stored the data on the disk in big endian format to begin with, so it matches. | | | A big endian MC68340 was handling the little endian ISA bus. | | | Most Unix machines (HP, Digital..) are big endian. |
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http://www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/endian_faq.html
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| | BYTE.com |
| | (The term endian is derived from a passage in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.) Some machines, such as VAXes and systems based on the Intel x86 or the Pentium, are little-endian machines; others, such as the IBM System 370, machines based on the Motorola 680x0, and most RISC machines, are big-endian. | | | For a given multibyte scalar value, big- and little-endian formats are byte-reversed mappings of each other. | | | The OS establishes the endian mode in which processes execute; the default mode is big-endian. |
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http://www.byte.com/art/9509/sec12/art1.htm
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| | Sun Microsystems-Reality Check |
| | Big endian systems store the most significant byte in the lowest numeric byte address. | | | With computers, as with eggs, big endian systems and little endian systems perform equally well and neither system is inherently better than the other. | | | The difficulties surrounding interoperability of different endian systems is apparent when a big endian system attempts to read data stored by a little endian system (or vice versa). |
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http://www.sun.com/realitycheck/headsup980803.html
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| | Big/Little endian determination |
| | On a big endian machine, only the rightmost bit will be 1, all others 0. | | | On a little endian machine, the rightmost byte will always be 0 due to byte-swapping. | | | You can have a peek at this rightmost byte and read: if you find a zero you are on a little-endian machine. |
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http://ndevilla.free.fr/endian
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| | Little Endian vs. Big Endian |
| | The original machines—RS/6000s were big endian machine, while the new systems, DEC Alphas, used little endian. | | | The technical phrasing of the question is "Why does Intel uses ‘Little Endian’ addressing as supposed to ‘Big Endian’ ?", which is somewhat less judgmental on which is the "correct" way of doing it. | | | Had the old machines used the little endian method, either machine could have read it’s choice of either the first 32 bits or the entire 64 bits of a single file, and the same number would have been yielded. |
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http://www.noveltheory.com/TechPapers/endian.asp
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| | Handling big/little endian issues |
| | SWAPENDIAN will convert from one endian format to the other.If the data is currently little endian, after the swap you have big endian format. | | | For processor dataprimitives which are larger than one byte the "endian" is the byte orderin which the data is stored to memory. | | | On a little endian processor the lowest byte in memory of the type is 34h and the next byte is 12h. |
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http://www.modula2.org/sb/websitearchive/env/index648.htm
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| | big-endian and little-endian - a Whatis.com definition |
| | Big-endian and little-endian are terms that describe the order in which a sequence of bytes are stored in computer memory. | | | Big-endian is an order in which the "big end" (most significant value in the sequence) is stored first (at the lowest storage address). | | | That is, there is no attempt to be big- or little-endian about the entire bit stream represented by a given number of stored bytes. |
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http://whatis.techtarget.com/gDefinition/0,294236,sid5_gci211659,00.html
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| | Little-endian-to-Big-endian Conversion |
| | C prepare a big endian representation of data | | | C read big endian data and operate with them on | | | See error messages that may be issued during the little endian – big endian conversion. |
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http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/services/userguides/intel8/fc/f_ug2/cmp_endi.htm
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| | C++ Programming: How do i swap the bits in a byte to change it from big endian to little endian. |
| | C++ Programming: How do i swap the bits in a byte to change it from big endian to little endian. | | | I need to take a 1 byte char and swap the bits to change it from little endian to big endian. | | | Thanks grg99 - It turns out i was initially correct in doing an endian change on the bytes of the data - and it wasn't a bits swap. |
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http://www.experts-exchange.com/Programming/Programming_Languages/Cplusplus/Q_20881919.html
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| | [acm-talk] little & big endian? |
| | Short answer: The main thing about endianness is that it only affects the way suff is stored in memory, and not how the computer thinks. | | | Repeat for a little-endian machine and the int is stored as '01 00 00 00' (Note I'm ignoring the order of the bits, but memory is rarely bit addressable at the hardware level.) Now when you do your cast to char * and read, you get 1. | | | While in C the read functions read to a void pointer, and you can use ints/structs/u-name-its, in reality the only thing that the file or the network handles is octets, and the other stuff isn't portable between endians. |
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http://acm.cwru.edu/pipermail/acm-talk/2002-December/000465.html
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| | Everything about hacks on PalmOS 5 79bmedia GmbH |
| | The m68k CPUs uses big endian (the most significant byte comes first), the ARM processors, as well as the Pentium line, btw, use little endian (least significant bytes come first). | | | On big endian systems like the m68k CPUs, "UNIX" would be stored as "UNIX". | | | On little endian systems like the ARM CPU or your Pentium III at home it would be stored as "NUXI" (you see, different byte order). |
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http://www.79bmedia.com/hacks/hack5.html
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| | Linux/MIPS HOWTO |
| | Big endian machines store the byte with the highest value digits at the lowest address while little endian machines store it at the highest address. | | | A Debian distribution for both little and big endian machines can be found at http://www.debian.org/ports/mips/. | | | When running in big endian mode, the firmware looks similar to an SGI Indy which is already supported, therefore fixing the SNI support will be relatively easy. |
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http://oss.sgi.com/mips/mips-howto.html
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| | [C] Big endian machines |
| | Re: Big endian machines By: Bo Simonsen to All on Thu Jan 15 2004 02:06 am > Could someone please give me a advice of what I should keep in mind, > then I won't to write Endian-less software? | | | A 32-bit integer stored as 8 hex characters will take up twice the storage space as the binary equivalent, but it will have no endian issues. | | | If you are going to store integers on disk in binary (for storage or performance reasons), then you will need to use intelligent macros to convert to/from the native integer format for some platforms. |
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http://www.snippets.org/pipermail/c/2004-January/000289.html
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| | jogja.linux.or.id - Little Endian Vs Big Endian (bagian II) |
| | tiba tiba saja, little endian tidak hanya terlihat benarm akan tetapi juga bereaksi tepat, sebagaimana little endian dapat bertambah ke kiri tanpa mengafeksi bytes yang sudah ada dan malah metode big endian berbalik ke ganjil dan aneh yang mana pengorderan byte nya tidak mengikuti beberapa “aturan”. | | | Kita dapat saja menggeser byte pertama ke kanan, mengubah alamat nya, dan kemudian extensikan urutan bilangan ke arah kiri (the big endian form) | | | mesin asli —RS/6000s adalah mesin big endian, ketika system baru, DEC Alphas, menggunakan little endian. |
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http://jogja.linux.or.id/berita/arsip/2004/12/18/little-endian-vs-big-endian-bagian-ii
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| | LinuxCIO - The Linux and Open Source Resource for IT Executives |
| | One of the other big tests of SUN’s approach to open source, is who will have check-in privileges to the main source tree. | | | However, if SUN is going to control who can check in the code, as well as maintain feature set congruence with big brother Solaris/SPARC, then any of the benefits of an open source environment rapidly disappear. | | | The big part that confuses me about Janus is that SUN has a made a big deal about IP protection in Solaris 10, and offering indemnity. |
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http://www.linuxcio.com/BlogNov04.html
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| | endian : Java Glossary |
| | Most people new to Java coming from C think that they need to code differently depending on whether the machine they are using internally represents integers as big or little endian. | | | If a machine is word addressable, with no finer addressing supported, the concept of endianness means nothing since words are fetched from RAM in parallel, both ends first. | | | At an assembler level fields of mixed positive integers and text can be sorted as if it were one big text field key. |
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http://mindprod.com/jgloss/endian.html
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| | Big Endian Patches |
| | I looked at the TDSDUMP logs and noticed what you were saying so looking at tds_convert_datetime() and tds_convert_datetime4(), I saw that the problem is the SOURCE data and the byte swapping for big endian was only occurring when the destination was also a SYBDATETIME[4] data type. | | | To resolve that, I moved the byte swap code to the front of the function so that it would take effect regardless of what the target data type was since the problem is in the source data type. |
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http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/freetds/2001q1/003635.html
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| | Comp.compilers: Re: Help: How to determine big/little endian? |
| | But if one machine is a big endian and the other a | | | machines are big endian, then both encode doubles the same way, and the | | | little endian, then one expects the high-order word first and the other |
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http://compilers.iecc.com/comparch/article/95-09-008
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| | Physics software rant |
| | transmit data over a network (where the data format should be "big-endian"), store data into a file in binary format (where the specific endianness doesn't matter, but must be kept consistent for the file to be usable on different platforms), or retrieve data from a binary file. | | | Another important factor to consider is the issue of endianness. | | | It also makes another big mistake, that of trying to install compiled source code into the target directory immediately. |
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http://www.princeton.edu/%7Ekmccarty/physics-software-rant.html
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| | Geek.com Geek News - Is it Amd or AMD? |
| | Little endian and big endian has to do with the way words (several bytes)are handled and treated by the CPU. | | | Big endian has it's limits for non natural handling at larger word sizes. | | | I think they are on a dead end hardware wise, they need double even quadruple cpu's to keep up with a middle of the road little endian machine like AMD or Intel. |
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http://www.geek.com/news/geeknews/2002Nov/bch20021127017519.htm
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