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Topic: Bonner Durchmusterung



  
 Optional CD ROM Files: STARS
Bonner Durchmusterung (BD): A visual survey cataloging 325,037 stars between +89 degrees and -1 degrees dec with a nominal limiting magnitude of 9.5.
Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (CPD): A photographic survey of 454,877 southern stars between -18 degrees and -90 degrees dec. Complete to photographic magnitude 9.2, but is also practically complete, in or near the Milky Way, to magnitude 9.5.
Cordoba Durchmusterung (CoD): A visual extension of the Bonner Durchmusterung (BD) containing 613,959 southern stars between -22 degrees and -89 degrees (equinox 1875) with a limiting magnitude somewhat below 10.
http://www.willbell.com/software/hypersky/stars.htm

  
 [No title]
Unlike the Bonner Durchmusterung, where there had been numerous stars added and deleted, changes in supplemental entries from version to version, and a large number of data corrections, the changes to the SD are relatively few and can be documented in a single table.
The following codes are used (we describe all codes used in the Durchmusterung catalogs; not all are used in the SD): 20.0 neb (denoting a nebula); 30.0 var (denoting variability); 40.0 nova or nova?; 50.0 cum (denoting the cumulative [integrated] mag- nitude estimate of a cluster of stars).
Visual magnitude Magnitude as estimated by the observer or magnitude code to denote non-numerical entries in the published catalogs.
http://www.to.astro.it/astrometry/Astrometry/DIRA2/DIRA2_doc/SD/SD_NSSDC_89-06.TXT

  
 [No title]
The goal of the survey was to obtain a position and estimated visual magnitude for every star visible with the 78-mm Bonn telescope.
This data set includes 2 table, 0 image/graphic, and 1 text files.
Click on File Name to review table fields and notes.
http://nvo.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/catalogs/1/1122

  
 Barnard's Photographic Atlas of Selected Regions of the Milky Way
The magnitude in the third column is the visual estimate for the star as given in the Bonner or the Cordoba Durchmusterung.
These numbered stars and objects are listed in the tables that face the diagrams, with their positions for 1875.0 and the other data which were thought to be useful.
Numbers taken from Dreyer's extensions of the N.G.C., published in the first and second index catalogues, are designated as N.G.C. I and II.
http://www.library.gatech.edu/about_us/digital/barnard/intro2.html

  
 Catalog of Positions of Infrared Stellar Sources -- Original 1994 information
Of the IRAS PSC stars with Durchmusterung identifications, 33,678 have a position in one of the optical catalogs.
The important fact for this work is that there seems to be no advantage in using the (V-K)0 color to estimate the K magnitudes for stars without confirmed identifications.
For stars north of -23 degrees, the number is from the Bonner Durchmusterung or Southern Durchmusterung (henceforth BD for both).
http://ad.usno.navy.mil/cpirss/cpirss_1994.html

  
 Astrometry at Sternwarte Bonn
Hipparcos (the first astrometric satellite), which measured about 120.000 stars up to the limiting magnitude V=12 mag distributed over the complete sky, has determined positions with a mean error of 0.7 milliarseconds (mas), proper motions with an error of 0.8 mas/yr and parallaxes with an error of 1.0 mas (for stars brighter than V=9 mag).
Two different topics of astrometric research can be defined: investigations of objects distributed over the whole sky (Global Sky Projects) and investigations in limited regions of the sky (Small Field Astrometry).
Some 150 years after the `Bonner Durchmusterung', present day satellite missions provide astronomers with the most comprehensive information on positions, proper motions, magnitudes and distances of stars over the complete sky.
http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~webstw/science/astrometry.html

  
 Vargas Organisation, London
A table is spread with a sheet from the atlas, a worker is engaged in systematically erasing all the data on the map.
The survey recorded the position and estimated visual magnitude of 324,198 stars visible with the 78mm Bonn telescope.
Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander’s Atlas des Nördlichen Gesternten Himmels (1863) is the companion to the catalogue known as the Bonner Durchmusterung, a sky survey undertaken by Argelander and his assistants in 1852.
http://www.vargas.org.uk/artists/anthony_auerbach/adw.html

  
 SD
The data in the machine-readable form were keyed directly to disk storage from the published catalogues at the CDS de Strasbourg and at the ADC of the NSSDC at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
The distribution of SD work is given in the following table:
Schönfeld E., 1886, Bonner Sternverzeichniss, vierte Sektion, Astron.
http://www.to.astro.it/astrometry/Astrometry/DIRA2/DIRA2_doc/SD/SD.HTML

  
 Star catalogue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Catalogue astrographique (Astrographic Catalogue) was part of the international Carte du ciel programme designed to photograph and measure the positions of all stars brighter than magnitude 11.0.
The cross-references with the Draper and Durchmusterung catalogue numbers in the latest edition are also useful.
Unfortunately, a lot of catalogues cross-reference the Durchmusterungs without specifying which one is used in the zones of overlap, so some confusion often remains.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Photographic_Durchmusterung

  
 Durchmusterung Catalogs
The catalogs were printed in 1993 by the Astronomical Data Center (now NSSDC) as part of an extensive program which corrected many of the original errors and interleaved the supplemental BD stars in their proper order.
Printed versions of the three Durchmusterung Catalogs (Bonner, Cordoba, and Cape Photographic) are available in limited quantities from the ASP.
Orders by check or P.O. should be sent to:
http://pasp.phys.uvic.ca/durch.html

  
 Estimation de la magnitude de comètes
BD Bonner Durchmusterung (Argelander et al.) [ICQ 2, 59; 4, 63]
HS V magnitudes from Hubble Space Telescope astrometric catalogue of stars on compact disk [see ICQ 15, 60]
PD "Photometrische Durchmusterung: Generalkatalog", by G. Mueller and P. Kempf (1907), in Publ.
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/commission.des.cometes/estimation_de_la_magnitude.htm

  
 Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August
His Uranometrica nova 1843 introduced the 'estimation by steps' method for determining stellar magnitudes with the naked eye.
This catalogued the position and brightness of nearly 324,000 stars, and although it was the last major catalogue to be produced without the aid of photography, its value is such that it was reprinted as recently as 1950.
An extension of Bessel's study of stars in the northern sky eventually resulted in the publication of the Bonner Durchmusterung/Bonn Survey.
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/A/Argelander/1.html

  
 Bonner Durchmusterung
DATASET: These files compose HyperSky dataset S-19, version 19941231.
The HyperSky files are based on the version of the catalog available as ADC catalog #1122.
BD zones -02 to -23 (known as the Southern Durchmusterung, or SD) were made available in a separate machine-readable catalog.
http://www.willbell.com/software/hypersky/bd.htm

  
 Catalogs from the Library of the Astronomical Institue of the University of Amsterdam (11/14/00)
3 vols., NASA reference publication 1300 Bonner Durchmusterung comp.
4 vols., NASA reference publication 1299 Cape photographic Durchmusterung / comp.
http://www.aas.org/donation/BOOKS/bd-7.html

  
 [No title]
CoD/CD Thome, J. 1892-1932, "Cordoba Durchmusterung, Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino" 16 (1892, Part I: -22 to -32 Degrees), 17 (1894, Part II: -32 to -42 Degrees), 18 (1900, Part III: -42 to -52 Degrees), 21 (Part I) (1914, Part IV, -52 to -62 Degrees), 21 (Part II) (1932, Part V: -61 to -90 Degrees).
Revision of Argelander's first edition: Schoenfeld, E. 1886, "Bonner Sternverzeichniss", Vierte Sektion, Astronomische Beobachtungen auf der Sternwarte der Koeniglichen Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet zu Bonn 8, Part IV (Bonn: Adolph Marcus); Kuestner, F. 1903, "Bonner Durchmusterung des Noerdlichen Himmels, zweite berichtigte Auflage", Bonn Universitaets-Sternwarte.
CPD Gill, D. and Kapteyn, J. 1895-1900, "Cape Photographic Durchmusterung", Ann.
http://www.sai.msu.su/groups/cluster/gcvs/gcvs/abbrev.txt

  
 Lexikonia - les informations environ Bonner Durchmusterung
votre recherche: "Bonner Durchmusterung", nos résultats tout environ "Bonner Durchmusterung"
Comme il ne couvrait que l'hémisphère céleste septentrional et une partie de l'austral (étant compilé depuis l'observatoire de Bonn), il fut augmenté par le Sudentliche Durchmusterung (SD), qui couvrait les déclinaisons de -1 à -23 degrés ( 1886, 133 659 étoiles).
Les noms d'étoiles de ces catalogues incluent les initiales du catalogue (bien que le Sudentliche suive l'exemple du Bonner et utilise BD; CPD est fréquemment raccourci à CP), suivi de l'angle de déclinaison de l'étoile (tronqué, allant ainsi de +00 à +89 et de -00 à -89), suivit d'un chiffre.
http://www.lexikonia.info/113070_bonner_durchmusterung.htm

  
 ASP: The Nearest Stars: A Guided Tour
For example, alpha Centauri is the brightest star in the constellation Centaurus.
The other names refer to stars found in individual surveys of the sky.
(Alpha is the first letter in the Greek alphabet.) "BD'' stands for "Bonner Durchmusterung,'' a 19th-century star catalog.
http://www.astrosociety.org/education/publications/tnl/05/05.html

  
 ADC CD-ROM: Selected Astronomical Catalogs, Volume 2
All the other software files are in flat ASCII format.
For example, this CD-ROM contains the large Durchmusterung catalogs that did not fit on Volume 1, as well as some other large catalogs like the Hipparcos and Tycho catalogs.
The catalogs cover a variety of subjects and were selected because they are large or frequently requested.
http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/adccdrom2_doc.html

  
 Richard Anthony Proctor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
isographic projection, exhibiting all the stars contained in the Bonner Durchmusterung, was designed to show the laws according to which the stars down to the 910th magnitude are distributed over the northern heavens.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Anthony_Proctor

  
 [No title]
Durchmusterung DM The DM, or Durchmusterung, catalog was compiled in the late 1800's and contains magnitude estimates made by eyeball and guesswork.
The DM is also divided into three sections, the BD or Bonner Dorchmusterung, compiled for declination s of about -20 degrees and north; the CD or Cordoba Dorch- musterung, compiled for declinations between about -20 and -50 degrees; and the CPD, or CP, Cape Photographic Durchmusterung, for stars south of -50 degrees.
Later catalogs used photoelectric gear, getting more precise values, but the DM catalog is still in use for historical reasons.
http://www.projectpluto.com/gloss/help_6.htm

  
 Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August on Encyclopedia.com
The results of his observations appear in the Bonner Durchmusterung (1862), which records the positions and brightness of more than 324,000 stars (up to the ninth magnitude) in the northern heavens.
He became director of the observatory at the Univ. of Bonn in 1837 and continued there the work of determining the positions of stars that F. Bessel had begun at Königsberg.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/A/Argeland.asp

  
 Bonner Durchmusterung --  Encyclopædia Britannica
Provides information on the foundation's work in support of human rights, an archive of articles and position papers, and biographies of Sakharov and his wife, Elena Bonner.
More results on "Bonner Durchmusterung" when you join.
Organization founded in honor of the life and work of Sakharov.
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9080624

  
 Physics Calender
He is the first to study stars whose brightness is variable, and helped compile a catalog called Bonner Durchmusterung which lists the positions and magnitudes of 324 188 stars.
http://www.northernsecondary.toronto.on.ca/isu.html

  
 Virtual Eclipse - Science Fiction - Encyclopedia - B
The four Durchmusterungs have now been combined into one, and the letters BD have been replaced by DM.
After a space a second number was listed.
Forcefield technician term for a forcefield that protects the structure of a building (and its occupants) from physical and energy weapons.
http://www32.brinkster.com/virtualeclipse/scifi/pedia/b.htm

  
 Remote query
Example graphics translation files (see Section 18.3) are available to customise charts produced using most of these catalogues (see Section 18.3.1).
2 ], the SAO Catalog, the Bonner Durchmusterung and objects in
http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/notes/starlink/sun190.htx/node56.html

  
 ADS Bibliographic Codes: Journal Abbreviations
Bonner Durchmusterung BoLMe Boundary-Layer Meteorology Brain Brain BVVSA Bratislava Veda Vydavatelstvo Slovenskej Akademie Vied BFWSG Braunschweig Friedr Vieweg und Sohn GmbH BTUM.
Cordoba Durchmusterung CosSe Cosmic Search Summer CosRe Cosmological Research CTP..
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/journals.html

  
 Gliese 710
The catalogue became famous as the Bonner Durchmusterung ("Bonn Survey") and is typically abbreviated as BD.
The star was first designated as BD-01 3474 in a catalogue that was originally published in 1863 by Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander (1799-1875) on the position and brightness of 324,198 stars between +90° and -2° declination that were measured over 11 years from Bonn, Germany with his assistants Eduard Schönfeld (1828-1891) and Aldalbert Krüger (1832-1896).
Gliese 710 is a relatively dim, main sequence orange-red or red dwarf star of spectral and luminosity K5-M1 V ( ARICNS ; Joy and Abt, 1974 ; and Upgren et al, 1972).
http://www.solstation.com/stars2/gl710.htm

  
 Star Names
BD and CD are sometimes combined as "DM" for "Durchmusterung." Precession has now moved many stars out of their original declination strips.
The most famed general catalogue for fainter stars, the "Bonner Durchmusterung" (the Bonn Survey), was compiled in Germany in the nineteenth century and lists stars through around tenth magnitude (some 50 times fainter than the eye can see alone).
The most commonly used catalogue for fainter (as well as brighter) stars is the Henry Draper (HD) Memorial Catalogue, which serially numbers stars through roughly tenth magnitude to the east of the vernal equinox (according to right ascension in the year 1900) independently of declination.
http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/projects/sow/starname.html

  
 what is a star
Argelander, the initiator of the BD, believed that there would be few variables and brought in a system of naming them with the last 9 remaining capital letters of the alphabet (R to Z) followed by the Latin genitive version of the constellation name.
Hence Alpha Orionis, which is slightly variable, is more often called Betelgeuse, and Omicron Ceti is Mira - a name which also stands for the class of Long Period Variables of which Mira was the first to be found by D Fabricius in 1596.
After 1850, the great Durchmusterung surveys (Bonner Durchmusterung {BD} North and South, Cordoba Durchmusterung {CD}, and Cape Photographic Durchmusterung) catalogued hundreds of thousands of stars and led to many new discoveries.
http://www.britastro.org/vss/nomencl.html

  
 Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander ( March 22 1799 – February 17 1875) was a Prussian astronomer, born in Memel in the Kingdom of Prussia (now Klaipeda in Lithuania), and best known for his work in recording the positions of stars.
Together with Adalbert Krüger and Eduard Schönfeld, he was responsible for the star catalogue known as the Bonner Durchmusterung, published between 1852 and 1859, which gave the positions and brightness of more than 324,000 stars, although it did not cover much of the southern half of the sky.
He won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1863.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/friedrich_wilhelm_argelander

  
 [No title]
Supernovae are designated by a year and a letter (e.g.
These are known as the Bonner Durchmusterung (BD), which covers stars in the northern half of the sky; the Sudentliche Durchmusterung (SD), which covers stars between declinations -1 and -23 degrees; the Cordoba Durchmusterung (CD), which covers declinations -22 to -90; and the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (CP), which covers -18 to -90.
The "Durchmusterung" option provides a way to find stars in the four catalogs of the DM Catalog.
http://www.projectpluto.com/manual/page10.htm

  
 Cordoba Durchmusterung (CD)
A southern extension of the Bonner Durchmusterung, compiled from observations at the Cordoba Observatory, Argentina, by J. Thome and published in the Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino from 1892 onward.
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/Cordoba_Durchmusterung.html

  
 Star Catalogs
This work was complimented by the Cordoba Durchmusterung of the Southern Sky, published 1892.
A pioneering work in the area of photographic stellar photometry was Karl Schwarzschild's (1873-1916) Göttinger Aktinometrie, created 1904-1908.
A milestone was set by Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander (1799-1875) who, together with his coworkers Adalbert Krüger (1832-1896) and Eduard Schönfeld (1828-1891) compiled the monumental Bonner Durchmusterung (BD) between 1852-1859.
http://www.seds.org/~spider/Spider/Misc/star_cats.html

  
 PAS General Articles
One is the Bonner Durchmusterung, compiled at Bonn Observatory starting in 1837.
Faint stars are designated in different ways in catalogs prepared and used by astronomers.
A third of a million stars are listed by "BD numbers." The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) Catalogue, the Yale Star Catalog, and The Henry Draper Catalog published by Harvard College Observatory are all widely used by astronomers.
http://www.astronomical.org/astbook/star.html

  
 CD-23 17699 / Gl 884
The BD and CD were greatly expanded and extended into the modern age of photographic surveys with the subsequent creation of the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung from South Africa.
Its designation as CD-23 17699 came from a visual survey of southern stars begun in 1892 at the Astronomical Observatory of Cordoba in Argentina under the direction of its second director John M. Thome (1843-1908).
Thome died before the completion of this southern sky atlas in 1914, when 578,802 stars from declination -22° to -90° were published as the Cordoba Durchmusterung ("Survey").
http://www.solstation.com/stars/gl884.htm

  
 ACT Reference Catalog
To enable rapid access of specific stars in the catalog, WCSTools software numbers each star using its RA region number (0000-2330) and a five-digit star number within each region, separated by a decimal point.
Photometric data (B and V) from Tycho are included, as well as cross references to the Tycho, AC 2000, Bonner Durchmusterung (BD), Cordoba Durchmusterung (CD), Cape Durchmusterung (CpD), Henry Draper (HD) and Hipparcos Catalogues.
http://tdc-www.harvard.edu/software/catalogs/act.html

  
 IPCOSTARS - Einstein Count Rates for IPC O Stars
Multiple observations of a given object are indicated by the apperance of more than one sequence number.
A number assigned to the source for the purpose of this catalog.
Name derived either from the Henry Draper identification or the Bonner Durchmusterung identification.
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/einstein/ipcostars.html

  
 Sky Charts Download
Index to search by Cordoba Durchmusterung CD number
Index to search by Bonner Durchmusterung and Southern Durchmusterung BD number
Index to search by Cape Photographic Durchmusterung CPD number
http://www.stargazing.net/astropc/download.html

  
 Ancient Suns — FAQ: DM
Bonner DM (BD): +89 to -01 degrees declination
A series of catalogs, starting with the Bonner Durchmusterung (BD), initially researched by F.W.A. Argelander, 1859-62, using the 78-mm telescope in Bonn, Germany.
Other catalogs later extended the range of sky covered.
http://ancientsuns.com/faq/dm.html

  
 bdp: General Abbreviations
This file lists the abbreviations used in the Budapest bibiliography for the subject text.
amplitude An Anonymous AsB asymptotic branch Ass association B Bailey b blue BD Bonner Durchmusterung br.
http://obswww.unige.ch/webda/bdp_abr_cont.html

  
 PPM - Positions and Proper Motions Catalog
The PPM number of the Supplement stars is a running number, starting with 400 001, and ending with 400 321.
The character 'x' denotes peculiar DM suffixes which are given in the List of Remarks on Individual Stars available from the HEASARC.
Designation of the star in the Durchmusterung Catalogs: in the Bonner Durchmusterung (BD) for zones from +89 to -22 degrees, and in the Cordoba Durchmusterung (CoD) for zones from -23 to -89 degrees).
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/star-catalog/ppm.html

  
 [No title]
Bonner Durchmusterung, by F. Argelander, 185942, with extension by E. Schönfeld, 1886.
Cape Photographic Durchmusterung, published in Cape Annals, 3, 4 and 5.
Older catalogues are based on meridian circle observations, later catalogues on photographic observations.
http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~baa/computing/handbo~1.htm

  
 Origen del Universo
Con instrumentos precisos como bolómetros y radiómetros, los astrónomos pueden medir en la actualidad diferencias de hasta una centésima de magnitud.
La magnitud media de cientos de estrellas que se encontró en el Bonner Durchmusterung, preparado sobre el año 1860 por el astrónomo alemán Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander, se adoptó como patrón en la escala a efectos de determinación de magnitudes.
En esa ciudad concluyó su obra más importante, Bonner Durchmusterung.
http://html.rincondelvago.com/origen-del-universo_2.html

  
 SAO - Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog
The Durchmusterung identification (BD, CD, or CP number), and component identification if there are two or more SAO stars having the same DM number.
The star number in the specific source catalog specified in the ref_source_cat parameter.
The Henry Draper Catalog (HD or HDE) Number.
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/all/sao.html

  
 Field 13: DM number
DM identification numbers for stars in the Bonner Durchmusterung, the Cordoba Durchmusterung, and the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (BD, CD or CPD respectively) are given following the HD convention, i.e.
Next: Field 14: HD/HDE Up: Annex 1Fields Previous: Annex 1Fields
http://wwwhip.obspm.fr/hipparcos/introsp1136/node108.html

  
 How Stars Are Named
The stellar astronomical community exploded into a flurry of catalogs, with each astronomer listing newly discovered stars by his own numbering system.
However, most astronomers just numbered them in the order they discovered them, giving us such creative and informative star names as Henry Draper (HD) 95735.
Some astronomers at least had the decency to number the stars according to what declination (degrees north or south of the celestial equator) they were discovered at, so that we get catalog names such as Bonner Durchmusterung (BD) +5°1668 and Catalogue Astrographigue (AC) -24°2833-183.
http://www.stellar-database.com/naming.html

  
 How Stars are Named
When these 334 letter combinations are used up the next is designated with a V plus a running number; e.g.
BD numbers: These come from a catalog made in the middle of the 19th century at Bonn (Bonner Durchmusterung).
The Bright Star Catalog: Stars brighter than 6.5 mag are given a running number by increasing RA, with HR or BS before it; e.g.
http://www.sal.wisc.edu/WUPPE/namestar.html

  
 The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August (1799-1875)@ HighBeam Research
Prussian astronomer whose approach to the subject was one of great resourcefulness and thoroughness.
His most enduring contribution was the publication of the Bonner Durchmusterung/Bonn Survey (1859-1862) of more than 300,000 stars in the northern hemisphere.
http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:99915684&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf

  
 Sternwarte der Universität Bonn
Vor seiner Bonner Zeit hatte er sich am Mt. Wilson- Observatorium mit Sternspektroskopie und Leuchtkraftbestimmung von Sternen beschäftigt.
1920) leitete die Bonner Sternwarte von 1966 bis 1985.
Die Sternwarte erhielt 1952 mit dem Bau des Observatoriums am Hohen List eine Außenstelle, die es bis heute ermöglicht, leistungsfähige optische Beobachtungen durchzuführen, sowie neue Zusatzgeräte zu entwickeln, die zum Teil in andere Observatorien (Calar Alto, VST) integriert wurden.
http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~webstw/stwub/hist.html

  
 exhibit01_Bonner
Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander, 1799-1935, a German astronomer who worked in Finland and Prussia, produced the most important sky survey of the 19th century, the Bonner Durchmusterung (Bonn Sky Survey), first published from 1859-1862.
What other patterns can you make from these stars?
It indicates the location of more than 300,000 stars, including the ones shown here in the vicinity of Orion.
http://www.dudleyobservatory.org/Exhibits/exhibit01_bonner.htm

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