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| | Z80 CPU architecture |
 | | The Z80 CPU is an 8-bits processor witch was constructed in the beginning of July 1976, with ideas from Intel 8080. | | | The Z80 CPU has with Intel, inspired to the global processor development and are still alive today more than 20 years after it's construction and it seems like it will continue to live many years more. | | | The Z80 CPU instructions-length can be from one to four bytes long. |
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http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Peaks/3938/z80arki.htm
(623 words)
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| | Central processing unit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The central processing unit (CPU) is the part of a computer that interprets and carries out the instructions contained in the software. | | | The term "CPU" often refers—imprecisely—to other centrally important parts of a computer, such as caches and input/output controllers, especially when those functions exist on the same microprocessor chip as the CPU. | | | Rather, the CPU, as a functional unit, consists of that part of the computer which actually executes the instructions (add, subtract, shift, fetch, etc.). |
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http://www.hackettstown.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Central_processing_unit
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| | 8086 Architecture |
| | The CPU must perform two memory read cycles: one to fetch the low-order byte and a second to fetch the high-order byte. | | | The microprocessors functions as the CPU in the stored program model of the digital computer. | | | The advantage of this pipelined architecture is that the EU can execute instructions almost continually instead of having to wait for the BIU to fetch a new instruction. |
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http://telnet7.tripod.com/articles/8086_achitecture.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Only the CPU knows in what order the program's instructions were actually executed, and in that respect the processor is like a black box to both the programmer and the user. | | | In cooperative multitasking systems, some programs would monopolize the CPU and not let it go, with the result that the whole system would grind to a halt. | | | To the end user, it appears as if the processor is "running" more than one program at the same time, and indeed, there actually are multiple programs loaded into memory. |
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http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/cpu/hyperthreading.ars/1
(1279 words)
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| | Real World Technologies - Back to Basics - Laying the Foundation |
| | While an architecture can be implemented with scalar instructions or with vector instructions or both, all architectures must employ control instructions. | | | One example would be if you are just summing N numbers and you need to call the "count" procedure to figure out exactly what the Nth number is. Then the processor has to switch to this other procedure in the instruction stream, but unlike a branch, it must also store where it came from. | | | This is the first in a series of articles that are meant to provide an introduction and overview of computer architecture. |
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http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?AID=RWT020503085004
(830 words)
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| | CPU Architecture |
| | The Nios embedded processor implements the CPU with separate data and instruction-memory bus masters, generally known as a modified-Harvard memory architecture. | | | The Nios CPU architecture has a large general-purpose windowed register file, several machine-control registers, a program counter, and the K register that is used for instruction prefixing. | | | The Nios CPU is a five-stage pipelined general-purpose RISC microprocessor that supports both a 32-bit and 16-bit data path. |
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http://www.altera.com/products/ip/processors/nios/features/nio-cpu_architecture.html
(1059 words)
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| | How the CPU works |
| | Since the CPU carries out a large share of the work in the computer, data pass continually through it. | | | Each type of CPU is designed to understand a specific group of instruction called the instruction set. | | | The location in memory for each instruction and each piece of data is identified by an address, or a number that stands for a location in the computer memory. |
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http://www.geocities.com/cfleri/work.html
(373 words)
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| | CPU Design HOW-TO |
| | CPU is the "brain" of computer and is a very vital component of computer system and is like a "cousin brother" of operating system (Linux or Unix). | | | The hardware structure or architecture determines to a large extent what the possibilities and impossibilities are in speeding up a computer system beyond the performance of a single CPU. | | | Since many years the taxonomy of Flynn has proven to be useful for the classification of high-performance computers. |
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http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/CPU-Design-HOWTO.html#ss10.1
(7140 words)
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| | TRON VLSI CPU Introduction |
| | Accordingly, the TRON VLSI CPU specification had to describe a general-purpose microprocessor architecture with real-time enhancements that could readily be applied to embedded systems in addition to personal computers and workstations, and it had to embody state-of the-art microprocessor technology as it existed in the mid 1980s when the architecture was laid down. | | | The TRON VLSI CPU architecture is a 32-bit microprocessor architecture that was developed expressly for serving as the "main hardware building block" of the real-time TRON Hypernetwork (called the highly functional distributed system [HFDS] in technical parlance), which is the ultimate goal of the TRON Project. | | | Although the design team working on the TRON VLSI CPU architecture knew about the pluses and minuses of the RISC approach, they had to take other factors into consideration, such as software productivity and the wider range of targeted computer systems, most of which would be embedded systems. |
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http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/tronvlsicpu.html
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| | Chapter Four CPU Architecture |
| | At the time Intel designed the 8086 CPU the average lifetime of a CPU was only a couple of years. | | | Intel, ever cogniscent of the fact that designers would reject their CPU if the total system cost was too high, made a special effort to design an instruction set that had a high memory density (that is, packed as many instructions into as little RAM as possible). | | | Although the 80386 represented the most radical change in the 80x86 architecture from the programmer's view, Intel wasn't done wringing all the performance out of the x86 family. |
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http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/AoA/Windows/HTML/CPUArchitecture.html
(4603 words)
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| | History of Computing |
| | It's documented in "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach" by Hennessy and Patterson. | | | This was a 12 bit computer when the Von Neumann architecture for scientific computing called for long words. | | | After that I learned several other architectures and came to conclusion that actually instruction set is to certain extent is an artistic object and we can legitimately talk about beautiful/elegant and ugly CPU instruction sets. |
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http://www.softpanorama.org/History/cpu_history.shtml
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| | The Sega Saturn White Paper |
| | The simpler structure of competing architectures also increases the chance that games will be "ported" from other systems (other game systems or even personal computers), which results in games that are generic and not optimized for performance and special features. | | | It may be easier in some ways for developers to create programs for the competition because there's less to learn and work with from a technology standpoint -- but that means that developers are much more likely to run up against the limits of the system in a short span of time. | | | In contrast, the sophistication of the Sega Saturn pays off for both developers and consumers alike over the long term. |
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http://www.sega-saturn.com/saturn/other/tech.htm
(3966 words)
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| | The Old Joel on Software Forum - General question about CPU architecture |
| | The reason why it is a 16-bit CPU is because its ALU (arithmetic logic unit) is 16-bit wide. | | | Your 32-bit CPU will have to divide that big number into chunks and operate on it that way. | | | The MC68000 which was the heart of Amiga 500 for example (and some older Macs) is a 16-bit CPU even though it has a 24-bit address bus and 32-bit registers. |
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http://discuss.fogcreek.com/joelonsoftware?cmd=show&ixPost=180541
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| | CPU Hardware Secrets |
| | Learn about the new Intel CPU architecture and the latest advancements in mobile computing in our IDF Fall 2005 coverage. | | | Learn how a CPU works in an easy to follow language, including topics such as clock, memory cache, CPU block diagram, an overall view on the basic CPU units, pipeline, superscalar architecture, out-of-order execution and speculative execution. | | | Our review of the fastest single-core CPU from AMD available today, running at 2.8 GHz, with 1 MB L2 cache and targeted to the socket 939 platform. |
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http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/index.php?page=cpu
(1135 words)
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| | Paul Hsieh's 6th generation x86 CPU Comparisons |
| | This engineer also reiterated Intel's position on not revealing the inner works of their CPU architectures thus rendering it impossible for ordinary software engineers to know how to properly optimize for the P-II. | | | This is because on older architectures, they hurt you no matter what, with no opportunity for instruction overlap, so the rule of avoiding them as much as possible was more important than knowing the precise penalty. | | | The primary microarchitecture difference of the 6x86MX CPU versus the K6 and P-II CPUs is that it still does native x86 execution rather than translation to internal RISC ops. |
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http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/cpuwar.html
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| | CPU Architecture and Operation |
| | The TLB is associative: that is the CPU can compare the entry it is trying to match with all the TLB entries at once. | | | This is a small amount of high speed memory which is used to store data the CPU is currently working on. | | | If the instruction uses data from memory find the data (search Cache, TLB and Secondary Memory) and load it into CPU's internal registers. |
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http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~ian/project3/node13.html
(254 words)
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| | TOY/2 CPU architecture |
| | TOY/2 is a minimal 16-bit processor inspired by the TOY CPU described in [1]. | | | The focus was on a minimalist design that could be implemented in the time available (and that was so simple that the assistants would let us do it). | | | TOY/2 was implemented using pipelining - instructions are executed while the next instruction is fetched. |
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http://www.pcengines.ch/toy2.htm
(285 words)
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| | OpenPA: PA-RISC CPU architecture |
| | PA-7000) or integrated onto the central CPU die (all PA-RISC CPUs upwards). | | | A BTLB only exists on 32-bit PA-RISC CPUs, 64-bit CPUs insted implement variable page sizes, thus any entry can be of >4k mapping. | | | The FPU executes special floating point instruction to perform arithmetic on its own set of independent registers (register file) and to move data between its own registers and the system's lower memory hierarchy. |
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http://www.openpa.net/arch.html
(951 words)
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| | PC Now - CPU Architecture |
| | It has a growing body of information on the PC, including assembler language, machine architecture, and interrupts. | | | PC Now is a site devoted to the low level programming of the PC. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/ok2/jhy/cpu
(41 words)
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| | Instruction level analytic prediction of parallel CPU architecture performance |
| | We present a first version of a performance prediction method for compiler driven superscalar CPUs, founded on analytic calculations on the basis of an unlimited resource simulation of the benchmark program. | | | We illustrate the accuracy of the results by comparison with real execution simulation for three benchmark programs. | | | Instruction level analytic prediction of parallel CPU architecture performance |
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http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/iis/1997/8218/00/8218toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/IIS.1997.645379
(188 words)
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| | ► » CPU Architecture |
| | (x86) architecture from a beginner's perspective, with the long term goal of | | | (x86) architecture from a beginner's perspective, with the long term |
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http://www.hardware-help1.org/CPU-Architecture-1809750.html
(157 words)
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| | Ace's Hardware |
| | If a simple recompile with a P4 optimized compiler can result in software that runs significantly faster on the Pentium 4, the Netburst CPUs could outclass the competition in the near... | | | The Secrets of High Performance CPUs, Part 2 | | | The Secrets of High Performance CPUs, Part 4 |
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http://www.aceshardware.com/list.jsp?id=4
(1127 words)
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| | PowerPC CPU architecture Q |
| | I initially was shy of the more desktop-oriented architectures as they are all WAY to complex wiring-wise for me to have much chance of success (although some of the latest have >=1MB L2/SRAM which could simplify things), but most of the modern embedded chips are now just as difficult to work with. | | | On Tue, 18 May 2004 08:14, Lee Salzman wrote: (snip info not relevant to my reply, but very relevant to my query) > Aside from that, any architecture that is compiler-friendly > in general is very good. | | | Assuming this is correct, I may see what I can do about using either a yichy x86 or a PowerPC for my initial Brick prototype, rather than an ARM or MIPS device. |
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http://lists.tunes.org/archives/slate/2004-May/000346.html
(320 words)
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| | AnandTech: IDF Spring 2005 - Predicting Future CPU Architecture Trends |
| | Computers, Notebooks, Monitors, Digital Cameras, CPU's, Memory, Motherboards, Barebone kits, Networking, Video, and more at the best values. | | | 1) Current Intel research estimates that about 256MB of memory can be stacked on top of a CPU (die stacking). | | | IDF Spring 2005 - Predicting Future CPU Architecture Trends |
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http://www.anandtech.com/tradeshows/showdoc.aspx?i=2368
(462 words)
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| | Simple three-bus CPU architecture |
| | The above picture has a problem when used in a pipelined architecture in the case that one of the current instruction's operands is the same as the result of the last instruction, e.g. | | | In this case, if you recall the pipelining discussion, we will be doing the "operand fetch" of the new instruction in the same clock cycle in which we are doing the "store result" of the previous instruction. | | | This is the simplest RISC CPU architecture, to be discussed in late March. |
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http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/people/ajr/258/notes/micro/three-bus.html
(270 words)
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| | PC Processor Microarchitecture: A Technology Primer and Comparative Analysis |
| | What is needed is an objective comparison of the design features for all the CPU vendors, and that's the goal of this article. | | | We'll walk through the features of the latest x86 32-bit desktop CPUs from Intel, AMD, and VIA (Centaur). | | | Each CPU vendor uses slightly different techniques for getting the most out of their design, while meeting their unique performance, power, and cost goals. |
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http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,165010,00.asp
(830 words)
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| | PowerPC CPU architecture Q |
| | My own readings indicate > that the PowerPC instruction set, while a lot better than x86, is > still rather convoluted. | | | How -in general - would PowerPC stack up > against RISC CPUs with much simpler ISAs for dynamic compilation? | | | Aside from that, any architecture that is compiler-friendly in general is very good. |
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http://lists.tunes.org/archives/slate/2004-May/000345.html
(271 words)
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| | New CPU Architecture - PCStats.com |
| | Lots of good IDF coverage on the net, Tech Report talks about Intel's move to a common CPU architecture. | | | DriverHeaven has the Flexiglow Cyber Snipa Game and Mouse pad, well it has a creative name. |
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http://www.pcstats.com/NewsView.cfm?NewsID=44706
(95 words)
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| | PCWorld.com - CPU Architecture |
| | Topics > Components > Chips > CPUs > CPU Architecture | | | News > IBM to Unwrap First Dual-Core Xeon 'Paxville' Servers |
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http://www.pcworld.com/resource/browse/0,cat,1043,sortIdx,1,00.asp
(537 words)
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| | CPU architecture.... |
| | I understand the CPUs use a contol ROM with micro instructions saved in it to perform operations. | | | Can any one tell me how instructions like JM JNZ and JZ work ? | | | The contitional Jumps take 17 clock cycles to execute. |
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http://www.edaboard.com/ftopic96623.html
(1648 words)
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| | [Cpu architecture] - Technology Discussion Forums |
| | What TLB does is keeps maps to critical data so the cpu is never searching for that crucial peice of imformation that will get your computer up and moving. | | | Amd xp chips are based off the architecture Quantispeed. | | | This means the TLB now can sort out duplicated info and through it out the door which allows more space to be freed up in the lvl 2 cache for other useful info for the processor. |
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http://www.tech-forums.net/computer/topic/17606.html
(594 words)
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| | Designing the M·CORE™ M3 CPU Architecture |
| | Specifically, we discuss the instruction buffer and pipeline enhancements, the branch prediction algorithm, branch folding for small program loops, the fast integer multiplier, and several new instructions. | | | In this paper, we present the architectural enhancements of the M3 processor, the successor to the original MCORE M2 architecture. | | | The MCORE microRISC architecture has been developed to address the growing need for long battery life among today's portable applications. |
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http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/iccd/1999/0406/00/0406toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/ICCD.1999.808407
(187 words)
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| | TechOnLine - H8 SLP CPU Architecture |
| | We will provide an overview of key technical information that you can use in designing high-performance, cost-effective, low-power embedded systems. | | | The H8/300L Super Low Power (SLP) microcontroller course was developed for engineers who want to learn more about power-efficient devices that can improve battery operated embedded systems. | | | If you need a more detailed analysis of the CPU architecture, we recommend that you take the "Renesas H8 Architecture" online course. |
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http://www.techonline.com/community/related_content/36534
(233 words)
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| | Linux CPU Architecture |
| | Moving it to other IA-32 processors such as Intel's 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, and Pentium II, AMD's 5x86, K5, and K6, and Cyrix's 6x86 series has been relatively straightforward due to backwards compatibility and the wide scale similarities between the processors. | | | There are now ports to other CPUs such as the Motorola 68030 (including | | | on an upcoming 64 bit x86 architecture often called "Sledgehammer."
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http://linuxfinances.info/info/linuxarch.html
(99 words)
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| | Hobbit CPU - Computer Architecture |
| | There is the following article by ATandT Bell Labs, published in 1993: | | | Hi, I'm looking for as much info as I can find on the Hobbit CRISP | | | Posted: Sun Nov 28, 2004 6:45 am Post subject: Re: Hobbit CPU |
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http://www.castalk.com/post-87.html
(260 words)
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