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| | Content Scrambling System (CSS): Introduction |
 | | Instead, it considers the output of the feedback function to be both the input to the LFSR and the output. | | | In our discussion of CSS, we are going to look at the system used to play DVDs in terms of three components: the DVD itself, the DVD player that reads the disk and delivers the content, and the host (computer, host board, &c). | | | CSS uses a 40-bit, or 5 byte key. |
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http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Kesden
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| | Content Scrambling System - a Whatis.com definition |
| | Content Scrambling System (CSS) is a data encryption and authentication method used to protect digital versatile disk (DVD) movies from being illegally copied, distributed, and viewed from other devices, such as computer hard drives. | | | The actual operation of CSS involves the use of a decryption algorithm that mixes the key information exchanged between the disc and the hardware device in order to produce a unique key that will successfully decrypt the movie or video file for viewing. | | | CSS is one of several copy-protection methods currently used in today's DVDs. |
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http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci214575,00.html
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| | ExtremeTech: Digital Content Protection, Part II |
| | This framework, called the Content Protection System Architecture (CPSA), is an outgrowth of a 1999 proposal by IBM, Intel, Matsushita and Toshiba (the so-called "4C Entity"), a group that also helped develop technologies like CPPM and CPRM. | | | The downside of all this technology is a DVD content-protection system so complex that it requires a formal architecture to coordinate its components. | | | CPSA is applicable to both computer and consumer-electronics devices, as well as to audio and video content in either analog or digital formats. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_zdext/is_200308/ai_ziff55572
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| | The Openlaw DVD/DeCSS Forum Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) List |
| | An 'operating system' is a software program that controls the allocation and use of computer resources (such as central processing unit time, main memory space, disk space, and input/output channels). | | | For this measure of a scrambling systems' stength to be valid, the scambling algorithm must not have any weaknesses that reduce the length of time necessary to recover a scrambled message. | | | Frank Stevenson is one of the participants of this forum, and the author of the CSS algorithm whitepaper: "Cryptanalysis of Contents Scrambling System". |
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http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/DVD/dvd-discuss-faq.html
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| | Flawed Copyright Protection Puts New Spin on DVD - Computerworld |
| | CSS was broken last month with a Windows utility called DeCSS, developed by open-source Linux programmers who were frustrated by the fact there was no DVD movie support for the Linux operating system. | | | Kadota said the system failed because one of the licensee DVD software companies was careless in managing keys. | | | Schneier pointed out that CSS uses a 40-bit encryption key, designed to comply with U.S. government export regulations, which uses a weak proprietary algorithm instead of stronger public algorithms. |
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http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/1999/0,4814,37816,00.html
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| | The Content Scrambling System (CSS) |
| | CSS is a very simple encryption scheme based on shifts, XORs and table lookups. | | | This document describes the CSS algorithm in enough technical detail to implement it. | | | It is also used in variant forms to implement a challenge-response protocol between DVD player software on a PC and a DVD drive (ATAPI or SCSI) attached to that PC, and to decrypt the title key (the CSS key for a file) from the disk key and player key. |
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http://www.tinyted.net/eddie/css.html
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| | CSS - Cascading Style Sheets, Central Structure Store, Computer Sub System, Computer Systems Specialist, Contact ... |
| | CSS can be used to redefine the size, color, font and emphasis of these tags so that webmasters can properly utilize them in search engine optimization. | | | CSS - Cascading Style Sheets, Central Structure Store, Computer Sub System, Computer Systems Specialist, Contact Start-Stop, Content Scrambling System, Content Services Switch, Continuous System Simulator | | | With CSS, designers and users can create style sheets that define how different elements, such as headers and links, appear. |
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http://www.auditmypc.com/acronym/CSS.asp
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| | security.itworld.com - What do the CCA and MPAA really want? |
| | Since Linux is a free operating system owned by no one in particular, there is no one to license the decryption algorithm for general use on Linux so that everyone who runs Linux can freely use it to play DVD movies. | | | There is also no reason why the CCA can't make a free binary available for use with Linux in general, but then collect license fees from those who use Linux as the basis for a hardware DVD player or other set-top box with DVD capabilities. | | | But if illegal copying is the goal, it is much more efficient to copy the DVD bit-for-bit, which does not require knowledge of the Content Scrambling System. |
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http://security.itworld.com/4361/lw-09-penguin_2/pfindex.html
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| | The DVD Copying Information Site: The DVD Content Scrambling System Explained (Part 1) |
| | Though CSS was initially a closely guarded trade secret, a reverse engineered software implementation of the CSS decryption algorithm was anonymously published on the Internet in 1999 as part of a Linux DVD player project. | | | This next series of posts will explain the DVD Content Scrambling System (CSS), beginning with an overview of what CSS was designed for and how the details of the secret algorithm became to be known. | | | I originally wrote all four parts for a university course in which I implemented DeCSS (the CSS decryption procedure) in hardware. |
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http://dvd-copy.blogspot.com/2005/08/dvd-content-scrambling-system.html
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| | Content-scrambling system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In October 1999, the algorithm was reverse engineered by Jon Johansen and DeCSS was released. | | | It uses a weak, proprietary 40-bit encryption stream cipher algorithm. | | | The CSS algorithm was soon revealed to be easily susceptible to a brute force attack. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-scrambling_system
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| | (WO 01/78386) SYSTEM FOR SCRAMBLING CONTENT, AND SYSTEM FOR DESCRAMBLING SCRAMBLED CONTENT |
| | In a system a scrambler is programmed with a first algorithm for selecting sections from the content. | | | This processor is programmed with the second algorithm to scan the scrambled content for unscrambled sections and to process at least these sections. | | | A first processing unit has at least one input receiving the content data packet stream. |
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http://wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/78386.011018&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
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| | Openlaw: Open DVD |
| | Without licensed DVD players for Linux and other operating systems, an entire class of computer users is completely cut off from viewing DVDs. | | | Defendants, on the other hand, are adherents of a movement that believes that information should be available without charge to anyone clever enough to break into the computer systems or data storage media in which it is located. | | | DeCSS describes the operation of CSS so as to facilitate the creation of software DVD viewers for Linux and to expand the possible uses of DVDs. |
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http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/DVD
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| | Tech, studio giants team on new DVD locks CNET News.com |
| | Like CSS, the new AACS technology would be added to a disc as it is created and would require specific hardware or software to have the "key" to unlock the content on the disc. | | | Dubbed Advanced Access Content System, or AACS, the technology--which has yet to be created--would replace the anticopying technology that now protects ordinary DVDs, but it would be focused on next-generation, high-definition discs. | | | The content protection system on today's DVDs, called Content Scrambling System, or CSS, was broken in the late 1990s by hackers. |
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http://news.com.com/Tech,+studio+giants+...+locks/2100-1025_3-5269286.html
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| | EETimes.com - Code hack prompts delay of DVD-Audio launch |
| | If it must be turned into plaintext, the computer must have a copy of the key and the algorithm to turn it into plaintext. | | | But it foreshadows proliferation of such problems, as more consumer devices go digital and consumer electronics manufacturers are held responsible for content security. | | | This is the first time that a consumer electronics company's business plan has been altered by a breach of copy protection codes. |
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http://www.eet.com/story/OEG19991202S0046
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| | CSS Demystified |
| | This has been most directly felt by users of the Linux operating system - since no licensed software or hardware-based DVD players exist for Linux, it is impossible to play DVDs on it. | | | Without a digital copy protection scheme for DVDs, it would be easy to imagine a campus where every DVD-ROM has a DVD movie in it, all the drives are shared, and a library of several thousand movies is readily available for pirating among a student body. | | | When the disc is inserted, the DVD player will iterate through its internal keys, trying to match them to the 400+ keys on the disc. |
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http://cse.stanford.edu/class/cs201/projects-99-00/dmca-2k/css.html
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| | The Battle over DeCSS |
| | The code that lets users decrypt the contents of a DVD to play it on Linux and other open-source OSs has led to legal wrangles and raging debates on the Net. | | | This can be done with a utility called DeCSS (De Content Scrambling System), which allows DVDs that have support for Windows and Mac systems to be played on Linux systems. | | | To play back a DVD, the CSS decryption algorithm exchanges keys with the drive unit. |
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http://www.pcquest.com/content/technology/101021102.asp
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| | Advanced Access Content System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Advanced Access Content System (AACS) is a standard for content distribution and digital rights management, which will allow restricting access to and copying of the next generation of optical discs and DVDs. | | | The proposal was voted one of the technologies most likely to fail by IEEE Spectrum magazine. | | | The principal difference between AACS and earlier content management systems such as CSS is in the means by which title-specific decryption keys are distributed. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Access_Content_System
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| | What is CSS (Content Scrambling System)? |
| | An excellent technical description of CSS has been published by Gregory Kesden as part of his Operating Systems: Design and Implementation course. | | | The encryption algorithm utilized by the Content Scrambling System has been broken and distributed on the Internet. | | | The first widely distributed and still most well known program for descrambling CSS is DeCSS. |
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http://www.tech-faq.com/content-scrambling-system.shtml
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| | Stacking Fault |
| | As systems increase in capability and complexity, the ability of any one individual to understand the system decreases. | | | Developing working software system is a complicated exercise usually involving multiple engineers. | | | But we still have systemic problems with performance, security, robustness and quality. |
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http://www.cryptonomicon.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=548
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| | EFFector, Vol. 12, No. 4; Dec. 28, 1999 |
| | The industry association also misleadingly suggests that the DVD medium is simply a vehicle for commercial content delivery, when in fact it is a read-write medium intended to be used as computer storage by computer-using consumers, just like hard drives or writable CDs. | | | The decoder source code at the center of the case, called "DeCSS", was created (by third parties, not the defendants) to enable Linux computers to utilize DVD drives and content, since the industry itself failed to produce the necessary drivers for this operating system. | | | We believe that the industry is mounting this legal attack merely as a charade to discourage the widespread adoption of the legally reverse-engineered information into popular open source software programs. |
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http://www.eff.org/effector/HTML/effect12.04.html
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| | PCWorld.com - New DVD Copying Tool Enters Fray |
| | Based on the experience of another developer of DVD copying software, 321 Studios, 123 treads on hazardous ground. | | | The company responded with an approach similar to 123's solution; it removed the decrypter from its product, DVD X Copy, and informed users of free decrypters available on the Internet. | | | But once you've "updated" 123 (at 123's direction) so the program can copy any DVD, it's likely no longer compliant with the DMCA. |
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http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,115884,00.asp
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| | Understanding DVD - Copying Deterrents and Content Protection |
| | Nevertheless, over the years various computer software tools have emerged to allow the making of copies of CSS protected DVD-Video discs. | | | Performing bit-for-bit duplication or simply copying files from the disc to a writable DVD, hard drive or other storage medium will not yield a useful reproduction. | | | CSS and CPPM selectively encrypt disc sectors that can only be decrypted during playback by licensed products (DVD players, computer DVD playback software and others). |
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http://www.osta.org/technology/dvdqa/dvdqa7.htm
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| | InformationWeek Copyright DVD Kid To Be Retried In December April 1, 2003 |
| | Johansen was 15 when he developed the program, DeCSS, to watch movies on a Linux-based computer without DVD-viewing software. | | | A 19-year-old Norwegian is being pursued for figuring out a way to view DVDs on Linux-based computers without DVD-viewing software. | | | Software Tech Center: Operating Systems • Software Blog • Enterprise Applications • Open Source • Development • Business Intelligence • Integration |
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http://www.informationweek.com/story/IWK20030401S0002
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| | DeCSS: watch your DVD's on your favorite OS |
| | Note: the above DVD CSS code cannot be used as-is on most Linux platforms. | | | This software and information below make it possible for people who legally obtained their DVD movies to view them on their Linux systems. | | | Recently the (very weak) content scrambling system was deciphered, freeing the way for a Linux DVD player. |
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http://www.free-dvd.org.lu
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| | Cable Crypto Coming |
| | That makes the DFAST licensing solution eerily similar in its means and goals to the Content Scrambling System (CSS) the motion picture industry implemented to control DVD movies. | | | From a content provider's point of view, the copy protection technology is designed to combat piracy of digital movies and programming. | | | DFAST is a content scrambling system for digital cable. |
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http://www.securityfocus.com/news/128
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| | Judge rules links illegal, code not free speech |
| | The posting of DeCSS could have the effect of rendering all current DVD players obsolete if the MPAA were to change the encryption scheme used on DVDs so DeCSS would no longer unlock it. | | | DeCSS allows users to circumvent the Content Scrambling System, an encryption system designed to prevent piracy and included by the MPAA on all DVDs. | | | In cases in which links took the user to a page where no other content than the DeCSS code was available, that also was against the law, the judge wrote. |
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http://www.networkworld.com/news/2000/0818dvd.html
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| | PCWorld.com - California Court Okays DeCSS Ban |
| | The case centers on the publishing on the Web of DeCSS (De-Content Scrambling System) software by California resident Andrew Bunner. | | | DeCSS allows users to access movies on DVDs that are protected by an encryption technology to prevent them from being copied, called the Content Scrambling System. | | | The DVD Copy Control Association, representing motion picture and consumer electronics companies, filed suit against Bunner and other posters of the DeCSS code in December 1999. |
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http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,112151,00.asp
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| | ESD10 Materials - Block 2 - Links |
| | A potentially troubling strategy is discussed - what if the movie industry decides that, since CSS is cracked, they switch to Windows Media format files to protect their content? | | | Encryption embedded into every DVD and DVD player a number of purposes | | | Links to a BBC article stating that the EU is planning to investigate DVD pricing and the regional coding system (CSS). |
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http://msl1.mit.edu/esd10/sslinks/links.php?cat=35
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| | Comments for: Legal challenges could sink 321 Studios - ja.zz |
| | Also just like they would not sell a license for a linux DVD player, which is why Jon Johannson had to make his own. | | | CSS, Content Scrambling System, the encryption mechanism in question, is licensed by the DVD CCA, the DVD Copy Control Association. | | | And there is NO WAY IN HELL the DVD CCA will EVER license CSS to ANYONE who wants to sell a product that will allow people to copy DVDs. |
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http://techreport.com/ja.zz?id=50896
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| | CNN.com - Technology - Passionate reactions online to the DVD-copying decision - August 22, 2000 |
| | The ruling, which denied all of defendant Eric Corley's claims, held that computer code, as free speech, could be subject to regulation, that some forms of linking are illegal, rebutted fair use arguments and upheld the controversial 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). | | | Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. | | | (IDG) -- Online reaction has been voluminous and passionate since a federal court ruling last week that bars a hacker Web site from posting or linking De-Content Scrambling System (DeCSS) software, which decrypts DVDs (digital video discs). |
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http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/08/22/decss.reactions.idg
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| | AnyDVD - Diagnostic/ Utility - CD Freaks.com |
| | Insert your CSS- (Content Scrambling System) and RPC (Region Code Protected) - protected DVD into your DVD drive. | | | Removes encryption (CSS) and region code (RPC) from DVDs | | | AnyDVD will detect it and automatically remove the protection. |
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http://www.cdfreaks.com/software/84
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| | Location Cannot Be Found |
| | The Library contains a bounty of technical programming information, including sample code, documentation, technical articles, and reference guides. | | | MSDN Developer Centers pull together content and resources around specific products and technologies, connecting you to code samples, community sites, technical articles and more. | | | If you are looking for a particular document, please try one of the following areas: |
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http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/wcemultimedia5/html/...?frame=true
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