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| | Crab Nebula (M1, NGC 1952) |
 | | The pulsar associated with the Crab Nebula has a period of 33.085 milliseconds, corresponding to a spin rate of 30 revolutions per second, and is one of the few pulsars detected at optical wavelengths. | | | As an optical pulsar it is sometimes also referred to by the Crab’s variable star designation, CM Tauri. | | | In 1964, it was also found to be a bright X-ray source (Taurus X-1), emitting 100 times more energy in X-rays than it does an optical wavelengths. |
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http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/Crab.html
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| | Crab Nebula |
| | Since the nebula is a diffuse nebula it was inaccurate to trace out an image to represent the boundaries for finding P. Because error arises independently from each of the parameters alongside other sources of undeterminable error, an exact value of error is not arguable and can only be evaluated from graphs of the data. | | | The Article "CCD Observations of the Polarization of the Crab Nebula" by Paul Hickson and Sidney van den Bergh (Astrophysical Journal, December 1990) was referenced to confirm the results of this lab. | | | Syncrhotron radiation is emitted by electrons gyrating in a magnetic field. |
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http://www.ugastro.berkeley.edu/~faerie/crab_nebula.html
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| | APOD Search Results for "crab" |
| | Red indicates the electrons are recombining with protons to form neutral hydrogen, while green indicates the electrons are whirling around the magnetic field of the inner nebula. | | | One of the most exotic objects known to modern astronomers, the pulsar is a neutron star, the spinning remnant of the collapsed stellar core. | | | This computer processed image shows the Crab Nebula pulsar (below and right of center) and the Geminga pulsar (above and left of center) in the "light" of gamma-rays. |
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http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search?crab
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| | The Crab Nebula |
| | Find the percent error in your result compared to the accepted value of about 6300 light years. | | | List here what you consider to be the primary sources of error in your distance estimate. | | | Find the estimated expansion time for each knot and place the results in Table 2. |
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http://helios.astro.lsa.umich.edu/Course/Labs/crab/crab-full.html
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| | Chandra image shows a powerful connection in the Crab Nebula |
| | While the images from Chandra have enthralled the public and scientists alike, some concerns have developed about the health of the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS), one of Chandra's four main instruments. | | | And from the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space web nebula page. | | | X-ray astrophysics branch at NASA/Marshall conducts a broad range of research and technology work, as well as supporting the Chandra X-ray Observatory. |
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http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast29sep99_1.htm
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| | M1 The Crab Nebula |
| | The idea behind the list was a catalogue of nebula and star clusters which would aid observers who might otherwise confuse the objects with comets, and thereby waste time observing a deep sky object that was not a comet. | | | The Messier List, originally intended as a list of things to "avoid" in the sky by comet hunters in the 1700's, is now regarded as a list of the finest deep sky objects that an amateur astronomer can observe with a telescope or binoculars. | | | Thus, the Crab Nebula is notable in that it is the object that prompted Messier to produce his famous list of Messier objects. |
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http://members.cox.net/~sidleach/m1.htm
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| | Crab Nebula |
| | The optical Nebula of the Crab has an angular extension of about | | | Assuming the spatial distribution of magnetic field in the Crab Nebula, one can determine the average magnetic field | | | The Crab Nebula energy spectrum, as measured with the HEGRA IACT system, offers a most precise data on the TeV gamma-rays observed with the stereo system. |
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http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/astrophysik/HEA/hegra_analysis_interpret/crab/crab.html
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| | Crab Nebula and Pulsar |
| | Because the spin of a stellar object was concentrated into a city-sized object during the collapse of the progenitor star's core, the neutron star created by the supernova is spinning very rapidly, completing one full revolution every 33 milliseconds. | | | For more information about stars including spectral and luminosity class codes, go to ChView's webpage on The Stars of the Milky Way. | | | Being relatively young, the Crab Pulsar was the first known example of a neutron star which was located at the site of an optically visible object. |
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http://www.solstation.com/x-objects/crab-neb.htm
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| | Image sig05-004 |
| | This website is maintained by the Spitzer Science Center, located on the campus of the California Institute of Technology and part of NASA's Infrared Processing and Analysis Center. | | | The blue region traces the cloud of energetic electrons trapped within the star's magnetic field, emitting so-called "synchrotron" radiation. | | | The yellow-red features follow the well-known filamentary structures that permeate this nebula. |
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http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/mediaimages/sig/sig05-004.shtml
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| | The Crab Nebula |
| | The phenomenon is named after the General Electric Synchrotron, an accelerator which used magnetic fields to contain electrons which had been accelerated to high energies. | | | The discovery of the optical and RF signals from the same source was important in that it gave a probe of the number of free electrons in space between us and the pulsar. | | | The nebula has been a rich source of information. |
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/crab.html
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| | Crab Nebula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This image combines optical data from Hubble (in red) and X-ray images from Chandra (in blue). | | | The Crab Nebula (also known as Messier Object 1, M1 or NGC 1952) is a gaseous diffuse nebula in the constellation Taurus. | | | The shape and position of this feature shifts rapidly, with the equatorial wind appearing as a series of wisp-like features that steepen, brighten, then fade as they move away from the pulsar to well out into the main body of the nebula. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_Nebula
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| | eSky: Crab Nebula |
| | This map shows the nebula artificially bright - at magnitude +8.4, it is in fact invisible to the naked eye. | | | As it spins rapidly on its axis, the pulsar sends shockwaves out through the nebula. | | | The shattered remains of an exploded star, the Crab Nebula is the result of a supernova that occurred more than six thousand light years from Earth, in the constellation of Taurus. |
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http://www.glyphweb.com/esky/nebulae/crab.html
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| | The Crab Nebula at 1.3 mm |
| | However, while the more compact structure of the Crab Nebula in X-rays is commonly regarded as an effect of synchrotron downgrading, it cannot be explained why a similar structure is present also at millimetre wavelengths, where the electron lifetimes far exceed the nebular age. | | | The steepening is taken as the indication that magnetic fields in synchrotron filaments are stronger than the average nebular field. | | | Our data, combined with published upper limits on spatial variations of the radio spectral index, also imply a low-energy cutoff for the distribution of electrons responsible for this additional synchrotron component. |
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http://aanda.u-strasbg.fr:2002/papers/aa/full/2002/18/aah3375/aah3375.html
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| | ScienceDaily: Most Detailed Image Of The Crab Nebula |
| | Using the power of the freely available ESA/ESO/NASA Photoshop FITS Liberator package a young amateur... | | | Adobe Photoshop CS2 Classroom in a Book (Classroom in a Book) | | | The Crab Nebula is one of the most intricately structured and highly dynamical objects ever observed. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/12/051205080644.htm
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| | Image of the Day : Intricate Crab Nebula Poses for Hubble Close-Up |
| | The dense, city-sized object powers the Crab Nebula’s bluish glow, which is generated by electrons that follow the neutron star’s magnetic field lines, astronomers said. | | | Astronomers used Hubble’s Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 to build the image. | | | Wispy filaments, primarily of hydrogen, weave through the Crab Nebula, at the center of which sits a |
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http://www.space.com/imageoftheday/image_of_day_051201.html
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| | Messier Object 1 |
| | This optical pulsar is sometimes also referred to by the supernova's variable star designation, CM Tauri. | | | X-rays from this object were detected in April 1963 with a high-altitude rocket of type Aerobee with an X-ray detector developed at the Naval Research Laboratory; the X-ray source was named Taurus X-1. | | | A History of the Crab Nebula from the Space Telescope Science Institute |
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http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m001.html
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| | Nebulae - Crystalinks |
| | Originally, the word nebula referred to almost any extended astronomical object (other than planets and comets). | | | Reflection nebulae are also usually sites of star formation. | | | A typical planetary nebula is less than one light-year across. |
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http://www.crystalinks.com/nebula.html
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| | The Crab Nebula in Different Energies |
| | In the optical, both a web of filaments at the outer edges of the nebula and a bluish core become apparent. | | | The blue core is from electrons within the nebula being deflected and accelerated by the magnetic field of the central neutron star. | | | Cooler electrons (responsible for the UV emission) extend out beyond the hot electrons near the central pulsar. |
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http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xte/learning_center/universe/crabneb.html
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| | pr-17-99.html |
| | The blue light is predominantly emitted by very high-energy ("relativistic") electrons that spiral in a large-scale magnetic field (so-called syncrotron emission). | | | Crab Nebula (also known as "Messier 1"), as observed with the | | | More information on the Crab Nebula and its pulsar is available on the web, e.g. |
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http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-1999/pr-17-99.html
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| | The Epoch Times Hubble Captures Intricate Crab Nebula |
| | This neutron star at the centre is the only fixed remains of the supernova explosion and is also responsible for the nebula's bluish glow, which is caused by electrons being affected by the star's magnetic field. | | | It is from this drawing that the Crab Nebula acquired its name. | | | In 1844, Lord Rosse made a drawing of the Nebula using a 36-inch telescope. |
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http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-12-2/35292.html
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| | The next Great Observatory takes aim at the Crab pulsar |
| | Complicating the task is the fact that the star is a pulsar, meaning that the X-ray readings must be calibrated with the pulsing. | | | One of the important features of the HRC is its speed. | | | "The Crab Nebula and the star at the center of it are the Rosetta Stone of modern astrophysics," said Weisskopf, who is also the AXAF project scientist. |
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http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/features/ast17aug98_1.htm
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| | Crab Nebula |
| | When Charles Messier saw it in 1758, he first thought this "fuzzy object" might be a comet, but he found that it never moved. | | | Acceleration of particles is a trademark of electrical activity, and no other force in space is known to achieve this feat. | | | Though gravitational theories never envisioned the polar "jets", "haloes", and "knots" of the Crab Nebula, we can now recognize these s as prime examples of electrical forces in the universe. |
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http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2004/arch/040916nebula.htm
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| | Focus On The Crab Nebula |
| | In the decades that followed our understanding of stars and their evolution grew by leaps and bounds, eventually leading to a basic understanding of the supernova phenomenon. | | | The Crab pulsar is also known as the variable star CM Tau, and appears as a 17th magnitude star near the center of the nebula. | | | It is said that the discovery of this object resulted in his decision to begin his own catalog; the nebula appears as his first entry (Messier 1). |
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http://www.skyhound.com/sh/archive/jan/M_1.html
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| | [106.08] HST WFPC2 Imaging of the CRAB NEBULA EJECTA |
| | The progressive development of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities due to varying magnetic field strength, and systematic changes in the ionization structure are prominent. | | | The continuum filter reveals the synchrotron nebula, which is expanding into a much larger, freely expanding network of filaments comprised of ejecta from the explosion itself. | | | These HST images will be combined with ground-based spectroscopy to constrain the current photoionization model of these filaments to determine accurate abundances and densities within the nebula, arguably the most studied object in all of astrophysics. |
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http://www.aas.org/publications/baas/v36n5/aas205/1389.htm
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| | Crab Nebula Confounds Science Buzz |
| | You can also read the Science Buzz news feed with any newsreader software. | | | One idea is that the pulsar at the center of the Crab Nebula, which spins at a rate of 30 times a second, is sending out ultraviolet radiation as well as protons and electrons at close to the speed of light, which could be destroying the smaller dust particles. | | | A nebula is a cloud of dust and gas in space which can be, depending on the type of nebula, the birthplace of stars. |
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http://ltc.smm.org/buzz/node/151
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| | The Crab nebula (M1) |
| | It is one of the strongest radio sources in the sky and was first identified with the optical nebula seen here by Australian astronomers in 1947. | | | The photograph was made from plates taken on the Palomar 5m telescope in February, 1956. | | | At the heart of the nebula is a rapidly-spinning neutron star, a pulsar, and it powers the diffuse, strongly polarised bluish 'synchrotron' nebula from which the red emission-line filaments seem to emerge. |
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http://www.aao.gov.au/images/captions/crab.html
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| | Photo in the News: Best View Yet of the Crab Nebula |
| | The new image released today will help researchers better understand the phenomenon that created the nebula—a supernova explosion. | | | December 1, 2005—Images of the Crab Nebula have come a long way since the 1844 drawing that gave the formation its name. | | | Photo in the News: Captive-Bred Panda Released in China -- A First |
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http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/12/1201_051201_crabnebula.html
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| | NASA - Chandra X-ray Observatory Quick Facts: Crab Nebula |
| | A blizzard of electrons and anti-matter electrons, or positrons, is produced by these particles. | | | The Crab Nebula's bell-shaped appearance in the X-ray image is due to synchrotron radiation from a huge magnetized bubble of high-energy electrons that is several light years in diameter. | | | The pulsed emission from the Crab Nebula, observed at all wavelengths from radio through gamma rays, is thought to be caused by this process. |
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http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/background/facts/CrabNebulaFactSheet.html
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| | Crab Nebula. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | The nebula is also a strong emitter of X rays. | | | The youngest pulsar observed, it gives off radiation at radio, optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gammay ray wavelengths, as well as electrons that power the synchrotron radiation in the surrounding nebula. | | | The filaments contain ionized gas in which unusually energetic electrons twist through magnetic fields at speeds close to that of light, emitting synchrotron radiation. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/cr/CrabNebu.html
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| | [No title] |
| | near the nebula's center might be related to its origin. | | | The blue glow in the inner part of the nebula -- light emitted by energetic electrons as they spiral through the Crab's magnetic field -- is powered by the Crab Pulsar. | | | This sequence shows that the inner part of the Crab Nebula is far more dynamic than previously understood. |
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http://www2.inow.com/~crabneb/crabhis.htm
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| | Discovery Channel :: News :: Hubble Snaps Huge Crab Nebula Portrait |
| | The full-sized image is too big to show on any single computer screen and Hester said the best view he has had of the whole image was when he projected it on the screen of a planetarium. | | | Hester and his doctoral student Allison Loll have been working to change that, he said. | | | As for the scientific advantage of such a large image, it allows researchers to readily examine and compare different parts of the Crab in the greatest possible detail, said Hester. |
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http://dsc.discovery.com/news/briefs/20051128/crabnebula_spa.html
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| | Crab |
| | The details of this energy input are important for our understanding both of neutron stars and of the physical conditions in the nebula, and are revealed in the patterns of filaments, their brightness and colors, and the way they change with time. | | | The famous Crab Nebula, Messier object 1 and NGC1952. | | | The nebula was probably first noticed in 1731 by John Bevis, and it was significant enough to be the first entry in Charles Messier's list of nebulae (compiled to avoid mistaking them for comets). |
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http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0345.html
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| | H.E.S.S. Source of the Month |
| | Gamma rays from the Crab Nebula in the H.E.S.S. 3-telescope data | | | The nebula and the Crab pulsar were created in a supernova explosion observed in 1054 AD. | | | Angular distribution in the direction of gamma rays in the 3-telescope data, relative to the direction towards the Crab Nebula. |
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http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/hfm/HESS/public/som/Som_10_04.htm
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| | Hubble views the Crab Nebula M1 |
| | Moreover, it was found that the filaments act as a barrier which prevents the synchrtron nebula from moving outward into the interstellar space, and is in heavy interaction with this component of the nebula, as Hester explains above. | | | The good news is that the new images provide such detailed information that future work on the Crab will be on much firmer footing. | | | This is only possible for ground-based telescopes and not for the HST, as the HST's field of view is by far not large enough to take a pic of the entire nebula. |
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http://www.seds.org/messier/more/m001_hst.html
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| | Crab Nebula |
| | The Crab Nebula, remnant of the 1054 supernova in Taurus, is shown in a three-color reconstruction from BVR CCD images taken in 1993 with the 1.1m Hall telescope at Lowell Observatory. |
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http://www.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/crab.html
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| | SPACE.com -- Sky Surprises: See a Supernova |
| | The Crab Nebula is first on his list and is therefore known as M (Messier) 1. | | | Data from the Hubble and Chandra telescopes were combined to create this image of the Crab's powerful pulsar. | | | In November 1968, the core of the exploded star in the Crab Nebula was discovered to be a pulsar; a rapidly rotating neutron star, spinning at an incredible rate of some 30 times per second. |
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http://www.space.com/spacewatch/surprise_crab_021010.html
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| | Crab Nebula 240 channels spectrum |
| | The 40-70 keV depression in the data with respect to the model is apparent. | | | The fit obtained excluding the 40-70 keV region is oplotted to the data, which have been grouped in order to obtain good statistics in each channel. | | | The reason for this is still under investigation (see section 6.2) and therefore we exclude channels in this energy range when performing fits on GRB sources. |
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http://tonno.tesre.bo.cnr.it/~amati/tesi/node73.html
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| | Bill Blair's Crab Nebula Page |
| | This region shows the brightest optical filaments in the Crab Nebula! | | | However, the images shown here reveal the Crab Nebula in ways that ground based telescopes cannot hope to match. | | | The images shown below were obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 as part of a research project in 1996. |
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http://violet.pha.jhu.edu/~wpb/hstcrab/hstcrab.html
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| | Crab Nebula |
| | The X rays from the Crab nebula are produced by high-energy particles spiraling around magnetic field lines in the Nebula. | | | At the center of the nebula is a rapidly spinning neutron star, or pulsar that emits pulses of radiation 30 times a second. | | | The image shows the central pulsar surrounded by tilted rings of high-energy particles that appear to have been flung outward over a distance of more than a light year from the pulsar. |
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http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/objects/snrs/052.html
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| | New Scientist SPACE - Breaking News - Hubble mosaic reveals Crab Nebula in new detail |
| | The supernova that formed the Crab Nebula is one of only a handful of such explosions that have been seen in our Milky Way galaxy. | | | This star generates magnetic fields that accelerate electrons to nearly the speed of light, creating a bluish glow near the centre of the remnant. | | | The individual Hubble images were taken with the telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 in 1999 and 2000. |
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http://www.newscientistspace.com/article/dn8404-hubble-mosaic-reveals-crab-nebula-in-new-detail.html
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| | Crab |
| | One of the most studied objects in the heavens, the Crab Nebula is now known to be the remnants of a supernova explosion. | | | Using a larger telescope in 1844, Lord Ross described the nebulous filiments as resembling a crab and so it has been known as the Crab Nebula ever since. | | | This special type of neutron star is called a "Pulsar". |
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http://user.mc.net/arf/m1.htm
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| | News in Science - Ring discovered around Crab Nebula - 29/09/1999 |
| | It's easily the most intensively studied object beyond our solar system, having first been observed in 1054 A.D. Using both radio and x-ray images, scientists can better understand these stellar objects - similar to having both a photograph of a person, and an x-ray of their insides. | | | At the centre of the Nebula is a rapidly rotating neutron star - or pulsar - that is pumping enormous amounts of energy into the Nebula in the form of high-energy particles and magnetic fields. | | | PM: Scientists question value of postponed shuttle mission |
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http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s55725.htm
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| | BBC NEWS Science/Nature Crab's shocking secret |
| | Energetic processes around the Crab Nebula could help astronomers understand similar objects elsewhere in the Universe, such as rotating black holes at galactic cores. | | | By understanding the Crab, astronomers hope to unlock the secrets of how similar objects across the Universe are powered. | | | At the heart of the stellar wreckage is a small, superdense object called a pulsar. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2276345.stm
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| | Crab nebula dynamo reveals polarities secrets |
| | The basic dynamic shape of the Crab nebula may be a standard for many pulsar seething magnetic furnaces. | | | A vertical cowling opens to where?, seen in the highlighted window. | | | This, next, is labelled B1509-58 by Chandra, its source site loads faulty so I have withdrawn the link. |
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http://www.cosmicastronomy.com/crab-1.htm
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| | ESA Science & Technology: Integral - 1 year in Orbit |
| | The neutron star's spin period varies in a predictable way and provides an excellent tool to verify the timing capability of Integral. | | | Many of the early Integral scientific results will be published in 78 papers in a special edition of Astronomy and Astrophysics, which will be issued in November 2003. | | | Observations of other gamma-ray sources will benefit from this high absolute timing accuracy of Integral. |
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http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=33980&fbodylongid=1470
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| | Observations of object "M1 (Crab Nebula)" |
| | Though there was very little or no light pollution, we could not see the crab nebula without averted vision because of haze and a little bit of fog. | | | At 36x is very spectacular, one of the very few deep sky objects that when seen through the eyepiece looks almost exactly like when seen on a photograph. | | | I thought I would at least be able to confirm a visual, but was uncessful. |
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http://www.lies.com/aaol/view_obs.cgi?obj=m1
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| | M1 - The Crab Nebula |
| | This supernova was observed by Chinese astronomers on about July 4, 1054 A.D. At the center of the nebula remains a neutron star that spins 30 times per second. | | | To find out more about the Crab Nebula, you may also visit Web Nebulae - The Crab Nebula and The Messier Index - M1. | | | The Crab Nebula (M1) (NGC1952), in the constellation Taurus, is the remnant of a supernova, which is the violent explosion of a star. |
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http://www.astroimages.org/ccd/m1.html
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| | The Crab Nebula |
| | A pulsar was discovered in the center of the nebula in 1969. | | | The neutron star in the center of the Crab rotates 33 times per second. | | | The distance to the Crab Nebula is about 6500 light years. |
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http://astrosun.tn.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro201/crab_neb.htm
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| | HubbleSite - Hubble Astronomers Unveil "Crab Nebula - The Movie" - 5/30/1996 |
| | Probing the mysterious heart of the Crab Nebula, the tattered remains of an exploding star, astronomers have found this object to be even more dynamic than previously understood. | | | This picture, which reveals the inner parts of the Crab, represents one frame from the movie. | | | These findings are based on a cosmic "movie" assembled from a series of Hubble telescope observations. |
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http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1996/22
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| | Chandra :: Photo Album :: Crab Nebula Movie :: 19 Sep 02 |
| | Energetic shocked particles move outward to brighten the outer ring and produce an extended X-ray glow. | | | This site was developed with funding from NASA under Contract NAS8-39073. | | | As a high-speed wind of matter and antimatter particles from the pulsar plows into the surrounding nebula, it creates a shock wave and forms the inner ring. |
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http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2002/0052
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