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| | Direct manipulation interface - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Because of the difficulty of visualizing and manipulating various aspects of computer graphics, including geometry creation and editing, animation, layout of objects and cameras, light placement, and other effects, direct manipulation is an extremely important part of 3D computer graphics. | | | There are standard direct manipulation widgets as well as many unique widgets that are developed either as a better solution to an old problem or as a solution for a new and/or unique problem. | | | Direct manipulation is a human-computer interaction style that was defined by Ben Shneiderman and which involves continuous representation of objects of interest, and rapid, reversible, incremental actions and feedback. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_manipulation_interface
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| | Graphical user interface - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A graphical user interface (or GUI, sometimes pronounced "gooey") is a method of interacting with a computer through a metaphor of direct manipulation of graphical images and widgets in addition to text. | | | In academic and research circles a GUI is often referred to as a Direct manipulation interface. | | | Designing suitable interfaces for handheld devices, such as PDA applications and their smartphone cousins, has been a major challenge for user interface designers, and some of the more successful diverge considerably from desktop computer designs. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_User_Interface
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| | tog.txt |
| | As noted, a direct manipulation interface could be described with a single, large state diagram, but, since the user sees the structure of the user interface as a collection of many semi-independent objects, that is not a particularly perspicuous description. | | | The ultimate success of a direct manipulation interface also requires directness in the form of low cognitive distance[13], the mental effort needed to translate from the input actions and output representations to the operations and objects of the problem domain itself. | | | Direct manipulation interfaces were found to have a coroutine-like structure and, despite their surface appearance, a peculiar, highly moded dialogue. |
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http://www.eecs.tufts.edu/~jacob/papers/tog.txt
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| | Direct Manipulation |
| | Direct manipulation is a style of Human Machine Interaction (HMI) design which features a natural representation of task objects and actions promoting the notion of people performing a task themselves (directly) not through an intermediary like a computer. | | | The computer science foundation areas of computer architecture and operating systems provide you with an understanding of the machines upon which human computer interface styles such as direct manipulation are implemented. | | | As with any computer application development, direct manipulation interface development benefits greatly from the computer science foundation areas of algorithms and programming languages. |
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http://www.hitl.washington.edu/scivw/EVE/I.D.2.c.DirectManipulation.html
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| | Project Journal |
| | Maes argues that direct manipulation and software agents are not mutually exclusive largely because software agents are personalized to users' preferences and are not strictly autonomous agents. | | | Direct Manipulation has to do with allowing the user have ultimate control over all details of software procedures. | | | There was actually much consensus in the debate between Schneiderman (Direct Manipulation) and Pattie Maes (Interface Agents), because at the end both sides agreed that the direct manipulation and interface agents do not have to be mutually exclusive. |
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http://www.cra.org/Activities/craw/dmp/awards/2002/tran/week_6.htm
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| | Layered Interaction Analysis of Direct Manipulation |
| | Direct manipulation may be defined as a direct mapping between the semantic level of the dialogue and the syntactic level. | | | Hutchins, E.L., Hollan, J.D., and Norman, D.A. Direct manipulation interfaces. | | | Analyzing the concept of direct manipulation according to a detailed layered interaction model indicates several modifications to a simplistic view-especially with respect to error situations where usability often is better served by explicit error handling. |
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http://www.useit.com/papers/direct_manipulation.html
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| | Autonomous Interface Agents |
| | Direct manipulation graphical interfaces display visual representations of physical or conceptual objects, and allow the user to issue commands that change the state of the objects. | | | Letizia is an interface agent in that it observes input that the user directs at the browser, not at the agent. | | | An interface agent could be considered to be a "robot" whose sensors and effectors are the input and output capabilities of the interface, and for that reason are sometimes also referred to as "softbots" [7]. |
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http://lieber.www.media.mit.edu/people/lieber/Lieberary/Letizia/AIA/AIA.html
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| | An Introduction to 3ds max 4’s Scripted Manipulators |
| | Besides direct manipulation, I will also show you how you can build gizmos that move a lot of other user interface control into the viewport so that you can customize and streamline various workflows with a more heads-up interface. | | | A well-designed direct manipulation interface should be easier to learn because it’s more intuitive. | | | Since you can toggle Manipulate mode on and off, and filter which Manipulators are activated for which objects, and do it in a transparent way – Manipulate mode does not affect MAX’s other modes - you can pop up context-sensitive gizmos in a very flexible way. |
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http://www.scriptspot.com/tutorials/web_upload/manipulatorsTalk.htm
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| | Extending Direct Manipulation in a Text Editor |
| | Programming by demonstration (PBD) involves the authors use of direct manipulation of objects in the interface (i.e., text, in a word processor), while the program observes and learns the interaction. | | | Using the direct manipulation modality to perform ordered selection on objects in the text window, the author can combine these concepts to define new relations, such as second sentence of a paragraph, or last character of a word. | | | This isnt possible in a typical WIMP interface because (a) such interfaces arent collaborative and (b) the set of ways of referring to things is fixed by the design of the interface. |
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http://www.cs.utep.edu/novick/papers/edm.sigdoc02.htm
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| | CSE 271: Class Notes 6 |
| | Shniederman says (p.229) that direct manipulation is characterized by the following features: (1) analogical representation; (2) incremental operation; (3) reversibility; (4) physical action instead of syntax; (5) immediate visibility of results; and (6) graphic form. | | | The "tatami" project in my lab ran into some of these problems with a direct manipulation interface that we built for proofs; it turned out that displaying the proof tree was useless for large proofs, because of the size and homogeneity of the display. | | | Shneiderman's campaign on behalf of direct manipulation has been so successful that today, one is perhaps more likely to see it misapplied than to see it not applied when it should have been. |
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http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/goguen/courses/271sp03/6.html
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| | Input Modalities |
| | These strengths are exactly the weaknesses of direct manipulation interfaces, and concurrently, the weaknesses of natural language interfaces (ambiguity, conceptual coverage, etc.) can be overcome by the strengths of direct manipulation [[6]]. | | | Direct manipulation interactions possess many desirable qualities: communication is generally fast and concise; input techniques are easy to learn and remember; the user has a good idea about what can be accomplished, as the visual presentation of the available actions is generally easily accessible. | | | Through the use of menus and a graphical user interface, users are presented with sets of discrete actions and the objects on which to perform them. |
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http://www.ai.sri.com/~cheyer/papers/mmap/node3.html
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| | User Interface: GUI History |
| | Direct Manipulation of graphical objects: The now direct manipulation interface, where visible objects on the screen are directly manipulated with a pointing device, was first demonstrated by Ivan Sutherland in Sketchpad, which was his 1963 MIT PhD thesis. | | | William Newman's Reaction Handler, created at Imperial College, London (1966-67) provided direct manipulation of graphics, and introduced "Light Handles," a form of graphical potentiometer, that was probably the first "widget." Another early system was AMBIT/G (implemented at MIT's Lincoln Labs, 1968). | | | Many of the interaction techniques popular in direct manipulation interfaces, such as how objects and text are selected, opened, and manipulated, were researched at Xerox PARC in the 1970's. |
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http://cne.gmu.edu/itcore/userinterface/GUIHistory2.html
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| | ESRI.html |
| | With the advent of GIS user interface design tools such as Arc/View 2, system designers will have for the first time the opportunity to build customized GIS user interfaces rapidly and at a high level, without the need to invest into learning low-level graphics programming, much like most user interface management systems (UIMS) require. | | | For this purpose, we will design a small set of scenarios for which we will (1) develop a mock-up to study the soundness of the interface, (2) map the interface onto existing Arc/View II tools, and (3) if the necessary tools are available, develop a prototype in Arc/View II. | | | Over the last few years, user interfaces of commercial geographic information systems have become more and more advanced. |
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http://www.spatial.maine.edu/~max/ESRI.html
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| | dialog-dirmanip |
| | One obvious problem with direct manipulation is that some tasks cannot be described with concrete objects and not all possible actions can be performed in a direct manner. | | | The guiding principle behind direct manipulation (DM) is as follows: the user should be able to engage in an interface dialogue which mimics those actions which would be required to perform a task if it required the manipulation of physical entities. | | | In this thoery, directness is characterized in terms of two opposing gulfs which indicate the existing gap between the goals of the user and the system image. |
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http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_winter/Topics/dialog-dirmanip
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| | Confessions of a Human Interface Junkie: Rick Roe's Weblog |
| | Just implementing drag-and-drop isn't enough to fully conform to principles of direct manipulation and perceived stability: in order to make the interface truly transparent, what's going on should be explicitly clear throughout the entire drag operation. | | | Apple's Human Interface Guidelines have long embraced the principle of direct manipulation: when the user handles the icons/text/etc on the screen, she should feel she's "really" handling the objects they represent. | | | Interfaces which implement these principles are the most transparent — this is one of the reasons why users of the original Finder often didn't realize they were working with an abstraction. |
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http://rick.icons.cx/index.php?date=20030505
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| | A Direct Manipulation User Interface for Querying Geographic Databases (ResearchIndex) |
| | Abstract: This paper presents an architecture for a direct manipulation user interface for browsing and querying geographic data. | | | This interface provides users with a high level object oriented conceptual view of the underlying database, independent of the database's native data model. | | | It lets users manipulate different representations of a single georeferenced entity, thereby adding a new degree of flexibility to querying facilities. |
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http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/2117.html
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| | Direct manipulation interface for Boolean information retrieval (US5175814) |
| | The manipulations performed by the user include moving terms of the query, changing the order in which query terms are evaluated, adding terms, deleting terms, and selecting alternate versions of terms. | | | A method for graphically displaying and manipulating a Boolean query stored in a memory of a data processing system, the Boolean query including a plurality of terms, and the method including the steps, performed by the data processing system, of: | | | generating a new Boolean query in the memory of the data processor to reflect the manipulated configuration. |
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http://www.delphion.com/details?pn10=US05175814
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| | Self paper: "The use-mention perspective" |
| | However, a direct manipulation interface is a physical-world analog, and we argue that use and mention are not distinguished by the physical world. | | | Programming for direct manipulation interfaces is commonly carried out in a textual language, in which use and mention are distinct. | | | We argue that passing from the user interface into the textual language will always be an ungraceful act, because the two domains are fundamentally different in how they handle use and mention. |
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http://research.sun.com/self/papers/use-mention.html
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| | Segman Technical Notes |
| | SegMan is a perceptual substrate that uses computational vision to "see" the Microsoft Windows graphical direct-manipulation interface. | | | With SegMan we can create and test more realistic cognitive models of direct-manipulation interface usage, build AI agents that can reason about and use the graphical interface, and write scripts and programs that learn and perform routine tasks in the graphical interface. | | | Scripting programs that use the graphical direct-manipulation interface can be accomplished at the time of document's creation. |
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http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/stamant/segman-introduction.html
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| | interface |
| | Since the site uses a direct manipulation interface, the user should have strong task concepts and a good understanding of interface concepts. | | | Direct manipulation will be used in the sense that the user will point and click on different links to accomplish the intended task at hand. | | | Concerning the description of worthy news, the different styles of interaction used are direct manipulation (point and click), menu selection, and the use of search engines, which would be considered a type of form-fill-in style of interaction. |
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http://userpages.umbc.edu/~athomp9/interface.html
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| | Database querying with direct manipulation |
| | The goal of the study was to investigate the application of direct manipulation interface techniques in the area of database querying. | | | Computer Science » News/Events » Project Presentations / Thesis Defences » 1997 - PhD Defence » Database querying with direct manipulation | | | The Boolean 'Or' facility varied between direct and indirect designs. |
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http://www.cs.dal.ca/news/def-1425.shtml
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| | Visual Map Algebra |
| | Visual Map Algebra is a direct-manipulation query language that allows users to construct arbitrarily complex combinations of map layers by stacking iconic representations of thematic map layers onto an interface object called the computational platform. | | | This paper extends the Geographer's Desktop, an innovative direct-manipulation environment for viewing data in a GIS, by integrating a new method for GIS Map Algebra operations. | | | For such a highly visual system, GIS is often characterized by its distinctly non-visual user interfaces, where command-line and window-icon-menu-pointer (WIMP) user interfaces are most common, whereas visual, direct-manipulation user interfaces are rare. |
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http://www.spatial.maine.edu/~max/RC17.html
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| | steele |
| | First, a timeline is not a direct manipulation interface so it is not clear initially how to begin editing or what must be done to get a result. | | | This interface is truly a direct manipulation approach because media elements are manipulated directly rather than proxies to the media elements, as in the Video Workbench. | | | Editing video with a timeline is unlike editing text in a word processor or an image in a graphics editor in that it is not so much the manipulation of the media itself but rather the manipulation of instructions for constructing the final work from the media. |
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http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/research/publications/1999/153/steele.html
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| | DRUM: Item 1903/354 |
| | There are three basic interactive styles of control in human interfaces with computers: command, menu, and direct manipulation. | | | A Study of File Manipulation by Novices Using Commands vs. Direct Manipulation | | | This experiment compares file manipulation operations on the Apple Macintosh, which has a direct manipulation interface, with the IBM PC with MS-DOS, which has the command interface. |
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http://hdl.handle.net/1903/354
(180 words)
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| | 810:171 Session 26 |
| | But the web allows for direct manipulation, and folks working on Java-based and VRML-based solutions are moving in that direction. | | | Using the criteria developed in Chapter 6 and extended in class discussion, critique the web as a direct manipulation interface. | | | A letter grade (A to F) on the WWW as a direct manipulation interface. |
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http://www.cs.uni.edu/~wallingf/teaching/171/sessions/session26.html
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| | User Interface Projects in the Stanford Digital Library |
| | WebWriter is a direct manipulation Web page editor that allows users to create new web pages, including advanced features such as tables, without knowing HTML or CGI. | | | Therefore, our DLITE interface uses a direct manipulation metaphor of iconic representations, rathering than relying on CGI forms. | | | A direct manipulation user interface designed to support user tasks, to smoothly integrate the results of many services, to handle services of widely-varying time scales, to be extensible, and to support sharing and reuse. |
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http://dbpubs.stanford.edu:8091/diglib/pub/userinterface.html
(370 words)
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| | SIGIR 1990: 135-150 |
| | This paper describes the design of a direct manipulation user interface for Boolean information retrieval. | | | A Direct Manipulation Interface for Boolean Information Retrieval via Natural Language Query. | | | Peter G. Anick, Jeffrey D. Brennan, Rex A. Flynn, David R. Hanssen, Bryan Alvey, Jeffrey M. Robbins: A Direct Manipulation Interface for Boolean Information Retrieval via Natural Language Query. |
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http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/sigir/AnickBFHAR90.html
(298 words)
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| | Caligari News Press Releases |
| | trueSpace’s widely recognized and often emulated 3D user interface allows for real-time direct manipulation in a hardware accelerated, integrated, 3D perspective work space where designers can interact intuitively with 3D objects and environments. | | | Caligari trueSpace provides a real-time, direct manipulation interface with full support for 3D hardware acceleration for interactive Web design, graphic design, product design, and multimedia. | | | trueSpace4 features a real-time modeless environment and a uniquely immersive interface, allowing users to directly manipulate objects in a fully rendered 3D perspective space, thus enhancing and accelerating the design process. |
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http://www.caligari.com/News/PressReleases/2000.asp?Cate=NPressReleases
(3233 words)
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| | SIGMOD Conference 1990: 391 |
| | Michel Kuntz: Pasta-3: A Graphical Direct Manipulation Interface for Knowledge Base Management Systems. | | | Pasta-3: A Graphical Direct Manipulation Interface for Knowledge Base Management Systems. |
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http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/conf/sigmod/Kuntz90.html
(194 words)
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