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| | Endianness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Endianness generally refers to sequencing methods used in a one-dimensional system (such as writing or computer memory). | | | The favored bit endianness depends somewhat on where the computer users expect the binary point to be located in a number. | | | While variable-width text encodings using the byte as their base unit could be considered to have an inbuilt endianness this, at least in all commonly used text encodings, is fixed by the encoding's design. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness
(2018 words)
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| | Hardware Data Access |
| | Endianness is the order in which bytes of a 16-bit or 32-bit value are stored in memory. | | | Endianness is something that a lot of programs, even in a lower level language such as C, are blissfuly unaware of. | | | Most personal computers are "little endian" and on those machines, location N will contain the value 0x34 and location N+1 will contain the value 0x12. |
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http://mojo.calyx.net/~bri/projects/GGI/GGPG/data-access.html
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| | Introduction to Endianness - big endian, little endian, byte order, byte swap |
| | For that reason, it may be unwise to select a little endian processor for use in a device, such as a router or gateway, with an abundance of network functionality. | | | An endianness difference can cause problems if a computer unknowingly tries to read binary data written in the opposite format from a shared memory location or file. | | | Little endian means that the least significant byte of any multibyte data field is stored at the lowest memory address, which is also the address of the larger field. |
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http://www.netrino.com/Publications/Glossary/Endianness.html
(1120 words)
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| | Big and Little Endian |
| | Endianness only makes sense when you are breaking up a multi-byte quantity, and attempting to store the bytes at consecutive memory locations. | | | Suppose you are storing int values to a file, then you send the file to a machine which uses the opposite endianness and read in the value. | | | This is even worse over the network, because you might not be able to determine the endianness of the machine that sent you the data. |
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http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html
(1383 words)
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| | Byte and Bit Order Dissection Linux Journal |
| | The endianness of network protocols defines the order in which the bits and bytes of an integer field of a network protocol header are sent and received. | | | For little endian hosts, which are most PCs in the world (x86), byte swap needs to be be performed in software for the integer fields in the IP header. | | | The CPU endianness is the byte and bit order in which it interprets multi-byte integers from on-chip registers, local bus, in-line cache, memory and so on. |
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http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6788
(3311 words)
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| | Endianness in the Solaris Operating Environment |
| | Endianness collision: a program running on a machine of one endianness having to deal with structured data (that is, not simply an array of bytes) exported from an environment of the other endianness | | | This section covers endianness issues in systems programming such as those facing device driver writers in mixed-endian environments. | | | [1] The opening quotation was written by Swift in 1726, so the "endian" term predates the computer era by more than two centuries. |
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http://developers.sun.com/solaris/developer/support/driver/wps/endianness/files/c0101.html
(700 words)
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| | Endian issues for drivers |
| | ``Endianness'' refers to the byte order in which data is stored in computer memory. | | | UDI handles most endian issues transparently; the platform environment does any byte swapping that may be required. | | | Provide functions that swap each access per word when the endianness of the card and the bus do not match. |
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http://docsrv.sco.com/HDK_concepts/ddT_endian.html
(453 words)
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| | MUMT306: Week 8 |
| | With binary files, it is almost always necessary to account for the "endianness" of a computer architecture. | | | It is easy to determine the sign of big-endian formats (from the highest byte) and numbers are stored in the same order as they are printed, allowing binary to decimal conversions to be efficient. | | | These systems are referred to as "big endian". |
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http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~gary/306/week8/smf.html
(451 words)
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| | ENEL 369 Winter 2000 Lab 10 |
| | One area where endianness is of major concern to applications programmers is a situation where a binary file is written by one computer system and read by another. | | | Endianness refers to the organization of bytes within a memory word. | | | However, endianness is only one of the many issues that can arise when reading and writing binary files on different platforms. |
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http://www.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/Norman/enel369winter2000/lab10
(1179 words)
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| | Endianness - GNU Pascal priručnik. |
| | Endianness means the order in which the bytes of a value larger than one byte are stored in memory. | | | E.g., the Internet uses big-endian data, and most known data formats have a specified endianness (usually that of the CPU on which the format was originally created). | | | Endianness depends on the hardware, especially the CPU. |
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http://www.gnu-pascal.de/gpc-hr/Endianness.html
(417 words)
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| | Data File Format - PSPP |
| | System files output on a computer of a particular endianness will have the endianness of that computer. | | | The endianness of data in PSPP system files is not specified. | | | However, PSPP can read files of either endianness, regardless of its host computer's endianness. |
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http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/manual/html_node/Data-File-Format.html
(215 words)
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| | BYTE.com |
| | Endianness has to do with the byte-ordering of multibyte scalar values. | | | (The term endian is derived from a passage in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.) Some machines, such as VAXes and systems based on the Intel x86 or the Pentium, are little-endian machines; others, such as the IBM System 370, machines based on the Motorola 680x0, and most RISC machines, are big-endian. | | | However, programmers and users alike need to be aware of endianness, because data ordered in one format isn't compatible with data ordered in the other. |
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http://www.byte.com/art/9509/sec12/art1.htm
(1594 words)
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| | Sun Microsystems-Reality Check |
| | With computers, as with eggs, big endian systems and little endian systems perform equally well and neither system is inherently better than the other. | | | To explain what endianness means to computing, one must look at how computers store data. | | | Big endian systems store the most significant byte in the lowest numeric byte address. |
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http://www.sun.com/realitycheck/headsup980803.html
(836 words)
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| | Progress 4GL and the Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) |
| | "Endianness" is not a problem for UTF-8 since it is a serialized byte stream. | | | Markup languages are not plain text since they have structure and ways to indicate encoding and endianness. | | | For plain text, which has no protocol or structure, it was considered that the BOM could be the first character in the file. |
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http://www.xencraft.com/resources/unicodebom.html
(1136 words)
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| | TACC > TACC User Guide Codes |
| | This conversion is necessary when using binary files from a platform of one endianness on a new platform with an alternate endianness (for example, from AIX to IA32). | | | If you need to convert the file back to its original state, move it to the original machine and run the conversion utility on the file (on the original machine). | | | No matter what the endianness of the machine the created the file is, one can always copy it to any machine of opposite endianness and |
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http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/resources/userguides/porting
(521 words)
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| | External interface to Fsimg and Fsim |
| | The endianness has to be changed when ever a multi-byte item is loaded from memory to a register or stored to the memory from a register. | | | stack) needs the endianness change, because the memory image which is loaded from file is in the endianness of the processor being simulated. | | | The registers of any machine are always big-endian, but the memory endianness depends on the machine. |
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http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/research/mtech1997/9711121/all007.html
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| | SELinux Mailing List: by thread |
| | Portability would be useful for cross-compile environments, for analysis when one has no access to the platform that generated the policy, and for cross-platform deployment of a single binary policy. | | | It looks like binary policies are always little endian so portability may not be an issue. | | | Also, might it not be nice to have the policies in big endian (network byte order)? |
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http://www.nsa.gov/SeLinux/list-archive/0509/thread_body7.cfm
(4074 words)
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| | Guide to porting from Solaris to Linux on POWER |
| | Endianness is the ordering of a data element and its individual bytes as they are stored and addressed in memory. | | | One source of endianness problems is non-uniform data reference. | | | Developers familiar with 32-bit to 64-bit migration and byte ordering may wish to skip to the next section, Development Environment for Linux on POWER. |
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http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-pow-portsolaris
(5191 words)
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| | UDI Core Specification 1.01 - Endianness Management Utility Functions |
| | This includes hardware protocol-defined structures such as SCSI commands (which are big endian) or networking headers (which are generally big endian), shared control structures (DMA-able structures which are shared between the driver and the device, are typically in system memory and in the endianness of the device), or device memory (registers, card RAM, etc.). | | | For example, a 10-byte SCSI command might look like the following when defined naturally in SCSI's big endian format, using non-portable bit fields for a particular compiler. | | | To help the driver deal with these structures, bit-field, multi-byte, and other helper utilities are provided in Section 22.2.2 below. |
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http://docsrv.sco.com/UDI_spec/core_spec-23.html
(1866 words)
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| | Full Text Bug Listing |
| | It turned out that the problem was that the postgis (and opengis simple features standard in general) DO tako into account the endianness of the mapserver running machine, problems rise when the machine does not have one of the 2 standard byte orders (like 4-2-3-1 on some old MIPS machines). | | | For example if we run the SQL server on an intel machine, query a layer with WKB geometry and use that as layer data on a Macintosh, Mapserver dies. | | | Bug 283 - postgis interface has problems with different wkb data endianness |
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http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/bugs/long_list.cgi?buglist=283
(159 words)
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| | Computer Graphics FAQ's |
| | In addition to structure, we must also consider the endianness of the file's data, and the endianness of the system's architecture our code is running on. | | | You may wish to optimize how you read (or write) data from a graphics file based on the endianness of your system. | | | As was hinted at in the previous section, just reading the header of a graphics file one field is not enough to insure data is always read correctly (not enough for portable code, anyway). |
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http://www.bergen.org/AAST/ComputerAnimation/Help_FAQs_File4.html
(2105 words)
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| | endian-neutral code - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums |
| | On little endian the first byte should be 1 on big endian it should be 0. | | | If you always make sure that network data is big endian (or little endian, whichever you prefer, but I believe the former is more standard), then you won't have a problem. | | | The latter is important especially if you're going to support data transfers between machines of different endianness. |
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http://www.gamedev.net/community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=261458
(879 words)
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| | How Endianness Effects Bitfield Packing |
| | On a big endian machine, the first field is in the first nibble in memory. | | | The unused bit is left to the end of interpreting the struct, so it is the MSB on a little endian machine and the LSB on a big endian machine. | | | Interpreted as a short, the bitfield 'a' adds 0x0001 to 'value' on a little endian machine and 0x8000 on a big endian machine. |
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http://mjfrazer.org/~mjfrazer/bitfields
(571 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | D should be written in such a way that every caveat of cross-platform and cross-language programming is addressed. | | | There would be 3 options: > > > > setBigEndian > > setLittleEndian > > setDefaultEndian <- uses system's method > > > > Endianness causes a lot of problems in XP code. | | | > > > > And if your endianness request doesn't match the target > environment's endianness, does the compiler generate > code to accomodate, or does it issue an error? |
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http://www.digitalmars.com/drn-bin/wwwnews?D/3090
(193 words)
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| | Endianness conversion of data - DevMaster.net Forums |
| | When programming across networks it is often necessary to transfer data between a machine that is little endian and a machine that is big endian. | | | There's an x86 instruction for swapping endianness quickly: bswap. | | | First it checks to see if the first byte is the same as the least significant byte. |
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http://www.devmaster.net/forums/showthread.php?t=1926
(595 words)
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| | SRFI 74: Octet-Addressed Binary Blocks |
| | endianness evaluates to the endianness of the underlying machine architecture, and must be | | | Dealing with other kinds of binary data, such as floating-point numbers or variable-size integers would be natural extensions, but are left for a future SRFI. | | | It is an error to use them at non-aligned indices. |
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http://srfi.schemers.org/srfi-74/srfi-74.html
(906 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Constants are defined in the executable file, the endianness of data in this file should be well defined... | | | Something like: >>>> >>>> bigEndian u8; >>>> >>>>If the machine uses the opposite endianness than what is specified, then >>>>it implements the byte swap automatically. | | | Like I said, can't think of why you'd want to, but it could be done... |
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http://www.digitalmars.com/drn-bin/wwwnews?D/9995
(510 words)
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| | endian : Java Glossary |
| | If a machine is word addressable, with no finer addressing supported, the concept of endianness means nothing since words are fetched from RAM in parallel, both ends first. | | | Your Options to Solving the Endian Problem: a Summary | | | The problem comes when you must exchange data files with some program not written in Java that uses little-endian order, most commonly C on the PC. |
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http://mindprod.com/jgloss/endian.html
(1563 words)
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| | Juggler Sonix: FileIO.h File Reference |
| | For example, reading a little endian TGA on a little endian intel system, returns (untranslated) littleendian data. | | | In other words, reading a little endian BMP on a big endian mips system returns (translated) bigendian data. | | | intel is little endian, 00135 // mips is big), then reverse the bytes. |
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http://www.vrjuggler.org/sonix/1.0-beta2/programmer.reference/FileIO_8h.html
(239 words)
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| | Myrinet FAQ: How do I write a GM program for use on a heterogeneous cluster? |
| | This is a bit more complex (you'll have to write your own swapping functions for the BigEndian machine or use __gm_swap_u*() in gm.h), but this approach swaps only when necessary and shares the byte swapping load on both Big and Little Endian machines, rather than only swapping on one or the other. | | | This way, packet formats are all byte streams and there are no Endian issues. | | | A sometimes convenient but slow approach is to always send data around as ASCII strings (byte strings). |
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http://www.myri.com/fom-serve/cache/261.html
(590 words)
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| | Endianness White Paper |
| | This paper describes software considerations related to microprocessor Endian architecture and discusses guidelines for developing Endian-neutral code. |
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http://www.intel.com/design/intarch/papers/endian.htm
(17 words)
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| | Endianness issues with GPG |
| | The decryption then can take care of the endianness when decrypting a textfile on a specific machine, since gnupg knows the endianness on the machine it's running on. | | | That's simple: you have to store the file in a fixed format with a the same endianness on all machines. | | | JC wrote: > Having checked out that the binary files produced > by GPG-encrypting a file without ASCII armor in a > little endian platform can be decrypted in a big > endian one, without any other provisos (i.e. |
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http://lists.gnupg.org/pipermail/gnupg-users/2003-May/018233.html
(181 words)
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| | NGL: nglFile class Reference |
| | You can either use the nglPath::Open method (this can be desirable if you need file polymorphism) or the nglFile constructor. | | | To close a file (needed to properly finalize write access), you muste delete the file object. | | | You must check any errors with GetError() after calling the constructor. |
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http://www.nongnu.org/ngl/doc/ngl/classngl_file.html
(782 words)
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| | snxFileIO Namespace Reference |
| | // if we're not on a little endian machine (intel is little endian) then reverse the bytes. | | | WriteData (Endianness fileByteOrdering, FILE *fp, const typeT anddata) | | | // if we're not on a little endian machine (i.e. |
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http://www.vrjuggler.org/sonix/0.4/programmer.reference/namespacesnxFileIO.html
(231 words)
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| | Detecting Endianness In C# - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums |
| | Personally, I too think it would have made more sense to put them somewhere in the System namespace, since they're not specific to sockets/networking, but that would be my guess as to why they did it that way. | | | What you might do it overload the BinaryWriter and BinaryReader classes so that they write and read based on the BinaryConverter.IsLittleEndian value, so that the results become completly transparent. | | | Is there another way to do this in C#, such as a way to convert a byte[2] to a short, or a system function that can detect the endianness? |
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http://www.gamedev.net/community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=278879
(757 words)
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| | Why Big-Endianness is Wrong |
| | Now, if we have a pointer to this word, no matter what the endianness of the processor it holds the address of byte 0: | | | The lower address holds byte zero and the higher address holds byte 1: |
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http://frank.harvard.edu/~coldwell/toolchain/bigendian.html
(477 words)
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| | Gentoo Development Weblogs - June 2005, 09 |
| | The other problem is with endianness of types, and more specifically with data structures written in binary form on disk (in files). | | | I know this can seem stupid, but the use of bigendian data structures on disk means that they can be seamlessy streamed over the network: quite all the binary protocols currently used uses big endian as endianness, that's why it's sometime called Network Endianness. | | | Well most of the multi-platform projects will need to restructure the code if they was assuming that OSX == PPC == Big Endian. |
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http://planet.gentoo.org/developers/all/2005/06/09
(664 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Subject: RE: wchar endianness Date: Tue, 31 Oct 2000 09:58:54 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) Content-Type: text/plain X-UIDL: BPn!!PJ~e9IJ@e9h~=e9 The problem is that we point to the OSF code registry, which does not allow Us to interpret UNICODE differently than the spec. | | | The other use (which does apply to GIOP) is to indicate the endianness of the encoded data. | | | Since we both agree that the text says that UTF-16 strings are transmitted as big endian in the absence of a BOM, I don't think there is any issue to be solved for UTF-16 encoding. |
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http://www.omg.org/issues/issue4008.txt
(18319 words)
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| | Lab 5 - Matt Singleton, Stephen St.Vincent, Taylor Hamilton |
| | We investigated a 1G iPod, a 3G iPod, a Palm Vx, and a Palm Tungsten E. We tested each of these for endianness, cache structure, data type performance, and superscalar performance. |
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http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~msingle1/cs25/lab5.php
(467 words)
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| | CalendarHome.com - Calendar date - Calendar Encyclopedia |
| | The differing formats of dates are an example of endianness. | | | The many numerical forms can create confusion when used in international correspondence, particularly when abbreviating the year to its final two digits. | | | This form is consistent with the endianness of the western decimal numbering system, progressing from the highest to the lowest order magnitude. |
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http://encyclopedia.calendarhome.com/Calendar_date.htm
(1115 words)
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| | Debian -- MIPS Port |
| | The Mips CPUs are able to run at both endiannesses, but since that's normally not changeable in software, we need to have both architectures. | | | An SGI Indigo2 system containing a big endian R4400@250Mhz, 128MB RAM and enough disks. | | | They differ at the endianness of the binaries. |
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http://www.debian.org/ports/mips
(325 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Endianness has nothing to do with the order of C-style strings. | | | Ordering only refers to data stored in MEMORY. | | | Data in registers stored from msb to lsb, left to right, regardless of endianness. |
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http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/fall2003/cmsc311/Lectures/lecture6/endian_files/sheet014.htm
(133 words)
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| | ActivePerl 5.8 - Online Docs : Unicode |
| | Anything marked as BE is Big Endian (or network byte order) and LE is Little Endian (aka VAX byte order). | | | The first (and now failed) goal of Unicode was to map all character repertoires into a fixed-length integer so that programmers are happy. | | | For anything not marked either BE or LE, a character called Byte Order Mark (BOM) indicating the endianness is prepended to the string. |
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http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/docs/ActivePerl/5.8/lib/Encode/Unicode.html
(962 words)
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| | Endianness issues with GPG |
| | > Having checked out that the binary files produced > by GPG-encrypting a file without ASCII armor in a > little endian platform can be decrypted in a big > endian one, without any other provisos (i.e. | | | --- Most standards, especially Internet RFCs, address the endianness issue so that crossplatform interoperability can be ensured. | | | Most of the data in any OpenPGP message is treated as a sequence of octets (8-bit bytes), and so there wouldn't be any more endianness trouble with those parts of the message than their would with everyone's favorite type of octet stream, the ASCII text file. |
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http://lists.gnupg.org/pipermail/gnupg-users/2003-May/018228.html
(340 words)
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| | Autoconf, Automake, and Libtool: C Endianness |
| | On big-endian systems, these functions simply return their arguments; on little-endian systems, they return their arguments after swapping the bytes. | | | The code will work on any system, and the result can be read unambiguously on any system. | | | This unambiguously writes out a little endian 4 byte value. |
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http://www.ccr.jussieu.fr/ccr/Documentation/Calcul/autobook-1.3/autobook_114.html
(421 words)
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| | Lab 2 - Matt Singleton, Stephen St.Vincent, Taylor Hamilton |
| | We tested three different architectures for endianness by using a pointer to peek inside a hexadecimal value and determine its byte ordering. | | | Specifically, we determined endianness and the effects of cache associativity, matrix arrangement, differently sized data types, and superscalar architecture on performance. | | | We used our trusty Google powers to find cache structure data for our three architectures. |
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http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~msingle1/cs25/lab2.php
(634 words)
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| | ARM Technical Support FAQs - Section 2.7. Endianness |
| | What about for registers containing data where a byte packing operation can be performed by some peripherals to have a 32-bit word register containing 4 bytes or 2 half-words? | | | The MMCI always packs/unpacks the card data in the same way regardless of endianness. | | | In this case, the ordering of the sub-word data inside the word must be arranged towards the endian mode. |
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http://www.arm.com/support/faqip/671.html
(287 words)
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| | Endianness - C |
| | Endianess refers to the ordering of bytes in a multi-byte number. | | | Big endian refers to the architecture where the most significant byte has the lowest address, while the opposite Little endian, the most significant byte has the highest address. | | | You can find the endianess of your architecture using the following programming snippets: |
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http://www.iso-9899.info/wiki/Endianness
(120 words)
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