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| | Fortran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Fortran (also FORTRAN) is a statically typed, compiled (sometimes interpreted), imperative, computer programming language originally developed in the 1950s and still heavily used for scientific computing and numerical computation half a century later. | | | Fortran 90 was a major revision, adding free source form, dynamic memory allocation, array operations, abstract data types, operator overloading, pointers, and modules to group related procedures and data together. | | | FORTRAN 77 was the last version to require these artifacts of computing history. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran
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| | Language Reference - FORTRAN |
| | FORTRAN included many features that were specific to the IBM 704, the first computer on which it was implemented. | | | FORTRAN is usually credited, Knuth and Pardo in 1977 credit Alick E. Glennie for his Autocode compiler for the Manchester I computer in 1952. | | | For many years, FORTRAN dominated programming, and was described as the lingua franca, or common tongue, for computer programmers. |
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http://www.isi.edu/~iko/pl/hw3_fortran.html
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| | Fortran programming language |
| | FORTRAN was developed in the 1950-s by a team of IBM programmers and released in 1957. | | | This made it worthwhile for vendors to produce FORTRAN systems for every new computer. | | | A simple example of FORTRAN IV (this is one of my firsts programs, written in FORTRAN IV for an IBM1130 using 8Kb memory in 1973): |
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http://www.thocp.net/software/languages/fortran.htm
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| | Saugus.net: ForTran |
| | FORTRAN stands for formula translation and is the oldest computer language in the world. | | | It is somewhat amusing to note that when FORTRAN was first released back in 1958 its advocates thought that it would mean the end of software bugs. | | | Today languages like C and Java are more popular, but FORTRAN is still heavily used in military software. |
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http://www.saugus.net/Computer/Terms/ForTran/view
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| | Center for Fluid Mechanics, Turbulence and Computation, Brown University |
| | The MIPSpro (IRIX 6.2) optimizing optimizing Fortran 90 compiler. | | | The MIPS (IRIX 5.*) and MIPSpro (IRIX 6.*) optimizing Fortran 77 compiler. | | | To compile a Fortran program in file fortran_program.f (note Fortran programs on most systems need to be in files with a.f extension - for Fortran 90 it is usually, with the exception of the IBMs,.f90. |
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http://www.cfm.brown.edu/tutorials/Fortran.html
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| | The FORTRAN Programming Language |
| | Prior to the development of FORTRAN computer programmers were required to program in machine/assembly code, which was an extremely difficult and time consuming task, not to mention the dreadful chore of debugging the code. | | | FORTRAN was so innovative not only because it was the first high-level language, but also because of it's compiler, which is credited as giving rise to the branch of computer science now known as compiler theory. | | | Since FORTRAN was so much easier to code, programmers were able to write programs 500% faster than before, while execution efficiency was only reduced by 20%, this allowed them to focus more on the problem solving aspects of a problem, and less on coding. |
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http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/fortran/fortran.html
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| | A brief history of FORTRAN/Fortran |
| | Fortran won the battle against Assembly language, the first in a series of battles to come, and was adopted by the scientific and military communities and used extensively in the Space Program and military projects. | | | The pioneers of FORTRAN didn't invent the idea of writing programs in a High Level Language (HLL) and compiling the source code to object code with an optimizing compiler, but they produced the first successful HLL. | | | By the way, Backus was also system co-designer of the computer that run the first compiler, the IBM 704. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/fortran/ch1-1.html
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| | Fortran Versions - Charles W. Johnson |
| | High Performance Fortran or HPF is a dialect of Fortran that was developed in 1992 to adapt Fortran 90 to the massively parallel architectures now common in high-end scientific computing. | | | Fortran 2000 will also be better adapted to the scientific computing niche by adding features to take advantage of parallel architectures, much like HPF. | | | Major goals of Fortran 2000 are aimed at preserving Fortran's position as the dominant language for high-performance scientific/mathematical programming. |
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http://www.eskimo.com/~cwj2/kcollege/cs515/fortran/versions.html
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| | FORTRAN IV Reference Page |
| | Positions 73-80 are infrequently used, but when they are they are used for identification codes which are only of interest to the programmer, they are not computed. | | | Standard input device units are machine specific and might be, for example, 2 magnetic tape 5 keyboard 6 console display 8 card punch All version of FORTRAN in use today use unit 5 for keyboard input, and unit 6 for output to the terminal. | | | All FORTRAN programs have the following format: PROGRAM statement variable declarations (optional) executable statements END statement SUBROUTINE or FUNCTION modules (optional) The original FORTRAN programs were prepared on a keypunch machine which punched holes into paper cards which had 80 characters maximum. |
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http://www.cs.gordon.edu/local/courses/cs323/FORTRAN/fortran.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Fortran IV’s control statements aren't as convenient to use as those of modern languages; they are small in number and not as "high level" or as easy to understand and use. | | | Write Fortran statements that compute the first Fibonacci number that is greater than 1000. | | | The first 2 goals were achieved by having FORTRAN's statements correspond closely to the machine language instructions of the IBM 704. |
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http://comet.lehman.cuny.edu/phillipse/cmp339/fortran.doc
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| | [No title] |
| | FORTRAN was first developed at IBM in the mid 1950s. | | | Writing programs in a "high-level" language was conceptually new at the time of the development of FORTRAN. | | | The acronym FORTRAN stands for FORmula TRANslation language, and from this it's fairly easy to understand why it's has so often been used in scientific and engineering computing. |
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http://web.umr.edu/~fortran/docs/fortran_history.html
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| | [No title] |
| | While many old Fortran programs depend on this feature, (which is why it's there in the first place), it can mask uninitialized variable errors as the compiler may have to assume that the variable could have been set on a previous call. | | | The goals of our solution were that the conversion tool had to run fast, it had to generate code which could be maintained without the tool, and the subroutine calls generated needed to be intuitively obvious. | | | Although Visual Fortran online documentation viewers provide advanced search capabilities and the ease of jumping to related topics, sustained reading from a computer monitor is not always desirable. |
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http://h18000.www1.hp.com/fortran/visual/dvf-news-4.txt
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| | Fortran FAQ |
| | Reid, John, Fortran 90, the language for scientific computing in the 1990s -- Unicom Seminar on Fortran and C in Scientific Computing, 1992 Reid, John, The advantages of Fortran 90 -- Computing 48, 219-238. | | | Walter W.V Fortran XSC: A portable Fortran90 module library for accurate and reliable scientific computing -- Computing Supplementum 9, 265-286 Wampler, K. Dean, The Object-Oriented programming Paradigm and Fortran programs -- Computers in Physics, Jul/Aug 1990, 385-394. | | | Additional information on HP Fortran 90 is available at: http://www.hp.com/go/hpfortran IBM has been shipping its optimizing, native compiler for the RS/6000, xlf Version 3, as of 31 December, 1993. |
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http://www.faqs.org/faqs/fortran-faq
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| | C:\BELLBO~1\COMPUT~1\HTMFILES\00000400.HTM |
| | Optimizing compilers, such as FORTRAN IV-PLUS, do better than suggested by this model by eliminating or simplifying operations (for example, by constant expression elimination or moving invariant computations out of loops, and/or by keeping values in registers instead of main memory, especially across loops). | | | Comparison of the results shows that the micro-thread implementation is faster (as expected), but also that its speed is no better than that of FORTRAN IV- PLUS. | | | Count one, two, or four units for each value fetch or store operation depending on the size of the data. |
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http://research.microsoft.com/users/gbell/computer_engineering/00000400.htm
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| | Computers & Geosciences Vol. 7 - Citations and links to programs |
| | TI: FORTRAN IV computer program for rapid hierarchical classification of large data sets. | | | TI: A FORTRAN IV computer program for evaluating temperatures and oxygen fugacities from the compositions of coexisting iron-titanium oxides. | | | TI: AFEL, a FORTRAN IV computer program for calculating lattice parameters and distribution of aluminium in tetrahedral sites of alkali feldspars. |
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http://www.iamg.org/CGEditor/cg1981.htm
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| | Using the F Programming Language in the Classroom |
| | I've been teaching a beginning programming course (at a 2 year college) in scientific programming, using the F language, for almost a year. | | | But the designers of F have already made most of those decisions for me. There is generally only one way to do certain tasks (such as opening an external file, writing a function, or defining an array). | | | At the other end of the spectrum (since F is derived from classical Fortran), I find that the students can usually look at older FORTRAN 77 code and figure out what a simple algorithm is doing. |
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http://www.fortran.com/F/orange_coast.html
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| | Fortran |
| | High Performance Fortran, which is closely related to ANSI Fortran provides the easiest way to write parallel programs. | | | It is therefore relatively easy to distribute Fortran array operations over a parallel computer. | | | In short, Fortran is a language specifically designed for science. |
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http://beige.ucs.indiana.edu/P573/node37.html
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| | [No title] |
| | OS/8 FORTRAN IV SOFTWARE SUPPORT MANUAL DISCLAIMER This document file was created by scanning the original document and then editing the scanned text. | | | The arguments passed from the FORTRAN level do not have to be picked up all at once at the start of the calculation (3-word) portion of the program. | | | The output file is a binary image of memory locations 00000 to 07577 and 10000 up to the highest location used by the FORTRAN load. |
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http://www.dbit.com/pub/pdp8/doc/fivssm.doc
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| | What is FORTRAN? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary |
| | Designed by John Backus for IBM in the late 1950s, it is still popular today, particularly for scientific applications that require extensive mathematical computations. | | | KnowledgeStorm: Fortran Programming Services - Business technology search site offering software, service, reseller and hardware information on thousands of IT solutions. | | | Yahoo!'s directory of companies who specialize in Fortran software. |
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http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/FORTRAN.html
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| | The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing FORTRAN |
| | You have reached the FORTRAN computer language file which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana. | | | updated 12-5-2001 FORTRAN is a computer language first developed in the 1950's and still used today. | | | J83s Software for computer systems RID: 75-121333 ITEM #: for00019 001.6424 Kennedy, Michael, 1939- K36t Ten statement Fortran plus Fortran IV for the IBM 360... |
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http://www.lib.umt.edu/guide/lang/fortranh.htm
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| | [Beowulf] Threaded code (& Fortran) |
| | Fortran now allows free source form (no column 7-72 limit), recursion, improved I/O, "implicit none" statement, and many other enhancements which deliver faster and more reliable development cycle in scientific computing. | | | [...] I learned programming 34 years ago the hard way, using Fortran IV and punched cards, but my preference today is C. Even so, there are a few advantages Fortran had (or still has): * Intrinsic complex data types and functions * More sensible notation for indexing matrices and multi-dim. | | | arrays * Operators like x**y * Same precision operations and pass-by-value (unlike traditional KandR C) * etc. C was originally devised for systems programming, but Fortran is geared towards scientific computing, where it still dominates for historical reasons (e.g. |
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http://www.scyld.com/pipermail/beowulf/2004-August/010527.html
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| | C:\BELLBO~1\COMPUT~1\HTMFILES\00000399.HTM |
| | Since the analysis is a comparison of different FORTRAN implementations for a given machine, the basic execution times are assumed to be the same and neglected. | | | Clearly, the FORTRAN virtual machine de scribed above could be implemented in "real" microcode instead of the PDP-11 instruction set. | | | The resulting comparison, thus, shows the number of words of memory and the number of memory cycles for each implementation. |
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http://research.microsoft.com/users/GBell/Computer_Engineering/00000399.htm
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| | dBforums - Is there any point to learning Fortran IV? |
| | The current version of Fortran is Fortran 95. | | | I've forgotten it all since then as I haven't programmed anything since. | | | >I've forgotten it all since then as I haven't programmed anything since. |
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http://www.dbforums.com/t531531.html
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| | Computers & Geosciences Vol. 6 - Citations and links to programs |
| | TI: MRF; A Fortran IV computer program for the generation of univariant phase equilibria. | | | TI: SOLVUS; a Fortran IV program to calculate solvi for binary isostructural crystalline solutions. | | | TI: Simulhole; a computer program for three-dimensional simulation of a disseminated gold deposit. |
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http://www.iamg.org/CGEditor/cg1980.htm
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| | The historical development of Fortran |
| | The purpose of this is to show how Fortran has been developed from a cryptical, almost machine-dependent language, into a modern structured high-level programming language. | | | Officially the first Fortran version to be spelled Fortran is Fortran 90, all previous versions should be | | | The final example shows the program in the new programming language F. Program TPK in Pascal for UNIX |
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http://www.nsc.liu.se/~boein/f77to90/a7.html
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| | HP Fortran for Tru64 UNIX AlphaServer systems - HP DSPP |
| | The goal of this consortium was to produce a language extension to Fortran 90 which was suitable for scalable computing. | | | HP Fortran is the first fully integrated compiler that can efficiently and reliably exploit multiple computers interconnected over standard networks such as FDDI. | | | HP Fortran also includes support for High Performance Fortran, the language specification produced in 1993 by the High Performance Fortran Forum, an international consortium of over 100 commercial parallel machine users, academics, and computer vendors. |
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http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechDocumentDetailPage_IDX/1,1701,7129,00.html
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| | Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal |
| | On the other hand, all Computer Graphics is done in Fortran, so there are a fair number of people doing Graphics in order to avoid having to write COBOL programs. | | | My first task in the Real World was to read and understand a 200,000 line Fortran program, then speed it up by a factor of two. | | | Real Programmers do Artificial Intelligence programs in Fortran. |
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http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/real.programmers.html
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| | [No title] |
| | The SAP program is written in FORTRAN IV for batch execution and has been implemented on a DEC VAX series computer under VMS and on an IBM 370 series computer under MVS. | | | SAP accepts as input syntactically correct FORTRAN source code written in the FORTRAN 77 standard language. | | | A statistical weight file allows the user to assign weights to all output statistics, thus allowing the user flexibility in defining the figure of complexity. |
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http://www.nttc.edu/cosmic/abstracts/gsc-12724.html
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| | Programming in FORTRAN |
| | For the past 30 years FORTRAN has been used for such projects as the design of bridges and aeroplane structures, it is used for factory automation control, for storm drainage design, analysis of scientific data and so on. | | | FORTRAN was designed for scientists and engineers, and has dominated this field. | | | Revision of the language led to FORTRAN 77, the language we use today. |
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http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/fortran/fortran1.html
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| | FORTRAN |
| | 1961 - FORTRAN IV For additional computer history please see our computer history section. | | | Short for FORmula TRANslator, FORTRAN was one of the first programming languages. | | | FORTRAN began being created in 1954 by members of the IBM team and is still used today. |
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http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fortran.htm
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| | Find in a Library: FORTRAN IV with WATFOR |
| | WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries. | | | Find in a Library: FORTRAN IV with WATFOR |
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http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/c079cd99afcb4b19.html
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| | [No title] |
| | And in response, thus spake the Internet Oracle: } It was many a year ago, } In a company by the shore, } That a language arose which you may know } By the name of FORTRAN IV; } And this language it lived with no other thought } Than to program machines of yore. | | | } } I was a newbie and it was brand new, } In this company by the shore; } But I coded such works that were more than men's dreams- } I and my FORTRAN IV; } With programs that junior workers at DEC } Coveted all the more. | | | O mighty Oracle, whose cognitive powers are dwarfed > only by his roguish good looks, please heed your puzzled > supplicant's plea, and help me understand whether I am going mad, > or if there is a different, perhaps even sinister, meaning to all > of this! |
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http://www.netspace.org/~dmacks/pub/songs.poems/oracle
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| | Introduction to FORTRAN IV... - Backup Whiz |
| | Your one stop for backup, data, hard disk, and file recovery software. | | | Order Introduction to FORTRAN IV today and improve your backup solution. | | | backup whiz » books » fortran » introduction to fortran iv... |
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http://www.backupwhiz.com/books/Fortran-books-0070258953.html
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| | [No title] |
| | C A NUMBER OF THESE ENTRIES WERE EXTRACTED FROM THE OCTOBER C 1975 ISSUE OF THE DECUS 12-BIT SIG NEWSLETTER. | | | C C MACHINE OP SYS / COMPILER PREC SPEED C PDP-8I OS/8 FORTRAN IV 2^23 2.6 C PDP-8E OS/8 FORTRAN IV 2^23 3.15 C PDP-12/FPP-12 ? | | | C C WHET.FOR - WHETSTONE BENCHMARK (FORTRAN) - SINGLE PRECISION C C C THE WHETSTONE BENCHMARK IS ONE MEASURE OF THE EXPECTED C PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTATIONALLY BOUND PROGRAMS. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/computer-science/history/pdp-11/rsx/decus/rsx80a/310115/whet.ftn
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| | OS/8 Fortran Help |
| | @CALLING COMMANDS:.COMPILE DEV:RALFFILE.RL,DEV:LISTFILE.LS,DEV:MAPFILE.MPCOMPILATION /F PRODUCE RALF LISTING /N SUPPRESS INTERNAL STATEMENT NUMBERS /Q OPTIMIZE.HELP F4ERR PRINTS FORTRAN IV COMPILER ERROR MESSAGES |
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http://www.pdp8.net/lang/fortran/index.shtml
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