Glottal consonant<

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Report Submitted to FAMSI - David Bolles

Because of the ambiguity of whether the second "h" belongs to this consonant or to the following syllable when chh appears in the middle of a word, and because the symbol "ħ" has recently become available again on modern computers, we have decided to return to the use of cħ to eliminate this ambiguity.
However, should a vowel be followed by a consonant in a syllable then it cannot be a clipped vowel but must be either a regular vowel or an elongated vowel.
This is because a vowel which is followed by a consonant cannot by its nature be clipped.

http://www.famsi.org/reports/96072/grammar/section02.htm (3061 words)



Key Characteristics of Chinese Languages

One consonant, the glottalb> stop/?/, occurs in syllable-final position only.
Three consonants -- /n/, /N/, and /?/ -- occur in syllable-final position.
Consonant Phonemes: Possibly as many as 36 syllable-initial consonants.

http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~tojan/rlang/chi2.htm (1152 words)



UTR-1.TXT

The Burmese script therfore ultimately derives from Brahmi, and so shares the structural features of its relatives: Consonant symbols include an inherent vowel; various signs are placed before, above, below and after a consonant to indicate a vowel other than the inherent one; ligatures and conjuncts are used to indicate consonant clusters.
Additional signs are placed before, above, below and after the consonants to indicate vowels other than the inherent one.
Consonant clusters are represented by conjunct consonants, where the first consonant of the cluster maintains its full form and succeeding consonants are written as subscripts.

http://www.unicode.org/Public/TEXT/UTR-1.TXT (3336 words)



Sk'op Sotz'leb: Chapter 1

For example, the division of a sentence into separate words is somewhat arbitrary; some particles (for example, -e, which ends phrases, or -a`a "indeed") do not have an initial glottalb> stop, and always unite with the previous words in the phrase.
All other words are written with an initial glottalb> stop or with another initial consonant.
In these last examples, the hyphen before the glottalb> stop is written to make clear the correct pronunciation -the glottalb> stop follows the non-glottalized consonant, either the result of the use of a prefix, or in a compound word.

http://www.zapata.org/Tzotzil/Chapters/chapt1.html (1847 words)



Words in Mawu

The set of possible consonants in Mawu is given in table 2.
If a type I nasal is followed by an initial consonant that is not already a nasal, that consonant will change according to the pattern in Table 5.
Voiceless nasal consonants do exist (for example in Burmese), but they are quite rare.

http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_1998/ling001/mawu/node2.html (8641 words)



Gweydr Phonology

An example of a word beginning with a "soft" glottalb> fricative is the word ĥaþl, "fog".
Since this class is the most common, and since no word can begin with a vowel phonologically in Gweydr, this class will be marked in the romanization by nothing (for a word that begins with a glottalb> stop), or with an initial h.
This means that when attaching a prefix, the glottalb> consonant detaches, and a prefix that ends with a consonant is attached.

http://dedalvs.free.fr/gweydr/phonology.html (1550 words)



Lango 18

Moreover, the apostrophe might be used to represent a 27th consonant: the glottalb> stop or alif, which is found in Hebrew, other Middle-Eastern languages, Amerindian tongues, and elsewhere.
We could start with the consonants, which are more straightforward: seventeen of them might as well be the same as in English.
The fundamentals of the problem are twofold: firstly an alphabet which could exist within the existing QWERTY machinery, and secondly an alphabet which could orthographically represent at least 27 consonant phonemes and 18 vowel phonemes.

http://www.ki4u.com/webpal/a_reconstruction/language/essays/lango/lango18.htm (1500 words)



Note on Homework #5

248, Kenstowicz uses the term 'supralaryngeal consonant', this is a term used to refer to a non-glottalb> consonant, a consonant that is articulated above the laryngeal area.
248, Kenstowicz uses the term > 'supralaryngeal consonant', this > is a term used to refer to a non-glottalb> > consonant, a consonant that is > articulated above the laryngeal > area.
In your answer to this problem, you should formalize the voel nasalization rule.so that it accounts for the data in (1) and (2).

http://www.indiana.edu/~iulcsecy/L5423105_bbs/L5423105.cgi?read=32 (263 words)



Confusions of Tongues and a Map - FARMS Review

Pate does not understand the difficulty of porting the information about the glottalb> stop from one orthographic system to another time and place.
In English it is accidental, but in many languages it functions as a consonant and makes a difference between two words in which one is pronounced with the glottalb> stop and the other without.
The most typical treatment of an initial glottalb> stop would be to leave it off entirely since most of the Spanish fathers did not hear the glottalb> stop when they wrote their grammars and dictionaries.

http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=502 (3108 words)



Ingush Phonology and Orthography

All words begin with a consonant; the glottalb> stop is the phonetic realization of the zero initial.
Consonants may also be pharyngealized; alternatively, pharyngealization may be analyzed as a vowel feature.
The orthography currently in use in Ingushetia is based on the Russian cyrillic alphabet.

http://ingush.berkeley.edu:7012/orthography.html (345 words)



Arabic alphabet - UniLang Wiki

It is used as the sign of lengthening of [a] or as a carrier for the consonant hamza (glottalb> stop).
In case a glottalb> stop (hamza) is followed by a long A vowel, it is not written as you might expect (hamza on alif + alif), but instead it's written as an alif with a madda, which is actually a small horizontal curly alif:
This remaining consonant, hamza, is instead written over a carrier, which can be wāw, yā', alif, a segment or nothing.

http://home.unilang.org/main/wiki2/index.php/Arabic_alphabet (1204 words)



Sumner.doc

The primes in 1a surface without their final root consonant, as glottalb> stops cannot appear in coda positions; however, the final consonant does surface when it is in the onset position.
In Modern Hebrew, glottalb> stops are optional in the onset position and there is a trend in favor of deletion (Berman 1980, Ravid 1995).
Additionally the number of forms in the paradigm in which the final consonant would be in onset position is low (20-30%).

http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/lingu/events/lism02/Sumner.doc (743 words)



My Czech Republic Message Boards :: View topic - glottalb> stop

Yes I know the glottalb> stop very well: I had to master it when I studied Arabic where it is a phoneme.
I use the expression "post-glottalized" because many linguists do not treat the glottalb> stop as a full-fledged consonant.
Some examples - ke škodě, ve vodě (in cases of double occurrence of the same consonant, i.e.

http://www.myczechrepublic.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=3407 (770 words)



Lesson 2

Say it faster and run the consonant and glottalb> stop together into k
How you pronounce and write glottalized consonants depends on two things: what consonant is being glottalized and where in the word it shows up.
Glottalization is written after the stop consonant, since you hear the release of the glottalb> stop after the stop consonant.

http://www.chumashlanguage.com/lesson-02/less-02-3-tx.html (469 words)



Noun Cases in Gweydr

Class I is the class used for nouns which begin with a non-glottalb> consonant, have one or more syllables, and end in a consonant (if monosyllabic).
Class IIIB is for monosyllabic words that begin with a soft glottalb> fricative consonant (romanizationally, these are words that begin with the letter ĥ) and end with a consonant and contain one of three vowels: a, o, or u (either their lax or tense variants).
The default class is used with words of one or more syllables, with the proviso that monosyllabic words must end in a consonant.

http://dedalvs.free.fr/gweydr/ncases.html (2129 words)



Lehrveranstaltungsseite Kurs 309 im Sommersemester 2005 @ Institut für Anglistik, Universität Leipzig

à in order to undergo glottalisation, the plosive must be ambisyllabic (= in the coda of the first syllable and in the onset of the following one)
· organs of speech (active/movable and passive articulators); difference vowels vs. consonants, parameters for vowel classification, short vowels of RP (classification and position in vowel chart); schwa
- Glottalling: like flapping, but occurs at the end of a syllable and between a sonorant and a vowel, but not at the beginning of a foot

http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~angl/general/lvs/lvs.php3?sem=ss&jahr=2005&kurs=309 (1466 words)



The Cook Islands - General Information

When Maori words are written within an English text it is very important to include the glottalb> stops and macrons to avoid ambiguity and to aid correct pronunciation.
In speech, the glottalb> stop is a brief, guttural sound preceding the vowel.
The ninth consonant, the glottalb> stop, typically replaces the "h" of other Polynesian dialects.

http://www.netadvantage.com/cook/geninfo/ge_frame.html (1285 words)



Klingon Mode for Tengwar

Tolkien says that in languages where most words end in a vowel, the tehtar would be placed over the preceding consonant.
However, the point of this tendency is to put the tehtar over consonants instead of short carriers as much as possible.
In Klingon, most words end in a consonant, like Sindarin.

http://members.aol.com/dtrimboli/ktengwar/klingontengwar.html (1157 words)



Poldervaart

The other two (preglottalization and preaspiration) show up as consonant clusters (glottalb> stop or h is the first consonant, n,m,ng,w,y or h (h only after glottalb> stop) are the only possiblities for the second consonant).
The first consonant of a morpheme can alternate between the different consonant sets depending on the preceding morpheme.
In the past, attempts to find the basis for this variation have failed.

http://www.conknet.com/~mmagnus/SSArticles/Arie2.html (3329 words)



Zoque

A glottalb> stop and nasal or liquid reverse positions.
For more information about metathesis in this language, click on the following links:
A palatal glide + consonant sequence, due to morpheme concatenation, is pronounced with the glide following the consonant.

http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mcarmstr/mirror/Zoque.html (246 words)



Glottalb> consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Often all vocalic onsets are preceded by a glottalb> stop, for example in German.
The Hawaiian language writes the glottalb> stop as an opening single quote ‘.
However, the glottalb> stop at least behaves as a typical consonant in languages such as Tsou.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_consonant (253 words)



Linguistic and Philosophical Origins of the Korean Alphabet (Hangul)

The first consonant in each row is the most basic and is graphically the simplest; this representative consonant for each group is the building block for the other characters in that group.
Ingeniously, each of these representative consonants is a kind of simplified schematic diagram showing the position of the mouth in forming those consonants.
Notice that the five representative consonants (the ones in the first column in the upper part of the diagram) are also depicted in the drawings that make up the lower part of the diagram showing the relevant part of the mouth involved.

http://www.wam.umd.edu/~stwright/korean/korean-linguistics-origins.html (1180 words)



The Aiola Alphabet

All the other symbols represent consonants of the language.
Four consonant sounds are represented in written speech with diagraphs (two-letter symbol).

http://www.aiola.org/learn/alphabet.html (99 words)



IPA Tables

These frictionless continuants are to be considered as consonants on account of their consequent lack of prominence as compared with the adjoining vowels.)
Consonants which can be held on continuously without change of quality are sometimes classed together as contunatives or continuantsl they include nasal, lateral, rolled, fricative consonants and frictionless sounds.
IPA Vowels: IPA Consonants : Other Symbols

http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/sapienti/phon/ipasymb.htm (1574 words)



Phonetic Transcription Workshop

At the present moment, the consonants in stone, home, boat and road are pretty much stable in all English dialects, except that the majority of British speakers have no initial consonant in home and may also substitute a glottalb> stop for the final /t/ in boat.
Here's an example of what I mean by the stability of consonants and the variability of vowels, both across time and across the English-speaking world at a given time.
There are two basic ways of making consonants: voiced and unvoiced.

http://www.uta.edu/english/tim/courses/4301f98/2sept.html (1750 words)



Japanese Language Sounds

Syllables can consist of one, two, or three moras, depending on the presence or absence of a long vowel and/or a doubled consonant (really glottalb> stops), each of which adds one mora to the syllable length.
There are 5 vowel and 17 consonant phonemes (compared to 15 vowels and 22 consonants in English).
Japanese is therefore said to be a syllable-timed language, although mora-timed would be a more accurate description.

http://www.shododesigns.com/japaninformation/language3.htm (494 words)



Conference Materials

In single consonants, the glottalb> opening peak occurred earlier for the fricative than for stops.
Each consonant is uttered as the single and geminate forms, and the dependence of the relative timing on consonant type and gemination is analyzed.
In Japanese, a geminate consonant consists of a consonant and a sokuon that precedes it.

http://cognet.mit.edu/library/conferences/paper?paper_id=48842 (383 words)



Interdental consonant : Interdental consonant

The most commonly occurring interdental consonants appear to be interdental non-sibilant fricatives.
This differs from a dental consonant in that the tip of the tongue is placed between the upper and lower front teeth, and therefore may articulate with both the upper and lower incisors, while a dental consonant is articulated with the tongue against the back of the front incisors.
Interdental consonants are produced by placing the blade of the tongue against the upper incisors.

http://www.gogeeky.net/title/interdental-consonant (255 words)



Talk:Glottalb> consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Why should an article titled simply "glottalb>" address glottalb> consonants when that appears to be a derivative, rather than primary, meaning of the word "glottalb>"?
Perhaps an article titled "glottalb> consonant" could address glottalb> consonants, and another titled "glottalb> fold" could address glottalb> folds.
This page was last modified 03:24, 27 December 2002.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Glottal_consonant (88 words)



Ilya Writing

The written glyphs for consonants have a half- or full-circle basic structure, while vowels/semivowels have a quarter-circle basic structure.
With consonant pairs, the first is unvoiced (no vocal cord vibration), the second is voiced, said exactly the same way, but with the vocal cords vibrating.
Bilabial Consonant, where the sound is produced by the motion of the lips.

http://homepage.mac.com/pfhreak/ilya/writing/letters.html (548 words)

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Topic: Glottal <b>consonant<

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