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| | Report Submitted to FAMSI - David Bolles |
 | | Because of the ambiguity of whether the second "h" belongs to this consonant or to the following syllable when chh appears in the middle of a word, and because the symbol "ħ" has recently become available again on modern computers, we have decided to return to the use of cħ to eliminate this ambiguity. | | | This may be based in a hieroglyphic convention which the early Mayan writers carried over into the Latin script orthography, because there are examples of the hieroglyph with the value ha being added to the hieroglyph with the value ca to form -cah, as in chucah (captured). | | | In the cases where the vowel is not the final value within a syllable, i.e. |
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http://www.famsi.org/reports/96072/grammar/section02.htm
(3061 words)
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| |
| | Key Characteristics of Chinese Languages |
| | Three consonants -- /n/, /N/, and /?/ -- occur in syllable-final position. | | | One consonant, the glottal stop /?/, occurs in syllable-final position only. | | | Consonant Phonemes: Possibly as many as 36 syllable-initial consonants. |
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http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~tojan/rlang/chi2.htm
(1152 words)
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| |
| | [No title] |
| | The Burmese script therfore ultimately derives from Brahmi, and so shares the structural features of its relatives: Consonant symbols include an inherent vowel; various signs are placed before, above, below and after a consonant to indicate a vowel other than the inherent one; ligatures and conjuncts are used to indicate consonant clusters. | | | Additional signs are placed before, above, below and after the consonants to indicate vowels other than the inherent one. | | | It has lost this function in Khmer and instead is considered a simple diacritic similar to TOANDAKHIAT in both reading and sorting. |
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http://www.unicode.org/Public/TEXT/UTR-1.TXT
(3336 words)
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| |
| | Sk'op Sotz'leb: Chapter 1 |
| | For example, the division of a sentence into separate words is somewhat arbitrary; some particles (for example, -e, which ends phrases, or -a`a "indeed") do not have an initial glottal stop, and always unite with the previous words in the phrase. | | | All other words are written with an initial glottal stop or with another initial consonant. | | | Almost all Tzotzil words can be analyzed as a root of this form together with certain affixes. |
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http://www.zapata.org/Tzotzil/Chapters/chapt1.html
(1847 words)
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| |
| | Words in Mawu |
| | The set of possible consonants in Mawu is given in table 2. | | | If a type I nasal is followed by an initial consonant that is not already a nasal, that consonant will change according to the pattern in Table 5. | | | Voiceless nasal consonants do exist (for example in Burmese), but they are quite rare. |
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_1998/ling001/mawu/node2.html
(8641 words)
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| |
| | Gweydr Phonology |
| | The final class is the class for "hard" glottals. | | | An example of a word beginning with a "soft" glottal fricative is the word ĥaþl, "fog". | | | Since this class is the most common, and since no word can begin with a vowel phonologically in Gweydr, this class will be marked in the romanization by nothing (for a word that begins with a glottal stop), or with an initial h. |
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http://dedalvs.free.fr/gweydr/phonology.html
(1550 words)
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| |
| | Lango 18 |
| | We could start with the consonants, which are more straightforward: seventeen of them might as well be the same as in English. | | | The fundamentals of the problem are twofold: firstly an alphabet which could exist within the existing QWERTY machinery, and secondly an alphabet which could orthographically represent at least 27 consonant phonemes and 18 vowel phonemes. | | | Using diacritics likewise in the English alphabet would certainly solve all the problems of representing its range of phonemes, though it would make a great deal of QWERTY hardware redundant in the process. |
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http://www.ki4u.com/webpal/a_reconstruction/language/essays/lango/lango18.htm
(1500 words)
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| | Note on Homework #5 |
| | In your answer to this problem, you should formalize the voel nasalization rule.so that it accounts for the data in (1) and (2). | | | In your answer to this problem, > you should formalize the voel nasalization > rule.so that it accounts for the > data in (1) and (2). | | | 248, Kenstowicz uses the term 'supralaryngeal consonant', this is a term used to refer to a non-glottal consonant, a consonant that is articulated above the laryngeal area. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~iulcsecy/L5423105_bbs/L5423105.cgi?read=32
(263 words)
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| | Confusions of Tongues and a Map - FARMS Review |
| | Pate does not understand the difficulty of porting the information about the glottal stop from one orthographic system to another time and place. | | | He also understands that languages change over time and that words can shift in their phonology. | | | In English it is accidental, but in many languages it functions as a consonant and makes a difference between two words in which one is pronounced with the glottal stop and the other without. |
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http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=502
(3108 words)
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| |
| | Ingush Phonology and Orthography |
| | The orthography currently in use in Ingushetia is based on the Russian cyrillic alphabet. | | | Ingush has a complex vowel system with considerably allophonic variation. | | | Consonants may also be pharyngealized; alternatively, pharyngealization may be analyzed as a vowel feature. |
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http://ingush.berkeley.edu:7012/orthography.html
(345 words)
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| |
| | Arabic alphabet - UniLang Wiki |
| | First of all one should keep in mind that hamza is a true consonant. | | | This remaining consonant, hamza, is instead written over a carrier, which can be wāw, yā', alif, a segment or nothing. | | | But in any case they and the words that follows make up a unique word, so you can't go new line. |
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http://home.unilang.org/main/wiki2/index.php/Arabic_alphabet
(1204 words)
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| |
| | [No title] |
| | Additionally the number of forms in the paradigm in which the final consonant would be in onset position is low (20-30%). | | | The primes in 1a surface without their final root consonant, as glottal stops cannot appear in coda positions; however, the final consonant does surface when it is in the onset position. | | | Based on these findings, I designed priming experiments with two primes, transparent and opaque, both with the same surface structure. |
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http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/lingu/events/lism02/Sumner.doc
(743 words)
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| | My Czech Republic Message Boards :: View topic - glottal stop |
| | The tendency of simplification which occurs in every language is manifested here by common use of an added vowel -e; ke, ve, ze, beze, ode, přese, nade. | | | I suppose there are similar results with other consonants. | | | Some examples - ke škodě, ve vodě (in cases of double occurrence of the same consonant, i.e. |
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http://www.myczechrepublic.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=3407
(770 words)
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| | Lesson 2 |
| | Say it faster and run the consonant and glottal stop together into k | | | How you pronounce and write glottalized consonants depends on two things: what consonant is being glottalized and where in the word it shows up. | | | Glottalized liquids occur only in the middle and end of words. |
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http://www.chumashlanguage.com/lesson-02/less-02-3-tx.html
(469 words)
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| |
| | Noun Cases in Gweydr |
| | In this class, the vowel e raises to become i. | | | The default class is used with words of one or more syllables, with the proviso that monosyllabic words must end in a consonant. | | | Class I is the class used for nouns which begin with a non-glottal consonant, have one or more syllables, and end in a consonant (if monosyllabic). |
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http://dedalvs.free.fr/gweydr/ncases.html
(2129 words)
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| |
| | Lehrveranstaltungsseite Kurs 309 im Sommersemester 2005 @ Institut für Anglistik, Universität Leipzig |
| | · organs of speech (active/movable and passive articulators); difference vowels vs. consonants, parameters for vowel classification, short vowels of RP (classification and position in vowel chart); schwa | | | à in order to undergo glottalisation, the plosive must be ambisyllabic (= in the coda of the first syllable and in the onset of the following one) | | | - Glottalling: like flapping, but occurs at the end of a syllable and between a sonorant and a vowel, but not at the beginning of a foot |
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http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~angl/general/lvs/lvs.php3?sem=ss&jahr=2005&kurs=309
(1466 words)
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| |
| | The Cook Islands - General Information |
| | In Maori speech the context is an important means of overcoming ambiguity. | | | When Maori words are written within an English text it is very important to include the glottal stops and macrons to avoid ambiguity and to aid correct pronunciation. | | | In speech, the glottal stop is a brief, guttural sound preceding the vowel. |
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http://www.netadvantage.com/cook/geninfo/ge_frame.html
(1285 words)
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| | Klingon Mode for Tengwar |
| | In Klingon, most words end in a consonant, like Sindarin. | | | Tolkien says that in languages where most words end in a vowel, the tehtar would be placed over the preceding consonant. | | | However, the point of this tendency is to put the tehtar over consonants instead of short carriers as much as possible. |
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http://members.aol.com/dtrimboli/ktengwar/klingontengwar.html
(1157 words)
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| |
| | Poldervaart |
| | In the past, attempts to find the basis for this variation have failed. | | | The only difference is that the two words condition different initial consonants in the morpheme which follows. | | | It is possible that the long morphemes all occur because of this reason. |
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http://www.conknet.com/~mmagnus/SSArticles/Arie2.html
(3329 words)
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| |
| | Zoque |
| | For more information about metathesis in this language, click on the following links: | | | A glottal stop and nasal or liquid reverse positions. | | | A palatal glide + consonant sequence, due to morpheme concatenation, is pronounced with the glide following the consonant. |
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http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mcarmstr/mirror/Zoque.html
(246 words)
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| |
| | Glottal consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the so-called fricatives, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have; in fact, some do not consider them to be consonants at all. | | | Often all vocalic onsets are preceded by a glottal stop, for example in German. | | | The Hawaiian language writes the glottal stop as an opening single quote ‘. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_consonant
(253 words)
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| |
| | Linguistic and Philosophical Origins of the Korean Alphabet (Hangul) |
| | The first consonant in each row is the most basic and is graphically the simplest; this representative consonant for each group is the building block for the other characters in that group. | | | Ingeniously, each of these representative consonants is a kind of simplified schematic diagram showing the position of the mouth in forming those consonants. | | | Notice that the five representative consonants (the ones in the first column in the upper part of the diagram) are also depicted in the drawings that make up the lower part of the diagram showing the relevant part of the mouth involved. |
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http://www.wam.umd.edu/~stwright/korean/korean-linguistics-origins.html
(1180 words)
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| |
| | Phonetic Transcription Workshop |
| | There are two kinds of language sounds: consonants and vowels. | | | Here's an example of what I mean by the stability of consonants and the variability of vowels, both across time and across the English-speaking world at a given time. | | | There are two basic ways of making consonants: voiced and unvoiced. |
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http://www.uta.edu/english/tim/courses/4301f98/2sept.html
(1750 words)
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| |
| | The Aiola Alphabet |
| | All the other symbols represent consonants of the language. | | | Four consonant sounds are represented in written speech with diagraphs (two-letter symbol). |
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http://www.aiola.org/learn/alphabet.html
(99 words)
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| |
| | IPA Tables |
| | These frictionless continuants are to be considered as consonants on account of their consequent lack of prominence as compared with the adjoining vowels.) | | | Consonants which can be held on continuously without change of quality are sometimes classed together as contunatives or continuantsl they include nasal, lateral, rolled, fricative consonants and frictionless sounds. | | | IPA Vowels : IPA Consonants : Other Symbols |
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http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/sapienti/phon/ipasymb.htm
(1574 words)
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| |
| | Interdental consonant : Interdental consonant |
| | The most commonly occurring interdental consonants appear to be interdental non-sibilant fricatives. | | | This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. | | | Interdental consonants do not appear to contrast with dental consonants. |
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http://www.gogeeky.net/title/interdental-consonant
(255 words)
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| |
| | Japanese Language Sounds |
| | The Japanese sound system is relatively simple, compared to most languages. | | | There are 5 vowel and 17 consonant phonemes (compared to 15 vowels and 22 consonants in English). | | | Japanese is therefore said to be a syllable-timed language, although mora-timed would be a more accurate description. |
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http://www.shododesigns.com/japaninformation/language3.htm
(494 words)
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| |
| | Talk:Glottal consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Why should an article titled simply "glottal" address glottal consonants when that appears to be a derivative, rather than primary, meaning of the word "glottal"? | | | This page was last modified 03:24, 27 December 2002. | | | Perhaps an article titled "glottal consonant" could address glottal consonants, and another titled "glottal fold" could address glottal folds. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Glottal_consonant
(88 words)
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| |
| | Conference Materials |
| | Each consonant is uttered as the single and geminate forms, and the dependence of the relative timing on consonant type and gemination is analyzed. | | | In single consonants, the glottal opening peak occurred earlier for the fricative than for stops. | | | The experimental data were collected using EMA (electro-magnetic articulograph) and PGG (photoglottography) techniques. |
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http://cognet.mit.edu/library/conferences/paper?paper_id=48842
(383 words)
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| |
| | German Vowels |
| | In a polysyllabic word, a vowel is long if it is followed (before the next vowel or the word end) by at most one consonant that could be geminated but is not. | | | Nearly all examples with short vowels are of English origin (non-English are Bus, Kap, and Tic). | | | In the remaining cases where a vowel is followed by two or more consonants, it is short. |
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http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~hr/lang/dt-vowels.html
(4063 words)
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| |
| | Ilya Writing |
| | The written glyphs for consonants have a half- or full-circle basic structure, while vowels/semivowels have a quarter-circle basic structure. | | | Sounds with more than one color band can be produced any of the indicated ways. | | | The first division divides the right half into consonants, and the left half into vowels and semivowels (which includes true semivowels and approximants). |
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http://homepage.mac.com/pfhreak/ilya/writing/letters.html
(548 words)
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| |
| | writing1 |
| | / - as an initial consonant - a glottal stop. | | | consonant, a vowel will be associated with it, e.g., the word for 'younger |
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http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Thai/maanii1/lesson1/writing.htm
(66 words)
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| |
| | [No title] |
| | Otherwise a knowledge of the historical linguistics of the word in question is needed to predict which pronunciation is needed. | | | are allophones of respectively, occurring between vowels or voiced consonants. | | | Before a consonant letter the pronunciation is always ; word-finally after i it is always. |
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http://mindwallet.com/wiki/Old_English_language
(2448 words)
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| |
| | Akha Language - The Virtual Hilltribe Museum @ www.hilltribe.org - Akha |
| | Akha has 26 possible initial consonants, including a “zero” consonant (a glottal stop before a word beginning with a vowel sound), 13 vowels and five tones. | | | There are no final consonants in Akha words. | | | All vowels in pure Akha are simple, but depending on geographical location, Akhas will add one to three extra dipthongs to their speech to account for sounds of borrowed words from the majority languages. |
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http://www.hilltribe.org/akha/akha-language.html
(433 words)
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| |
| | SSILA 2004 Abstracts |
| | We note that V-Glottal-V behaves in much the same way as VV examples; either deletion of the leftmost vowel or diphthongization occurs both when the input vowels are strictly adjacent and when the vowels are adjacent across a glottal consonant. | | | Apparently, vowels separated by a glottal stop are treated as though they are in hiatus despite the presence of the glottal as a possible onset. | | | After proposing a constraint ranking that accounts for the observed hiatus resolution pattern in Toba, we will account for variation between two dialects of Toba and for Pilagá, a closely related language. |
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http://wings.buffalo.edu/linguistics/ssila/meetings/SSILA04/abstracts/klein.htm
(207 words)
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| |
| | SBF Glossary: 0 to 999 |
| | Semitic languages don't have very many consonant clusters, so when you see the consonants of a word you have a pretty good idea where the vowels go. | | | Various hints, and the simple fact that there are only so many words, make it possible to fill in the missing vowels. | | | The letter aleph is a sort of nothing consonant. |
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http://www.plexoft.com/SBF/0-9.html
(15970 words)
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| |
| | Place of articulation - All About All |
| | Some languages have consonants with two simultaneous places of articulation, called coarticulation. | | | In phonetics, the place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of the roof of the mouth). | | | Consonants that have the same place of articulation, such as alveolar [n, t, d, s, z, l] in English, are said to be homorganic. |
|
http://www.allaboutall.info/catalog/Place%20of%20articulation
(909 words)
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| |
| | Talk:Glottal consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Why should an article titled simply "glottal" address glottal consonants when that appears to be a derivative, rather than primary, meaning of the word "glottal"? | | | This page was last modified 03:24, 27 December 2002. | | | Perhaps an article titled "glottal consonant" could address glottal consonants, and another titled "glottal fold" could address glottal folds. |
|
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Glottal_consonant
(88 words)
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| |
| | glottal consonant - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "glottal consonant" is defined. | | | We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word glottal consonant: |
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http://public.onelook.com/?w=glottal+consonant
(71 words)
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| |
| | Pharyngeal consonant - All About All |
| | A pharyngeal consonant is a type of consonant which is articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx. | | | This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. | | | Also helps finding: Pharyngealconsonant, haryngeal, konsonant, paryngeal, consanant, phryngeal, consonent, phayngeal, onsonant, pharngeal, cnsonant, pharygeal, cosonant, pharyneal, cononant |
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http://www.allaboutall.info/catalog/Pharyngeal_consonant
(315 words)
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| |
| | Glottal consonant : Glottal |
| | In phonetics, a glottal consonant is one that is pronounced with the glottal folds, the structure which is farthest back in the vocal cavity. | | | All is still licensed under the GNU FDL. | | | In English, /h/ is a glottal sound, as is the glottal stop in the Cockney pronunciation of the word "bottle". |
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http://www.termsdefined.net/gl/glottal.html
(239 words)
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| |
| | LINGUIST List 5.1314: Internet groups, Auxiliary verbs, Glottal stop, German text |
| | In fluent speech, when the preceding word ends in a consonant, the glottal stop is rarely (if ever) present. | | | Especially quantitative studies, that state what percentage of time the glottal stop appears, broken down by vowel environment? | | | It seems to me that pronunciations with or without a glottal stop are both natural, though the glottal-stop-less pronunciation is especially natural after high vowels. |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/5/5-1314.html
(443 words)
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| |
| | [No title] |
| | Initial and post-glottal double vowels consist of the single-vowel stroke for the first vowel of the diphthong with the positioned stroke for the second vowel. | | | Eight of these are the Dalteu, characters whose sound varies. | | | Post-consonant single vowels, represented by a "positioned" stroke from one of five locations around the consonant. |
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http://employees.csbsju.edu/rsorensen/siritea/shedteu/shedteu.htm
(271 words)
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| |
| | glottal catch - definition of glottal catch by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | occlusive, plosive, plosive consonant, plosive speech sound, stop consonant, stop - a consonant produced by stopping the flow of air at some point and suddenly releasing it; "his stop consonants are too aspirated" | | | glottal catch - definition of glottal catch by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/glottal+catch
(121 words)
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| |
| | Popuywqeraretibe |
| | The /k/ or /q/ phoneme is actually a glottal consonant usually designated in the phonetic alphabet. | | | This "back of the throat" glottal stop generally gives a lot of Americans a lot of trouble when they try to learn German or Arabic. | | | Pritchard was obviously trying to cover up the origins of the word by using the unfamiliar "q" spelling, but to most linguists "q" isn't a consonant at all, not in the phonetic alphabet at least. |
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http://www.sjgames.com/INWO/articles/popuywqeraretibe.html
(610 words)
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| |
| | Fricative consonant |
| | The glottal approximant [h] is also sometimes described as a fricative. | | | Fricative consonants are produced by air flowing through a narrow channel made by the approximation of two articulating organs (e.g. | | | the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth, as in the pronunciation of English initial "th" in thick, or the back of the tongue and the soft palate, as in the case of German [x], the final consonant of Bach). |
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http://www.websign.sk/fr/Fricative.html
(182 words)
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| |
| | Voiceless consonant - RecipeFacts |
| | In phonetics, a voiceless consonant is a consonant that doesn't have voicing. | | | For examples of voiceless vs. voiced sounds in English, see voiced consonant. | | | Voiceless obstruent consonants are usually articulated more strongly than their voiced counterparts, due to the fact that in voiced consonants, the energy used in pronunciation is split between the laryngeal vibration and the oral articulation. |
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http://www.recipeland.com/encyclopaedia/index.php/Unvoiced
(149 words)
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| |
| | Articles - Ju/Glottal consonant |
| | We don't have an article called "Ju/Glottal consonant" |
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http://www.pilates-move.com/articles/Ju/Glottal_consonant
(49 words)
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| |
| | Dental Lab |
| | Placesof articulation Labial consonant Bilabial consonant Labiodentalconsonant Linguolabialconsonant Coronal consonant Interdentalconsonant Dental consonant Retroflex consonant Alveolar consonant Postalveolarconsonant Alveolo-palatalconsonant Dorsal consonant Palatal consonant Labial-palatalconsonant Velar consonant Labial-velarconsonant Uvular consonant Pharyngeal consonant Epiglottal consonant Glottal consonant This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. | | | Dentals are consonants articulated with either the lower or the upperteeth, or both. | | | The dental consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are: |
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http://www.elusiveeye.com/side3032-dental-lab.html
(288 words)
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