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| | Grace Hopper - a Whatis.com definition - see also: Hopper, Grace, Admiral Grace Hopper |
 | | Hopper is also credited with applying the engineering term "bug" to computing when her team found a moth trapped in a relay of the Mark II computer. | | | Grace Murray Hopper, one of the pioneers of computer science, is generally credited with developments that led to COBOL, the programming language for business applications on which the world's largest corporations ran for more than a generation. | | | Admiral Hopper's idea was to make a programming language closer to ordinary language so that it could be used by non-technical people, thus opening the practice of programming to the business world and freeing it from the rarefied environments of science and engineering. |
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http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213732,00.html
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| | Grace Hopper |
| | Grace Murray Hopper worked in a team to create the first english language data processing compiler, this was a big step in computing as it allowed her to concentrate on the maths behind computers. | | | Hopper joined the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation as a Senior Mathematician in 1949 where she worked alongside two others on the UNIVAC computer. | | | Grace was awarded with many awards throughout her lifetime and recognised by the whitehouse as a true computer pioneer who kept America at the leading edge of technology |
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http://www.ibuiltthis.com/elpeter/Grace_Hopper.htm
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| | Remembering Grace Murray Hopper: A Legend in Her Own Time |
| | Hopper enchanted her audiences with tales of the computer evolution and her uncanny ability to predict the trends of the future. | | | In 1946 Hopper was released from active duty and joined the Harvard Faculty at the Computation Laboratory where her work continued on the Mark II and Mark III computers for the Navy. | | | In 1949 she joined the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in Philadelphia-later called Sperry Rand-where she designed the first commercial large-scale electronic computer called the UNIVAC I. She changed the lives of everyone in the computer industry by developing the Bomarc system, later called COBOL (common-business-oriented language). |
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http://www.chips.navy.mil/links/grace_hopper/file2.htm
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| | Grace Murray Hopper |
| | Admiral Hopper believed that the major obstacle to computers in non-scientific and business applications was the dearth of programmers for these far from user-friendly new machines. | | | In 1946 Admiral Hopper resigned her leave of absence from Vassar to become a research fellow in engineering and applied physics at Harvard's Computation Laboratory. | | | The key to opening up new worlds to computing, she knew, was the development and refinement of programming languages - languages that could be understood and used by people who were neither mathematicians nor computer experts. |
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http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html
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| | grace hopper |
| | Grace Hopper's importance in the fledgling area of computers lay in her development of the computer compiler. | | | Grace Hopper pioneered the use of natural language in programming that would lead to the creation of COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) for the UNIVAC, the first commercial electronic computer. | | | Disregarding the naysayers who said English couldn't be used to instruct computers, Hopper used well-known English words and terms instead of computerese to capture the semantics and operators of data processing. |
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http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/inventors/hopper.html
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| | Grace Murray Hopper: Pioneer Computer Scientist |
| | She was one of the first software engineers and, indeed, one of the most incisive strategic "futurists" in the world of computing. | | | Hopper plunged in and learned to program the machine, putting together a 500-page Manual of Operations for the Automatic Sequence-Controlled Calculator in which she outlined the fundamental operating principles of computing machines. | | | She recalled that he greeted her with the words, "Where the hell have you been?" and pointed to his electromechanical Mark I computing machine, saying "Here, compute the coefficients of the arc tangent series by next Thursday." |
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http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/hopper.html
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| | Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper |
| | Hopper had an edge over everyone in the computer business because she believed that there was always a way to improve on the technology. | | | Her development of the first computer compiler and the first computer programming language helped revolutionize the world of computers. | | | Since computers only read binary codes, a series of 0s and 1s placed in a certain order that the computer understands, she believed that programs could be written in English and then translated into binary code. |
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http://www.hopper.navy.mil/grace/grace.htm
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| | IEEEVM: Grace Hopper |
| | Grace Hopper was one of the most important computer programmers of the pioneering era of computing. | | | In 1991 she was awarded the National Medal of Technology "for her pioneering accomplishments in the development of computer programming languages that simplified computer technology and opened the door to a significantly larger universe of users." She was the first woman to receive this award as an individual. | | | Hopper’s later career was spent working for J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly (creators of ENIAC) at the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, which she joined in 1946. |
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http://www.ieee-virtual-museum.org/collection/people.php?taid=&id=1234743&lid=1
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| | Grace Murray Hopper |
| | Her first computer was the Mark I. Hopper was to use it to compute firing tables for weapons. | | | Hopper was determined to make computers accessible to many other people in the future. | | | She hoped to write computer programs that would allow other scientists and eventually non-scientists to use computers directly, instead of having to depend on computer specialists to do this for them. |
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http://www.distinguishedwomen.com/biographies/hopper.html
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| | A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Grace Murray Hopper |
| | Hopper taped the offending creature into her log book and noted beside it, "first actual bug found." She is credited with the terms "bug" and "debug" for computer errors and how to fix them. | | | Howard Aiken directed the work, which boiled down to creating the first programmable digital computer -- the Mark I. For Hopper, a mathematician with no background in computing, it was a crash course in the complexities and frustrations of programming, and the beginning of her life's work. | | | In 1949, Hopper joined a start-up launched by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, who had developed ENIAC, one of the earliest computers. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btmurr.html
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| | Sea Power: GRACE HOPPER: Admiral of the Cyber Sea |
| | Hopper's largest claim to fame was her work with UNIVAC, the Universal Automatic Computer and the first commercially produced computer, during a brief leave from the military. | | | Among the most persistent of these are that Hopper invented the computer term 'bug;' computer language COBAL; and that she was the first woman to achieve the rank of rear admiral. | | | Despite the myths, there is no question that Hopper's background and prestigious ancestry sparked her inventive use of mathematics, which guided her first assignment soon after being informed of exactly what a computer was. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3738/is_200502/ai_n10298188
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| | GHC - 2004 |
| | Her best-known contribution to computing during this period was the invention, in 1953, of the compiler, the intermediate program that translates English language instructions into the language of the target computer. | | | She went back and forth among institutions in the military, private industry, business, and academe, and in all these places she was regarded as one of the most incisive strategic "futurists" in the world of computing. | | | But, as computer pioneer Howard Bromberg has written, Hopper was much more. |
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http://www.gracehopper.org/hopper.html
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| | Admiral Grace Murray Hopper |
| | She joined the team that was working on the Univac I. (Universal Automatic Computer) This computer used vacuum tubes instead of the electromechanical relay switches, and it also had internal memory. | | | Hopper then developed the B-O comiler, later known as FLOW-MATIC, and was used for business tasks. | | | During this time Grace worked with the Mark I computing machine. |
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http://www.engr.psu.edu/wep/EngCompSp98/Kbaxter/hopper.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Grace Hopper is known worldwide for her work with the first large-scale digital computer, the Mark I. "It was 51 feet long, eight feet high, eight feet deep," she said. | | | Introduced as the "third programmer on the first computer in the United States," Admiral Hopper spoke on the "Future of Computers, Hardware, Software, and People." She regaled her audience of more than 1000 persons with stories and pithy observations about the computer age. | | | In her 40 years in computing, Admiral Hopper made important contributions to the field that developed "the machine that assisted the power of the brain rather than muscle." |
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http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/hopper-wit.html
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| | Grace Hopper |
| | Grace's experience working with computers and writing programs led her to believe that the computer could be made to write its own programs. | | | Grace also originated the idea that computer programs could be written in English. | | | She also knew that the key to opening the field of computers up to non-scientific persons was to make programming languages that non mathematical peo ple could understand. |
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http://wayne.home.texas.net/~wayne/grace1.html
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| | Course Technology--InfoWeb: Grace Hopper |
| | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing 2000 This page is part of the web site for the annual Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing conference. | | | Women and Computer Science Ellen Spertus, a former MIT student and now assistant professor of computer science at Mills College, created this Web page to honor the contributions women have made to computer science and document their ongoing participation. | | | You can learn about the status of women in computing during the 1990s by reading some of the articles referenced (and linked to) from Computing Research News, Communications of the ACM, and IEEE Expert. |
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http://www.cciw.com/content/grace_hopper.html
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| | Grace Murray Hopper, Rear Admiral, United States Navy |
| | She was a mathematician and a pioneer in the use of computers in the military, particularly in the United States Navy. | | | The mathematics of such computations is complex, requiring the services of a machine called the Harvard Mark I, which some have called the first fully functional digital computing device. | | | Now, in the Naval Reserves, Grace went to work for the Eckert-Mauchly Corp. in Philadelphia, where her project was UNIVAC, the first electronic commercial computer. |
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http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/ghopper.htm
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| | National Women's Hall of Fame - Women of the Hall |
| | Grace Hopper: the first woman to program the first computer in the United States. | | | Recognizing the need for more "user-friendly" language in English to enable more people to work with computers, she pioneered COBOL, a computer language that promoted easier access. | | | Her formidable skills in mathematics helped propel her into the brand new world of "computing machines," and she loved the opportunities to innovate. |
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http://www.greatwomen.org/women.php?action=viewone&id=79
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| | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing |
| | The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is presented by the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery. | | | The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing 2006 is the sixth in a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. | | | Past Grace Hopper Celebrations have resulted in collaborative proposals, networking, mentoring, and increased visibility for the contributions of women in computing. |
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http://www.gracehopper.org
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| | Grace Hopper '28 |
| | Hopper is perhaps most notorious for coining the term, "bug," to describe a problem with a computer, based on her discovery of | | | Grace Hopper's legacy lives on at Vassar College's computer science department. | | | She remained at Vassar until 1943, inspiring many students including Winifred Asprey '38, who brought computers to Vassar and founded the computer science program here. |
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http://www.cs.vassar.edu/history/hopper/hopper.html
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| | Grace Murray Hopper |
| | Hopper's first assignment was under Commander Howard Aiken at the Bureau of Ordinance Computation at Harvard University. | | | This story is apparently a bit of computer folk-lore, however, as the term had already been used by Harvard personnel for several years to describe problems with their computers. | | | In the mid 1950's, Hopper extended the meaning of the term "debug" to include removing programming errors. |
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http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/hopper.htm
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| | Grace Murray Hopper - TOUCHED BY GRACE - CIO Magazine Dec. 15 1999/Jan. 1 2000 |
| | Of course, I had heard about Grace Hopper, the inventor of Cobol and discoverer of the infamous first bug in a computer (it was a moth). | | | When I eventually arrived at the conference and began my speech about how techniques in artificial intelligence could be used to help synthesize information from raw sensors on the battlefield into meaningful information, I discovered I was the only woman in the room of 100 Navy brass. | | | After receiving her PhD in mathematics from Yale and teaching at Vassar, Grace joined the Navy Reserve at age 34. |
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http://www.cio.com/archive/010100/hopper.html
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| | GHC - 2004 |
| | The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing 2004 is a technical conference featuring invited keynote and technical speakers, panels, workshops, presentations, new investigator technical papers, PhD forums, technical posters, and birds of a feather sessions (BOFs). | | | The theme of the Fifth Grace Hopper Celebration is Making History, celebrating the impact of women – past, present, and future – on computing. | | | Submissions will be evaluated on quality and relevance to the field of computing; submissions beyond the required length will be penalized in the review process. |
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http://www.gracehopper.org/cfp.html
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| | Grace Murray Hopper Award - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Although many awards have added Grace Hopper's name to them since her death in 1992, the original "Grace Murray Hopper Awards" have been awarded by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) since 1971. | | | The award goes to a young (age 35 or less) computer professional who makes a single, significant technical or service contribution. | | | This page was last modified 20:01, 18 January 2006. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Murray_Hopper_Award
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| | Grace Murray Hopper |
| | Grace had no background in computing so it was very much a crash course in the frustrations and complexities of programming and the beginning of her life’s work. | | | He wanted them to know that they could accomplish anything if they put their minds to it. | | | Grace Murray graduated from Vassar with a B.A. in mathematics in 1928. |
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http://www.mtsu.edu/~amelton/h.htm
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| | First Computer Bug |
| | In 1945, Grace Murray Hopper was working on the Harvard University Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator (a primitive computer). | | | The word went out that they had "debugged" the machine and the term "debugging a computer program" was born. | | | Grace Hopper also reported that the term "bug" was used to describe problems in radar electronics during WWII. |
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http://www.jamesshuggins.com/h/tek1/first_computer_bug.htm
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| | BYTE.com |
| | Short Code, the first computer language actually used on an electronic computing device, appears. | | | My approach to software engineering is far more pragmatic than it is theoretical--and no language better exemplifies this than C++. | | | Grace Hopper, working for Remington Rand, begins design work on the first widely known compiler, named A-0. |
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http://www.byte.com/art/9509/sec7/art19.htm
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| | Grace Hopper |
| | Dr. Grace Murray Hopper was one of the earliest computer programmers and a leader in the field of software development concepts. | | | Grace Hopper - Hopper, Grace, 1906–92, American computer scientist, b. | | | While an instructor at Vassar, she earned an MA in 1930 and a PhD in 1934 at Yale, one of four women in a doctoral program of ten students, In 1930, she married Vincent Foster Hopper. |
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http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0881909.html
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| | G - Computer people |
| | Grace Hopper was recalled from retirement in order to help standardize the high-level Naval computer languages. | | | Made an observation in 1965, that later became widely known as Moore's Law. | | | The first woman to return to active duty after the United States Navy was unable to develop a working payroll plan after 823 attempts. |
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http://www.computerhope.com/people/g.htm
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| | Rear Admiral Grace Hopper |
| | One of her greatest attributes was the ability to instruct and persuade others about the computer's potential for improving the way people and institutions processed and exploited information. | | | Rear Admiral Hopper received numerous honorary degrees and awards, including the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, and the Naval Ordnance Development Award. | | | Born in 1906, Grace Murray graduated from college in 1928 and by 1934 had earned from Yale University a doctoral degree in mathematics, a real accomplishment for a woman in those days. |
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http://www.history.navy.mil/bios/hopper.htm
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| | Amazing Grace Hopper |
| | It became the most widely used language for large computers. | | | In 1966, Admiral Hopper retired form the Naval Reserve as a commander, but she was recalled less than a year later to impose a standard on the Navy's many computer languages. | | | She later reported to duty in the basement of a laboratory at Harvard University, where she worked with machines designed to make calculations for the Allies fighting in Normandy. |
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http://home.att.net/~rworthington/History/Hopper_Amazing_Grace.htm
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| | WIC Biography - Grace Hopper |
| | She had changed the ever-growing world of the computer. | | | She had contributed over $34,000 to the Navy Relief Society from honoraria she had received on those engagements. | | | The late Rear Admiral Grace Hopper's spectacular scientific achievements have become international. |
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http://www.wic.org/bio/ghopper.htm
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| | Grace Hopper nanosecond - a Whatis.com definition |
| | Grace Hopper often cautioned her programming students not to waste a nanosecond. | | | Admiral Hopper believed that by providing the learner with a concrete analogy already in their frame of reference, it was possible to absorb and even understand an abstract concept that might otherwise be too difficult to comprehend. | | | In education, a Grace Hopper nanosecond is a prop used by a teacher to help students understand an abstract concept. |
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http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci850361,00.html
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| | Rear Admiral Grace Hopper |
| | The late RADM Grace Murray Hopper USN (ret) served the United States Navy and its computer and communications communities for many years. | | | Instead, we want to preserve the personal memories of those who served with her. | | | Our intention is to do more than document RADM Hopper's achievements. |
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http://www.chips.navy.mil/links/grace_hopper
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| | Grace Murray-Hopper |
| | Honors Medals, and Awards: She had some awards and honors such as: "Man of the Year," Rear Admiral rank in the Navy, membership into the National Academy of Engineering, Fellow of the British Computer Society, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Navy Hall of Fame. | | | Her work in the Navy began in 1943, and ended in 1986. | | | She has many nicknames such as: "Admiral Grace," "Amazing Grace," and "Grand Old Lady of Software." |
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http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/00_01/WH/jms/jms.htm
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| | Her Heritage: A Biographical Encyclopedia of Famous American Women: Hopper, Grace Brewster Murray (biography)@ HighBeam ... |
| | At Yale University she earned an M.A. and a Ph.D. in mathematics, and returned to Vassar to teach mathematics. | | | Born in New York City on December 9, 1906, Grace Murray, whose father believed that his daughters should have the same educational opportunities as his son, attended Vassar College and received a B.A. in mathematics in 1928. | | | Her Heritage: A Biographical Encyclopedia of Famous American Women: Hopper, Grace Brewster Murray (biography)@ HighBeam Research |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28014646&refid=ip_almanac_hf
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