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| | Stalking the Wild Onji: |
 | | Mora research is mentioned, then, to call attention to layers of prosodic complexity in Japanese language and poetry that go far beyond - on counting alone, which if taken as a singular, defining formal feature of haiku, leads to painfully reductive structural interpretations. | | | A brief overview of the evolution of the Japanese writing system and issues relating to the modern Language Reform Movement provides an historical context for terms and concepts discussed. | | | If we are reading romaji, we might mistakenly count enpitsu as en/pi/tsu. |
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http://www.ahapoetry.com/wildonji.htm
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| | Talk:Kana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This applies to ya-line kana (sho is rendered shi-yo, chou is rendered chi-yo-u). | | | Essentially, there was never a kana for ye in any real sense of the term (perhaps only a katakana e to substitute), but was most commonly represented phonetically by at least one kanji. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kana
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| | The Price of Tradition |
| | Current trends in computer usage in Japan suggest that the Japanese are willing to pay anything for the dubious privilege of being able to use kanji on computers. | | | Actually, however, the delay is better explained by the observation that shape and color recognition compete for the same cognitive resources in the brain's right hemisphere ( Yamada 1985 : 257–273): kanji are processed more slowly than kana and X's simply because they are the more complicated patterns. | | | Experiments comparing kana and kanji have produced some evidence that it is easier to learn to recognize symbols when they are identified with whole words rather than with meaningless subword syllables, and also that graphic complexity does not in itself make symbols harder to learn ( Steinberg et al. |
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http://www.pinyin.info/readings/texts/japanese_language.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Information about the formal usage arrangement for EDICT can be found on the Group's WWW page at: http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/groups/edrdg/ In summary, EDICT can be used, with acknowledgement, for any free software or server, or included in file and software distributions at a nominal charge for the distribution medium. | | | Of course, the fact that for the most part the kanji and kana of each entry are coming from public sources, and the structure and layout of the entries themselves are quite unlike those in any published dictionary, adds a degree of protection to EDICT. | | | * if you are using a reference in romaji form, make sure you have the correct kana for "too/tou" and "zu", where the Hepburn romaji is often ambiguous. |
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http://ftp.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/edict_doc.txt
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| | Alternative sci.lang.japan Frequently Asked Questions |
| | You can usually input small kanas such as `¤Ã', `¤ç', `¤ã' by typing `x' followed by the large kana's name: for example I got the above by typing `xtu', `xyo', `xya'. | | | Here is a table of the parent kanji of each kana. | | | Upgraded all the tables to use HTML tables. |
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http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/afaq/afaq-full.html
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| | SEC Info - Kana Software Inc - S-3 - On 9/26/0 |
| | TECHNICAL PROBLEMS WITH EITHER OUR INTERNAL OR OUTSOURCED COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS COULD INTERRUPT OUR KANA ONLINE SERVICE The success of the Kana Online service depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our own and outsourced computer and communications hardware and software systems. | | | SEC Info - Kana Software Inc - S-3 - On 9/26/0 | | | We were first incorporated in California in July 1996 as Kana Net Works, Inc., and we changed our name to Kana.com, Inc. in January 1997. |
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http://www.secinfo.com/d11apb.5wf.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Of course it is all this, in varying degrees, but such an approach begs the question of Chûshingura's durability, since various other legends that are in these obvious ways "Japanese" have come and gone. | | | , words referring to the kana number (particularly " iroha " and " shijûshichi ") are just about twice as common in the kabuki tradition as words relating to loyalty ( chûshin, gishin, chûgi, etc.) up until Meiji, when terms of loyalty become dominant. | | | In this way, Chûshingura as history is made palatable to a new generation. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/~hds2/47ronin.htm
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| | Japanese Writing System |
| | This early system was a rather clumsy workaround and eventually certain characters were simplified for specifically phonetic purposes, resulting in the kana syllabaries. | | | More hiragana and katakana tables can be found in the Links. | | | Since Japanese does not put spaces between words, this is highly useful in scanning text. |
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http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writsys/writjpn.html
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| | WWWJDIC - INFORMATION |
| | You need sophisticated segmentation software to do this. | | | This file has been extracted from the Postal Code database available on the WWW. | | | where a kanji is followed by two or more hiragana, an attempt is made to match the kana against known verb/adjective inflections. |
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http://etext.virginia.edu/wwwjdic/wwwjdicinf.html
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| | The Challenges of Intelligent Japanese Searching |
| | Although hiragana variation is a relativity minor issue, the intelligent Japanese search engine should be capable of retrieving hiragana variants, regardless of how the keyword is input. | | | The intelligent Japanese search engine should be able to retrieve all such variants, regardless of how the search term is input. | | | Clearly, the user has no hope of finding all these variants unless the search engine can perform sophisticated cross-orthographic searching, as discussed below. |
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http://www.cjk.org/cjk/joa/joapaper.htm
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| | Classical Chinese reader - Introduction |
| | When you have been through this book you will have a detailed understanding of a significant Han text, and will be able to use that understanding in any number of ways. | | | You may for example look at it as a historical source, or a literary text, or a linguistic example, and analyse it as such. | | | Introductory textbooks of Classical Chinese naturally use texts which do not present serious philological problems, and whose understanding does not depend on a detailed knowledge of their historical context. |
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http://www.staff.hum.ku.dk/dbwagner/TB/TB.html
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| | Links |
| | Grammar Slammer uses the familiar Help file format to make it easy to find what you are looking for. | | | Columbia Online Style: MLA-Style Citations of Electronic Sources. | | | A forum offering help with spelling, usage, word games, and more |
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http://www.grammarian.com/LINKS.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Also, since many of the readings this semester are written in the traditional orthography, known as rekishiteki kanazukai (historical kana usage), today's class will include an introduction to this "spelling" system. | | | You might prefer to discuss aspects of culture you find interesting in the reading, or compare it with other works you have read. | | | Typically they don't include the full range of meanings of a word, for example, and they omit examples of usage. |
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http://www.public.asu.edu/~achamber/jpn321gen02.html
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| | DrBeach.Org |
| | Mapping Techniques and Historical Shoreline Analysis, Nauset Spit, Massachusetts, in Geotechnology in Massachusetts, O.C. Farquhar, ed., Amherst, MA, pp. | | | Crowell, M., Leatherman, S.P., and Buckley, M.K., 1991, Historical Shoreline Change: Error Analysis and Mapping Accuracy, JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH, V. 7, pp. | | | Leatherman, S.P., 1990, Environmental Implications of Shore Protection Strategies Along Open Coasts (With a Focus on the United States), Changing Climate and the Coasts, J.G. Titus, ed., United Nations Environment Program, p. |
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http://www.drbeach.org/common/bibliography.htm
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| | Writing System Links |
| | A very good introduction to the historical development of the Japanese writing system, in particular hiragana and katakana (would be better if the graphics links weren't broken). | | | To look up actual Chu nom characters, see the above site's lookup page / lookup page. | | | To get information from the horse's mouth, check out the Agency for Cultural Affairs' national language policy materials, which includes a table of the standard characters ( jooyoo kanji), correct kana usage, a comparison of old and new kana usage, exceptional character readings, the treatment of foreign words, romanisations, etc. In Japanese. |
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http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writsys/writlinks.html
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| | JWPce Support Information |
| | Kana converter now processes mb and mp combinations a nb and np. | | | When selecting Character Information for kana, JWPce will display possible romaji for the kana. | | | Registry usage is different in Window 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP and Windows CE. |
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http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~grosenth/c_main.html
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| | Japanese writing system. |
| | Historical kana usage is in fact rather more convoluted than the above examples might suggest. | | | In consequence the children used a high proportion of kana (many to write words which in texts for adults would normally be written in kanji). | | | In principle, historically correct kana spellings such as those noted above were taken as the basis for historical systems of kana usage, though some spellings (a small proportion) that were proposed were in fact incorrect in terms of the historical principle. |
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http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j19/japanese.html
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| | Talk:Historical kana usage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | History of computing grew too large, so we split it off. | | | To me, the merger makes sense because kana article does not need to be limited to modern kana. | | | There's no rule that there must be a one-to-one correspondence between individual articles in wikipedias of different languages, and there's no real size restriction on articles. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Historical_kana_usage
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| | Articles - Hiragana |
| | The latter method is used to add the diacritics to kana that are not normally used with them, for example applying the dakuten to a pure vowel or the handakuten to a kana not in the h-group. | | | There are ways to represent other sounds with hiragana, using minuscule versions of the five vowel kana. | | | This has not always been the case: a previous system of spelling, now referred to as |
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http://www.bowling-balls.net/articles/Hiragana
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| | [No title] |
| | Now, if we examine this accepted classification with a view to finding the place belonging to the Jewish people in the chronological series, we meet with embarrassing difficulties, and finally arrive at the conclusion that its history cannot be accommodated within the compass of the classification. | | | The results of such an analysis, arranged in some sort of system, form the content of the national idea. | | | Let us, in the first place, examine its value for science and philosophy. |
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http://www.knowledgerush.com/pg/etext05/7jwhs10.txt
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| | Orthographic Variation in Japanese |
| | Below is a list of components required for building such a database, which have been developed by our team of lexicographers. | | | One of the most important types of orthographic variation in Japanese occurs in kana endings, called ‘—Âè¼—¼ okurigana, that are attached to a kanji base or stem, as shown in Table 2. | | | Because usage is often unpredictable, they are a nuisance in any kind of Japanese language processing When normalizing Japanese orthographic variants, special attention must be given to register all okurigana variants. |
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http://www.cjk.org/cjk/reference/japvar.htm
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| | Shinkokinshu |
| | But the merit of replacing kana with kanji is questionable. | | | The most prominent difference between our edition and that of the Iwanami series is that we have not substituted kanji where kana are used in the copy text. | | | Kana and (with a few exceptions) kanji usage has been brought into conformity with modern typographic conventions, but we have avoided imposing so-called "historical kana usage" on our scribes, on the assumption that they were literate enough to make their own choices about what should count as proper orthography in their day. |
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http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/shinkokinshu/AnoShin.ednote.html
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| | Amazon.ca: Books: Kanji & Kana |
| | After you have learned everything in Kanji and Kana, I would suggest buying Nelson's Japanese-English Character Dictionary, which contains more kanji, and many more examples of Japanese vocabulary. | | | So, for example, there may be 4 examples using the character for PERSON, but many other more advanced kanji also form compound words with PERSON, so you will find additional examples throughout the book. | | | Kanji and Kana has plenty of examples, 4-5 for each character, but the main characters are used many other times subsequently in compounds with other kanji characters. |
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http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0804820775
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| | Talk:Japanese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | What I said was "It is true that certain aspects of a language can make it easier or harder to learn for speakers of certain other languages, but no language is universally harder or easier than some other language." | | | Early writing system section with more at Kana#History of kana. | | | The use of hiragana and karakana in Japanese language is very similar in nature to the italic use in the Englsih language. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Japanese_language
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| | A personal note on Romanization of Japanese words |
| | But the actual development of Japanese word processing did not precisely follow the way he anticipated, and he has made a course correction. | | | I agree with him about the current situation that spelling of Japanese has less fluctuation in kana than in Roman letters, and that many people are accustomed with the sequence "ou" on contemporary word processing software. | | | For other words, I use Kunrei-siki if I have free choice. |
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http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~masudako/memo_en/romanize.html
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| | Introduction to Literacy and Script Reform in Occupation Japan: Reading Between the Lines |
| | Organizations devoted to the exclusive use of kana or rÃ
Âmaji have been politically marginalized, but manage to survive; the inefficiencies of the script remain and take their social and economic toll despite improvements in technology, including the proliferation of computers ( Unger 1987). | | | The problem with this doggedly historical approach is that imputes certain psycholinguistic processes and kinds of knowledge to modern literate Japanese without justification. | | | Having taken note of the political and practical forces that mitigate against the abolition of kanji, let me recall the lesson of the analysis of our example sentence: the function of kanji in the current Japanese writing system is to replace strings of kana. |
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http://www.pinyin.info/readings/texts/introduction.html
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| | Japanese grammar |
| | The adjoining table is a nearly exhaustive list of these spelling changes. | | | All earlier texts used the archaic orthography, now referred to as historical kana usage. | | | Historical note: classical Japanese had upper and lower first and second groups and a fourth group (上／下一段 kami/shimo ichidan, 上／下二段 kami/shimo nidan, and 四段 yodan), and nothing like the modern godan group. |
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http://pedia.newsfilter.co.uk/wikipedia/j/ja/japanese_grammar.html
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| | languagehat.com: December 2003 Archives |
| | The Nonverbal Dictionary of Gestures, Signs & Body Language Cues, from Adam's-Apple-Jump to Zygomatic Smile, by David B. Givens (Spokane, Washington: Center for Nonverbal Studies Press), is a detailed examination of the ways we communicate without words. | | | Gray was encouraged that his research had been supported in the United States by Stanford University's eminent geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. | | | This word is properly spelt Daguerréotype, and pronounced as if written Dagairraioteep. |
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http://www.languagehat.com/archives/2003_12.php
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| | TRANS Nr. 15: Manfred B. Sellner (University of Salzburg, Austria): Remarks on Language Attitudes and Language ... |
| | Thus, this case of "language planning" can not be regarded as a clear example of change in language usage that had been implemented as a top-down process. | | | As illustrated, it is also possible that the putative English expression is completely "Made in Japan" and thus only indirectly traceable to its English source. | | | Future will tell if yet another initiative to control language behaviour in a democratic society will led to the result envisaged by its proponents. |
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http://www.inst.at/trans/15Nr/06_1/sellner15.htm
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| | Nanzan Center for Japanese Studies Syllabus - Fall 2004 Course Descriptions |
| | Emphasis is placed on having students review the basic patterns and understand more complex structures that have high-frequency usage. | | | Students are required to write a research paper, which should be related to one of the topics covered and should be chosen in consultation with the instructor. | | | As part of their course assessment, students are required to select two topics from those covered in weeks 4 to 13 and make an oral presentation in class on one and write a report on the other. |
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http://www.ic.nanzan-u.ac.jp/English/cjs/2004-2_syllabus-courses.htm
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| | HERS Output |
| | Basic grammar and the reading of simple historical narrative. | | | Historical examples of Buddhism& response to other traditions will be considered in light of modern theories of inter-religious dialogue. | | | The focus will be problems of interpretation, that is, how these texts represent the possibilities and limits of historical knowledge, the roles and functions of interpreters, and the evolution and disintegration of interpretive structures. |
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http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/Courses2002-2003/EastAsianLanguagesandCivilizations.html
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| | EarningsWhispers.com Earnings Whisper number for KANA |
| | 1/22/2004 4:45:00 PM ET Q3 2003 KANA Software Earnings Conference Call | | | REAL Earnings Whisper numbers do not originate or materialize until the final few days or weeks prior to a company's earnings report. | | | EarningsWhispers.com, Earnings Whisper Numbers, and the Whisper Report are registered trademarks of EarningsWhispers.com. |
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http://www.earningswhispers.com/stocks.asp?symbol=KANA
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| | Kana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Historical kana usage can be used to look up words in larger dictionaries and dictionaries specializing in old vocabulary, which are in print in Japan. | | | These were developed as an alternative and adjunct to ideograph based characters of | | | Historical kana usage actually represents the way these words were pronounced during the Heian era, when the spellings were formalized, but because of the pronunciation differences between modern Japanese and the language of 1,000 years past, there are a great number of peculiarities about historical spelling to the modern eye. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana
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| | Japanese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Historical linguists agree that Japanese is a Japonic language, but do not agree further about the origin of the Japanese language; there are several competing theories (presented roughly in descending order of likelihood): | | | Historically, Japanese has a large number of words that are borrowed from Chinese. | | | Paekche) and Buyeo (a.k.a Puyo) hypothesized to also be related, because of all these cultures' historic ties. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language
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| | Japan A |
| | Kana Classic: An Electronic Guide to Learning Classical Japanese Kana Writing. | | | This new approach to learning how to read handwritten classical and medieval kana materials is suitable for self-study as well as classroom use. | | | Classical handwritten kana writing, widely used in Japan from the tenth through the nineteenth century, is the ancestor of modern hiragana, a complex syllabic writing system that evolved from writing Chinese characters cursively. |
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http://www.atleest.com/en-us/dept_184.html
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| | Collected Works of F.V. Dickins - Introduction |
| | Satow was not convinced: he allowed that DickinsÂ’s system was more economical and more practical ‘for books intended merely to teach colloquialÂ’, but maintained that ‘for persons who study the written language the kana spelling is the most convenientÂ’, and himself spelled Õsaka ‘OhosakaÂ’ to reflect the current kana usage. | | | Nevertheless, it was the phonetic system that eventually became the standard, and it had the effect, as Dickins had argued, of making Japanese more accessible phonetically. | | | In 1879 Satow had proposed that Japanese be represented in roman letters with close adherence to the historical spellings represented by the kana, but Dickins argued for a phonetic representation of Japanese words. |
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http://www.ganesha-publishing.com/dickins_intro.htm
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| | Moti's Livejournal |
| | I guess it's necessary from a historical viewpoint on the subject to tell us what people used to think, but really, if you just keep getting the same problems thrown at you in each part, it loses impact. | | | It's amazing how many theories we get thrown at us that have obvious flaws and just seem outright wrong. | | | Plus side, the lecturer is good, and we do get some fun activities. |
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http://www.livejournal.com/users/capfox/
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| | the constant reader's commonplace book |
| | Philadelphia has a living, breathing memorial to its greatness: the Mummers Parade. | | | But what I think, 'How gay 'twould be | | | " bodice-ripper: a popular modern variety of romance that emphasizes the sexual excitement of seduction and ravishment, usually in colourful settings based on the conventions of the historical novel and peopled by pirates, highwaymen, wenches, etc. A classic example is Kathleen Winsor's best-selling romance, Forever Amber, 1944." |
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http://www.constantreader.org/v2/commonplace.html
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| | Kumon Japanese Materials |
| | Historical usage of Kana/Practice basic curriculum archaic 240 words of the middle antiquity (ca. |
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http://www.kumon-ladue.com/kokugo/ktable.html
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| | JBE: East Asian Buddhist Studies: A Reference Guide (CJK Version) |
| | [Ref. PL 682 I4] Dictionary of the special terms found only in historical documents, which for some reason are not listed in standard dictionaries. | | | It is notable for providing historical Chinese pronuciations based on modern linguistic investigations, premodern Japanese character glosses, special Japanese reading used only in personal names, and modern Japanese translations of the classical Chinese passages cited in the definitions. | | | [Ref. PL 681 P6 V58] Extremely valuable reference to actual word usage in Muromachi Japan. |
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http://www.jbe.gold.ac.uk/bodifrd1.html
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