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| | Operating system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Research and development of new kinds of operating systems is an active subfield of computer science. | | | Mainframe operating systems, such as IBM's z/OS, and embedded operating systems such as QNX, eCos, and PalmOS, are usually unrelated to Unix and Windows, except Windows CE, Windows NT Embedded 4.0 and Windows XP Embedded which are related to Windows and several *BSDs and Linux distributions tailored for the requirements of an embedded system. | | | Most current usage of the term "operating system" today, by both popular and professional sources, refers to all the software that is required in order for the user to manage the system and to run third-party application software for that system. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
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| | Nature and History of Operating Systems for Computers |
| | An operating system is a program that runs on a computer to simplify the use of the computer for the user. | | | In order to carry out these functions the operating system has to require a systematic structure for the inputs and outputs; there is a definite structure to files and there is a systematic way in which the files are stored on the data storage devices. | | | With the concept of operating system widely popularized it was standard practice to develop an operating system for each new line of computers. |
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http://www2.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/opsys.htm
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| | History of Operating Systems |
| | Historically operating systems have been tightly related to the computer architecture, it is good idea to study the history of operating systems from the architecture of the computers on which they run. | | | Two operating systems have dominated the personal computer scene: MS-DOS, written by Microsoft, Inc. for the IBM PC and other machines using the Intel 8088 CPU and its successors, and UNIX, which is dominant on the large personal computers using the Motorola 6899 CPU family. | | | Timesharing systems were developed to multiprogram large number of simultaneous interactive users. |
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http://www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/OpSystems/Myos/osHistory.htm
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| | A History of Operating Systems |
| | Since operating systems have historically been closely tied to the architecture of the computers on which they run, Dr. Tanenbaum looks at successive generations of computers to see what their operating systems were like. | | | In a network operating system, the users are aware of the existence of multiple computers and can log in to remote machines and copy files from one machine to another. | | | A distributed operating system, in contrast, is one that appears to its users as a traditional uniprocessor system, even though it is actually composed of multiple processors. |
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http://www.phptr.com/articles/article.asp?p=24972
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| | Softpanorama OS History Education Project Library |
| | The history of operating systems is closes related to the development of computer technology. | | | on the development of a new computer system specifically organized as a prototype of a computer utility. | | | History of UNIX before Berkeley - evolution of the operating system from 1975-1984. |
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http://www.softpanorama.org/History/os_history.shtml
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| | 6 A brief history of operating systems |
| | The major operating system developed in the 1960s for such computers was the IBM OS/360 for the IBM System/360 series of computers.The OS/360 was a general-purpose operating system enabling both batch-processing and time-sharing, written in assembly language. | | | Operating systems, on the other hand, are part of the invisible world of software. | | | This operating system was the first to be written mainly in a higher level language (rather than in assembly language), and was the first to implement a virtual memory mangement system (a virtual memory makes the pm's RAM appear much larger than it really is). |
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http://users.wmin.ac.uk/~ettingj/se101/Lect06.html
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| | BSTJ version of C.ACM Unix paper |
| | The PDP-11/70 on which the Research Unix system is installed is a 16-bit word (8-bit byte) computer with 768K bytes of core memory; the system kernel occupies 90K bytes about equally divided between code and data tables. | | | Our own installation is used mainly for research in operating systems, languages, computer networks, and other topics in computer science, and also for document preparation. | | | Perhaps the most important achievement of Unix is to demonstrate that a powerful operating system for interactive use need not be expensive either in equipment or in human effort: it can run on hardware costing as little as $40,000, and less than two man-years were spent on the main system software. |
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http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/cacm.html
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| | Iterations: An interdisciplinary journal of software history |
| | Although "real-time" systems were sometimes constructed, such as the airline reservation system SABRE, these involved specially produced hardware, a specially built operating system, and exclusive use of some expensive computers. | | | The system software itself had to be supremely reliable, and coordinate the sharing of memory, disk, and processor resources between hundreds of users while protecting itself from tampering or corruption. | | | Most people read books on the history of computing because they want to understand where the machine on their desktop came from. |
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http://www.cbi.umn.edu/iterations/haigh.html
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| | The Creation of the UNIX* Operating System |
| | UNIX* computer operating system from Bell Labs is still regarded as one of the most powerful, versatile, and flexible operating systems (OS) in the computer world. | | | The system also fostered a distinctive approach to software design -- solving a problem by interconnecting simpler tools, rather than creating large monolithic application programs. | | | Its development and evolution led to a new philosophy of computing, and it has been a never-ending source of both challenges and joy to programmers around the world. |
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http://www.bell-labs.com/history/unix
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| | Open Directory - Computers: Software: Operating Systems: Unix: History |
| | The History of UNIX - Chapter-length article by Ronda Hauben on "how the need to automate telephone support operations in the U.S. in the late 1960s and the early 1970s nourished the birth and development of the UNIX operating system and how academic computer science contributed to and gained from the development of UNIX." | | | History of Unix, Linux, and Open Source - Historical comparison of Unix and the free software movement. | | | The Unix System: History and Timeline - Historical summary and timeline. |
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http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/History
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| | Multics |
| | System design of a computer for time-sharing applications | | | Communications and input-output switching in a multiplexed computing system | | | Multics began as a research project and was an important influence on operating system development. |
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http://www.multicians.org
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| | CS322: Operating Systems History |
| | The operating system on real-time computers is severely constrained by the timing requirements. | | | distributed systems also consist of multiple computers but differ from networked systems in that the multiple computers are transparent to the user. | | | As hardware and software was developed to create monitors, simple and spooling batch systems and finally multiprogrammed systems, the separation between the user and the computer became more and more pronounced. |
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http://www.cs.gordon.edu/courses/cs322/lectures/history.html
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| | Server Operating Systems Technical Comparison |
| | Brief summaries of operating systems are located at: summaries of operating systems. | | | system components: a look at the specific components of a computer system. | | | Variations in the personnel creating, administering, and maintaining the computer system (the human factor) can play a significant factor in both quantifiable and anecdotal results. |
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http://www.osdata.com
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| | Early Unix history and evolution |
| | A file system without a way to exercise it is a sterile proposition, so he proceeded to flesh it out with the other requirements for a working operating system, in particular the notion of processes. | | | Thompson's itch for creation of an operating system took several forms during this period; he also wrote (on Multics) a fairly detailed simulation of the performance of the proposed file system design and of paging behavior of programs. | | | Solution of this problem required creation of a new system table to contain the IO pointers of open files independently of the process in which they were opened. |
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http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html
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| | history of operating system |
| | The first computers were analog and digital computers made with intricate gear systems by the Greeks. | | | The lack of any operating system meant that only one person could use a computer at a time. | | | The high cost of early computers meant that it was essential that the rare computers be used as efficiently as possible. |
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http://www.osdata.com/kind/history.htm
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| | Windows History: Windows Desktop Products History |
| | Described as an operating system that "Works Better, Plays Better," Windows 98 was the first version of Windows designed specifically for consumers. | | | For example, to help consumers troubleshoot their systems, the System Restore feature let users roll back their PC software configuration to a date or time before a problem occurred. | | | In October 1998, Microsoft announced that Windows NT would no longer carry the initials NT and that the next major version of the business operating system would be called Windows 2000. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/windows/winhistorydesktop.mspx
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| | WEB-GEEK.COM Computers > History > Operating Systems |
| | Operating Systems History A Brief History of Computer Operating Systems from the mid 1950s on. | | | OldOs.org -- Your site for computing fun, old and new Since 2001, Old Os has been the #1 source for utilities, history, and everything you need to get your old computer up and running, either in emulation or in real life. | | | Top > Computers > History > Operating Systems |
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http://www.web-geek.com/Computers/History/Operating_Systems
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| | A History of Apple's Operating Systems |
| | This document discusses operating systems that Apple has created in the past, and many that it tried to create. | | | Through this discussion, we will come across several technologies the confluence of which eventually led to Mac OS X. An important goal of the discussion is to better understand the reasons, and if possible, the rationale behind Mac OS X and its important components. | | | My approach in this discussion is to have somewhat high magnitudes of the depth and breadth of historical coverage, as long as I believe the discussion is interesting and relevant from a system design perspective, within reason. |
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http://www.kernelthread.com/mac/oshistory
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| | OSNews.com |
| | VMware, an EMC subsidiary whose software lets multiple operating systems run on the same computer, is expected to announce next week that it will begin giving away one of its key products for free, CNET News.com has learned. | | | The update is also available for other systems and languages. | | | This article goes into the motivation and architecture for DTrace -- and describes some of the problems that remain to be solved in system observability. |
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http://www.osnews.com
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| | Operating Systems Through Time (8-bits) |
| | While some operating systems, like the love-hate Unix, have been around since the early days of digital computing (read 1960's), most have appeared in the late 70's to the present time, varying from powerful multiuser OS's to little OS's that ran on 8 bit computers in under 64K of memory. | | | A port(?) of Atari ST TOS (Tramiel Operating System, how egotistical ;-) existed (TOS was based on Digital Research's GEM, but I don't think the 8-bit version was), and there was also SpartaDOS, a UNIX like system that allowed external storage up to 10MB. | | | If you have more information about these computer systems, or have info on other systems not mentioned, please mail the maintainer. |
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http://www.armory.com/~spectre/tech.html
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| | History of Operating Systems |
| | OS can now implement the human operator's algorithms in deciding sequence of jobs to run. | | | Computers were almost like Turing machines, running one program literally and nothing else. | | | 1 user at a time 1 program at a time Programmer operates machine himself. |
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http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/~humphrys/Notes/OS/history.html
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| | UNIX History |
| | A History of UNIX and UNIX Licences by Peter Salus. | | | The Creation of the UNIX Operating System from Lucent. | | | The Unix Oral History Project from Bell Laboratories. |
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http://www.levenez.com/unix
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| | A History of Apple's Operating Systems |
| | The operating system, originally called the System Software or System, officially became known as the Mac OS as of version 7.6 (although strictly speaking, version 7.5.1, being the first to display the Mac OS logo, is the first version of the Mac OS under that name). | | | From its inception, the Macintosh has introduced or popularized a number of innovations adopted later by other PCs and operating systems. |
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http://louisxiv.hypermart.net/appswitcher.html
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| | MacNN Complete history of Apple's Operating Systems |
| | All they ever wrote was some software for Altair, then bought DOS and became exclusive distrubiters on IBM machines and clones thereafter, the rest is history. | | | sure, it's kind of a cliff's/cole's notes version of events, but it's an inetresting read to see the evolution from one operating system (and its successes/shortcomings) to the next. | | | MS (Bill and Paul) did not EVEN create there own MS DOS, they bought that off someone, bill was already rich from the begining, not like rich now, but rich like the rich kid on your block. |
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http://www.macnn.com/news/23735
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