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| | Punch card - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | One reason punch cards persisted into the early computer age was that an expensive computer was not required to encode information onto the cards. | | | When the time came to transfer punch card information into the computer, the process could occur at very high speed, either by the computer itself or by a separate, smaller computer (e.g. | | | The punched card predates computers considerably, having been originated by Joseph Jacquard in 1801 as a control device for the Jacquard looms. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch_card
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| | [No title] |
| | With only a few exception, the last few businesses that still use punch cards are phasing them out, replacing punch card systems with computers, optical scanners, and magnetic storage media. | | | Campbell-Kelly, "Punched Card Machinery," in Computing before Computers. | | | The same ambiguity can be seen in the ways that images of the punch card were used in advertisements for one of the more peculiar fads of the sixties, computer dating. |
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http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/slubar/fsm.html
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| | Anatomy of a Hollerith Card |
| | Eventually, the online card reader was supplanted by an offline IBM 1401 machine that was only smart enough to transcribe cards to magnetic tape for input and tape to printer for output. | | | In the early 1960's Hollerith cards were the only practical means to input programs for a IBM mainframe, but today these cards are seldom seen. | | | The card above is preprinted with the fields used in preparing Fortran input. |
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http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ibmcard.html
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| | Punch Card Gallery |
| | Interestingly, the 90 column card used a binary character code which was far more efficient and computer-oriented than IBM's Hollerith code. | | | In 1967, Case Institute of Technology shut down the 1107 and spun off its main computing facility as a private "computing utility" (a buzz word of the time bearing the same cachet "Internet Commerce Server" has at this writing) which provided the university computing services as its "base load customer". | | | In the electromechanical tabulator era, long before electronic computers, IBM locked up Herman Hollerith's patents on the punch card. |
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http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/univac/cards.html
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| | Hollerith |
| | Although Hollerith made a very significant contribution to the development of the modern electronic computer with his punched card technology not all his ideas were similar great successes. | | | This appointment was very significant because it was in solving the problems of analysing the large amounts of data generated by the 1880 US census that Hollerith was led to look for ways of manipulating data mechanically. | | | He found that in most respects the function of the Jacquard loom was too far removed from what might be useful to the census work, however he did realise that the punched cards were an efficient way to store information. |
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http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hollerith.html
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| | Douglas W. Jones's punched card index |
| | When cards were used to store fixed-format information for data processing applications, they were almost always printed with format information, so that a casual reader could easily determine what punches on the card held what information. | | | The card here is from one of the oldest computer laboratories in the world, the University of Illinois Digital Computer Labratory, home of the ILLIAC computers and builder of ORDVAC. | | | At a time when, for example, the University of Iowa was punching student names on cards using the Hollerith code, other universities were developing 4-digit numeric encodings of common names so that they could avoid the need for the more expensive alphanumeric equipment. |
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http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/cards/history.html
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| | Douglas W. Jones's punched card index |
| | Punched cards were, in the 1960's the universal symbol of computing, and even in the 1930's, they were a symbol of modernity. | | | The file format used by these programs is available, and I hope that emulators for historical computer architectures will support interchangable punched card I/O using this format and that a suite of emulated punched card data processing machines will be developed. | | | The Hollerith Tabulating Machine web pages from A Chronological History of Computing at Columbia University. |
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http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/cards
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| | Early Office Museum Data Processing Machines |
| | Hollerith Electric Tabulating System, including Tabulating Machine, Card Reader, Pantograph Punching Machine, and Sorting Machine, 1890, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. | | | The first commercial data processing machines were punched card tabulating machine systems. | | | Martin Campbell-Kelly states that "Initially, the commercial use of tabulating machines was on a very small scale--a few machines were supplied for the compilation of insurance and railroad statistics." ("Punched-Card Machinery," in W. Aspray, ed., Computing Before Computers, 1990, pp. |
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http://www.officemuseum.com/data_processing_machines.htm
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| | Herman Hollerith Tabulating Machine |
| | Hollerith's designs dominated the computing landscape for almost 100 years. | | | Herman Hollerith is widely regarded as the father of modern automatic computation. | | | Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and its Technology |
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http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/hollerith.html
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| | Inventor Herman Hollerith |
| | Fascinating facts about Herman Hollerith inventor of an early computer, the punch card machine in 1890. | | | On, January 8, 1889 Dr. Herman Hollerith received a patent for his tabulating machine, one of the forerunners to modern computers. | | | This book covers major players in the development of the computer, from Herman Hollerith, the inventor of punch cards, through the inventors of ENIAC and UNIVAC, as well as Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Marc Andreessen of Netscape. |
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http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/hollerith.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | With his invention Hollerith allowed for the creation of one of the most dominant corporations of the computer age and secured his place in history as the father of information processing. | | | With his victory, not only did Hollerith make it possible to complete the census in a reasonable time frame, but his methods, which were used well into the 1960s, offered a foundation for the future collection of all types of data | | | The Census Bureau's solution was to have a competition to find a new method by which the census could be tabulated. |
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http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/hollerith/
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| | Hollerith's Punched Cards |
| | These notes are abstracted from the book Bebop BYTES Back | | | By the early 1900s, Hollerith's cards supported 45 columns, where each column could be used to represent a single character or data value. | | | Another advantage was that it was easy to replace any cards containing errors. |
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http://www.maxmon.com/punch1.htm
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| | Spindle |
| | A spindle (or colloquially, a spike) was a device used to hold papers waiting for processing. | | | The device used was utilized by placing a document on the spindle, this act being called "spindling" or "spiking." Early Hollerith cards bore the inscription, "do not bend, fold, spindle or mutilate," with spindling in particular being almost sure to lead to the Hollerith card's being misread. | | | Spindling served the twin purposes of accumulating paperwork in a way that would not permit it to be blown about by the summer breeze common prior to the advent of air conditioning, along with the hole made by the spindle being indicative of some sort of processing when the paperwork is viewed subsequently. |
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http://www.worldwidewebfind.com/encyclopedia/en/wikipedia/s/sp/spindle.html
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| | Aperture Card Scanning Services, Hollerith Code Conversion |
| | We started converting micrographics media to electronic formats in 1986, first with microfiche then microfilm. | | | Even before PCs were announced, we had a full complement of microfilm cameras for small and large drawings, a professional film processing laboratory onsite, punched card equipment to enter Hollerith Codes and extensive quality control procedures. | | | We additionally convert microfilm, microfiche and, of course, all types of paper-based materials including engineering drawings. |
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http://www.imagingservices.com/content.pages/Aperture-Card-Scanning.htm
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| | Hollerith card - WordWeb dictionary definition |
| | A card on which data can be recorded in the form of punched holes | | | Nearest: Hollands, holler, hollering, Hollerith, holler out, hollo, holloa, hollow, holloware, hollow-back, hollowed |
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http://www.wordwebonline.com/en/HOLLERITHCARD
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| | holler - WordWeb dictionary definition |
| | Nearest: hollandaise, Hollander, Holland gin, Hollands, hollering, Hollerith, Hollerith card, holler out, hollo, holloa, hollow |
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http://wordwebonline.com/en/HOLLER
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