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Topic: Hypertext fiction

  
 Hypertext - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The development of hypertext fiction, a branch of electronic literature, has coincided with the growth and proliferation of hypertext development software and the emergence of electronic networks.
Nelson coined the word "hypertext" in 1965 and helped Andries van Dam develop the Hypertext Editing System in 1968 at Brown University; Engelbart had begun working on his NLS system in 1962 at Stanford Research Institute, although delays in obtaining funding, personnel and equipment meant that its key features were not completed until 1968.
Guide was the first hypertext system for personal computers, but it was not very successful.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext   (1348 words)

  
 Hypertext fiction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The first hypertext fictions were published prior to the development of the World Wide Web, using software such as Storyspace and Hypercard.
The term is sometimes used interchangeably with Interactive fiction, although IF usually refers to a genre of computer games.
Many more can be found in The Electronic Literature Directory maintained by The Electronic Literature Organization.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_fiction   (182 words)

  
 Hypertextual Dynamics in A Life Set for Two
Hypertext and electronic books are edging text ever further from the structural paradigms of print, but there is still a lot of open road ahead, especially in the direction of new poetry and fiction.
Moulthrop's hypertext fiction Chaos uses the concept of alternative versions of nodes, but the work is unfinished and the idea was never fully implemented [Moulthrop 90].
Because the program is tied to the text at the code level, it could not serve as an authoring system for other works of hypertext, yet its features could be incorporated into a general-purpose hypertext authoring package.
http://www.wordcircuits.com/kendall/essays/ht96.htm   (6392 words)

  
 The Rationale of Hypertext
With hypertext, as with the Net, the separate parts of the ensemble (nodes on the Net, files in a hypertext) are independently structured units.
In these respects the HyperText is always structured according to some initial set of design plans that are keyed to the specific materials in the HyperText, and the imagined needs of the users of those materials.
The electronic OED does not use hypertext but it is certainly a HyperEditing project.
http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/public/jjm2f/rationale.html   (8510 words)

  
 Hypertext Courses
The dawn of the computer age has seen the emergence of a new genre of literature, hypertext - non-linear fiction and poetry created specifically to be read on a computer.
Students also have the option to work in web media, hypertext or multimedia programs and we will have a range of Eastgate hypertext fiction and poetry works available to them at the Center for Literary Computing.
In this class, students will explore several examples of hypertext literature, make a semi-formal presentation of a published hypertext they have read, write and present a formal paper on an important issue in the field, and contribute to the development of a World Wide Web site for the class.
http://www.hypertextkitchen.com/Courses.html   (3323 words)

  
 Introduction to Research Project on Hypertext Fiction
There might, however, be discrete features shared by hypertext fictions that are afforded by their technology.
On the first day of his "Hypertext Rhetorics and Poetics" course at Vassar College, Michael Joyce tells the 22 undergraduates seated at computers that they will be doing "a new kind of reading."
A theory, based specifically on the salient features of hypertext and how such features shape its reading, becomes essential.
http://www.uwm.edu/~vkuhn/maintro.html   (544 words)

  
 HYPERTEXT POETRY AND FICTION
Hypertext poetry and hypertext fiction are new genres of literature that use the computer screen as medium, rather than the printed page.
Hypertext has been a predictable mate for postmodern theorists, who believe in uncertainty and that texts are open to endless, shifting readings.
For more information and more examples of hypertext poetry:
http://course1.winona.edu/geddy/Eng353/hypertext_poetry_and_fiction.htm   (562 words)

  
 The Chronicle: Information Technology: October 2, 1998
Most of the works on the syllabus can be found only on computer disk or on the World-Wide Web, for one thing.
The publishing company also placed excerpts from both works on a password-protected section of its Web site, so students can experience the texts on the computer, as they were intended to be read.
Joyce saw that the computer could be used to present written stories in ways that had never before been possible.
http://chronicle.com/free/v45/i06/06a02601.htm   (1827 words)

  
 [alt.hypertext] Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ list)
Hypertext is used in many computer-based technologies and so you can find hypertext in many fields of inquiry.
The author completed a Ph.D. (about hypertext) in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Western Ontario in 1999, and has been studying hypertext since 1991.
The Electronic Literature Organization might have a list of hypertext tools and systems available at their website .
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/hypertext-faq   (4020 words)

  
 Twilight - Hypertext Fiction Review
Hypertext aficionados prefer writing in the "environment" of these software programs rather than in the traditional paper and ink for many different reasons.
The concept of "hypertext fiction" is sometimes difficult for people -- especially those unfamiliar with computers and/or the World Wide Web -- to conceive.
While writers such as T.S. Eliot ("The Waste Land") and Vladimir Nabokov ("Pale Fire") wrote in a nonlinear style without the aid of technology, most hypertextual writing today is created and read onscreen with computer software such as StorySpace (created by Joyce, Jay Bolter, and John Smith) or via HTML code and Web browsers.
http://www.poprocks.com/journ/twilight.htm   (742 words)

  
 The World of Hypertext Fiction
A hypertext essay on hypertext fiction by Kurt Revis
http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~benedett/hyper.html   (9 words)

  
 Open Directory - Arts: Literature: Reviews and Criticism: Theory: Hypertext
Digital Literature: From Text to Hypertext and Beyond - Raine Koskimaa's PhD thesis, which develops critical approaches to reading hypertext through close readings of several hypertext fictions.
Indra's Net or Hologography - Introduction to some of the work in 'machine modulated poetry' which John Cayley has been developing since the late 1970s.
ht_lit Mailing List - Instructions on how to join ht_lit, a low-traffic but valuable list a lot of hypertext theorists are members of.
http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/Literature/Reviews_and_Criticism/Theory/Hypertext   (471 words)

  
 Hypertext Fiction Responses
Hypertext format because you need to have several different storylines in mind before you start writing.
It would definitely be more difficult to write a story in hypertext format because you have to keep in mind all of the possibilities.
I think it might work well with detective fiction.
http://www.uwosh.edu/departments/english/38-385/fictresp.html   (650 words)

  
 ebrINFO: contributors
is a computer scientist and has done research on hypertext since 1987.
MATTHEW G. is a doctoral candidate in the Department of English at the University of Virginia, where he is at work on an electronic hypertext dissertation entitled Lines for a Virtual T/y/o/pography.
She also contributed a retroREVIEW of Jay David Bolter's Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing.
http://www.altx.com/ebr/info/contribs/contribs.htm   (8677 words)

  
 Special K: Hypertext Fiction- Better than Interactive Fiction?
Interactive fiction is of course difficult because it requires so much in-depth programming and forethought on the part of the author.
Sometimes, working hard on something worthwhile makes the project better than if it were easy to do.
As for my belief that nothing is ever easy, consider the following example...
http://blogs.setonhill.edu/VanessaKolberg/005142.html   (915 words)

  
 Hyper-What?: Some Views on Reader Discomfiture with Hypertext Fiction by Lawrence J. Clark
I was first alerted to the problem of navigation for the user when I wrote a review of Bolter's Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing in 1992; the text came with a companion disk for Macintosh (written in Storyspace).
Adding navigational tools, then, seems to be one way to help the novice hypertext reader have a more enjoyable experience.
Jay Bolter, in his 1993 keynote address to the 9th Conference on Computers and Writing, proposed a simple answer.
http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/4.1/coverweb/clark   (1300 words)

  
 English 8710: Hypertext Fiction & Theory
We will discuss the theoretical and cultural antecedents of hypertext; the nostalgia and yearning for the presence promised by The Book; the tropes and figures of electronic culture; the epistemological and stylistic shifts of hypertextual narrative; and the problem of literary value in the Information Age.
What are the relations between, on the one hand, the formal and generic properties of hypertext fiction and, on the other, the technical features of the medium and its organizational units: the node, the byte, the packet?
Reconfiguring Hypertext as a Machine: Capitalism, Periodic Tables and a Mad Optometrist"
http://www.english.ucsb.edu/faculty/rraley/courses/hypertext-W99.html   (1708 words)

  
 Theory and Technique
Works I list here are not specifically about hypertext fiction, but essays and books about such topics as literature and technology, new media, and other nearby fields of interest.
The analogy fails because hypertext is not a new feature of print prose, but rather an entirely new medium.
He then goes on to give a concise summary of current trends in hypertext writing and provides a couple of very useful lists: publishers of hypertexts and other online and multimedia literature; and current and upcoming classes on hypertext literature.
http://www.duke.edu/~mshumate/theory.html   (1604 words)

  
 Socrates In The Labyrinth
Socrates in the Labyrinth embodies several hypertext structures showing possibilities for writing and thought in the new medium.
Socrates in the Labyrinth was created using Storyspace.
"The most exciting piece of non-fiction hypertext that IÁve read....David Kolb shows here his mastery of the philosopherÁs main task: asking questions.
http://www.eastgate.com/catalog/Socrates.html   (303 words)

  
 OBSOLETE: The search for some hypertext fiction
The preferred format is the WinHelp version, because it preserves the hypertext structure of the work.
The Oz Project at CMU, which is working on interactive drama based on autonomous agent characters.
(A "network fiction piece" created with both WWW and the Pad zoomable interface in mind.)
http://prentissriddle.com/hyperfiction.old.html   (1618 words)

  
 The Electronic Labyrinth Home Page
The Electronic Labyrinth is a study of the implications of hypertext for creative writers looking to move beyond traditional notions of linearity.
This context provides a means of re-evaluating the concept of the book in the age of electronic text.
Since this document was originally designed to be self-contained, it contains few links to external documents.
http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/elab/elab.html   (526 words)

  
 VictoriaMara: Hypertext Fiction
A page that might also help with hypertext is the presintation that was given for class about Hypertext.
On Dictionary.com it defines fiction as an imaginative creation or a prtense that does not represent actuallity but has been invented.
We have all been using hypertext and playing games, and we are almost to the point of understanding.
http://blogs.setonhill.edu/VictoriaMara/004880.html   (211 words)

  
 CMC Magazine: Tracing the Growth of a New Literature
Aside from the immediate problem of defining the words "good," "hypertext," and "fiction" singly or combined, the problem of genres and people's reading tastes makes the question completely unanswerable in the space of this short article.
In another context, discussing Web design in general, Jay Bolter has noted that "amateur and even unattractive design should be allowed to flourish on the net." His reasoning is that amateurs may, after all, be willing to try riskier, more daring things than professionals.
Like many hypertext fictions, its successes are more often local than general.
http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/dec/shufict.html   (1111 words)

  
 The Iowa Review Web: Contributors
A friend suggested computers, and Deena has been writing works solely for computers ever since.
She edits the electronic magazine Cauldron and Net.
Her most recent hypertext, What Fits, will be published by Eastgate Systems in fall 2001.
http://www.uiowa.edu/~iareview/mainpages/contribs.html   (944 words)

  
 Hammer highlights collaborative effort of electronic literature
Along with hypertext, Geniwate, who is from Australia, will introduce the other facet of electronic literature: animation.
With the computer as their book, readers read the text and choose where to go in the story by clicking on one of the hyperlinked words.
With the opportunities of new media and electronic literature, fiction is no longer a relationship between the author and the reader.
http://www.dailybruin.ucla.edu/news/articles.asp?id=27711   (590 words)

  
 Eastgate Systems, Inc
new hypertext technologies and publish serious hypertext, fiction and
Whether your idea of an ideal writing environment is a snug cabin in the woods or your note-strewn desk, whether you write on a new laptop or a trusty old desktop, Storyspace will help keep your ideas linked together.
The latest hypertext news, delivered direct to your mailbox.
http://www.eastgate.com   (575 words)

  
 K A I R O S: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy
Each issue presents varied perspectives on special topics such as "Critical Issues in Computers and Writing," "Technology and the Face of Language Arts in the K-12 Classroom," and "Hypertext Fiction/Hypertext Poetry."
http://english.ttu.edu/kairos   (341 words)

  
 E-Texts, E-zines, E-books, E-newspapers
If you like science fiction (esp. cyberpunk) and mysteries,.you'll love Spike Webb, Net Detective!
Just wait a few a years and I'll have that jewelry-sized computer, too!
Hypertext fiction and tree fiction on the Web is an interesting article, with many useful links.
http://www.efn.org/~djz/library.html   (904 words)

  
 Electronic Literature Organization
ELO Vice President Nick Montfort has just released a large-scale interactive fiction, his first original work of interactive fiction in more than five years and the first since he wrote the book Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction (MIT Press, 2003).
Book and Volume simulates a curious near-future city, one that is headquarters to the media division of a large computer company.
horizon zero was a multimedia and bilingual “virtual space dedicated to creativity and critical ideas in the new media canon.” Its 18 issues include web-based interactives, essays and journalistic writings, fiction and poetry, video, animation, games, and other digital artworks.
http://www.eliterature.org   (1212 words)

  
 Experimental Fiction
The Electronic Labyrinth A book-length study of hypertext fiction and software.
Several MOOs have developed out of this site: for more information click
Brown University Hypertext Project Index of hypertext projects at Brown University, including student work from Robert Coover's hypertext fiction and George P. Landow's hypertext theory courses.
http://www.freeranger.com/chris/MM2.htm   (810 words)

  
 Hypertext fiction - definition of Hypertext fiction in Encyclopedia
Sometimes used interchangeably with Interactive fiction, although IF usually refers to a computer game genre.
In some renditions, all text is a link -- individual words or sentences link to different pages in the sequence.
Hypertext fiction is a genre found mostly online, where a reader steps through the text of the 'story' in a non-predetermined order.
http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Hypertext_fiction   (127 words)

  
 hypertext
Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing (1991)
Hoffman Rapid Navigation in Online Documents Design of documents and viewers to support structured hypertext and easy skimming
Hypertext: The Convergence of Contemporary Literary Theory and Technology (Table of Contents and exerpts)
http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/hypertext.html   (206 words)

  
 January 6, 1998: Some Thoughts on Writing Hypertext Fiction
In a hypertext novel such as The Unknown, where there are almost always multiple links on a given pages, in addition to multiple other means of navigation, it is almost certain that no two readers will read the same actual text on any given session of reading, much less interpret it the same way.
Serial fiction has its place on the Web, but that has more to do with the way that people read on the Web than it has to do with hypertext literature.
The difference between regular fiction and hypertext fiction, however, is that in a hypertext the reader both interprets the data that they’re given, and has a greater degree of choice in the way that they navigate it.
http://www.unknownhypertext.com/owlhypertext.htm   (1315 words)

  
 [No title]
Magazine Cyberculture A list of numerous on-line 'zines dealing with cyber-pomo.
RESOURCES FOR BUILDING YOUR OWN WEB PAGES Students can use this site to get information on how to put projects onto the World-Wide Web
Hypertext in Hypertext On-line version of George Landow's influential book on hypertext writing.
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~amerstu/573/resource.html   (759 words)

  
 Literary Resources -- Hypertext (Lynch)
"An Electronic Essay on Artifice and Information." Kirschenbaum's dissertation, a hypertext exploration of hypertext.
One of the most important theorists of hypertext.
"A study of hypertext technology, providing a guide to this rapidly growing field.
http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Lit/hyper.html   (347 words)

  
 HyperText
May 29, 1997, THE Original Presentation for the NYC Association of Assistant Principals of English (NYCAAPSE) in association with Polytechnic University.
the Way to Use Hypertext Three Professor's Perpsectives
Hypertext Fiction and Tree Fiction on the Web by Gareth Rees
http://www.tnellen.com/ted/hypertext.html   (414 words)

  
 Word Circuits
Free downloadable software for adding advanced features to a hypertext.
This is a place for poetry and fiction born to pixels rather than the page--writing that's digital down to its bones.
Extensive guide to hypertext/cybertext literature on the Web and on disk
http://directory.wordcircuits.com   (68 words)

  
 K A I R O S: 4.1
J.J. Runnion describes the design, assignments, and results of a course called "HyperRhetoroids: The Rhetoric of Hypertext." In the course, students read hypertext fiction and poetry, analyzed a variety of "texts," and created web-sites to show the results of their efforts.
Sadie Cornell presents an Honors Mentorship Project which examines literary hypertexts for their possible uses in English composition and literature classes (with Mentor Donna Reiss);
Lawrence J. Clark examines reader discomfiture with hypertext fiction and argues that readers can indeed find some sort of aesthetic pleasure in reading such works.;
http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/4.1/coverweb.html   (213 words)

  
 Books - Literature - refdesk.com Electronic Texts on the Internet
Available in a variety of versions, including scanned pages in image format, hypertext HTML books, and as Adobe Acrobat PDF files.
IPL Online Texts Collection - over 20,000 titles that can be browsed by author, by title, or by Dewey Subject Classification.
Alive and Free - A page of links to recent works (free) on-line from living authors: Books, Book Excerpts, Long Fiction/Non-Fiction.
http://www.refdesk.com/factelec.html   (722 words)

  
 WebShed.Com Center of Web (Games)
Includes several literary databases of poetry, plays and fiction as well as general reference works and links to other Internet sites.
Also included are features such as the Writer-in-Residence and LionHeart, a set of 1000 English-language love poems.
Subject/Author index divided into fiction, non-fiction, and reference; features a Hymn and Choral archive
http://www.centerofweb.com/_add/ebooks.htm   (857 words)

  
 Open Directory - Arts: Online Writing: Fiction
Bad Grammar - Fiction by a variety of authors.
Below the Fold - Subterranean journey through words, understanding, and imagination into the dark, mythic, perilous, and wondrous realm of human possibility.
UK Fiction - A library of contemporary UK fiction, by various authors, freely available to download.
http://dmoz.org/Arts/Online_Writing/Fiction   (452 words)

  
 Some useful sites on the Web
HyperText Markup Language, a code used to structure documents on the World Wide Web
HTML Style, Design, Philosophy and Aesthetics (University of Iowa Libraries)
HyperText Markup Language (HTML): Working and Background Materials (from CERN)
http://mh.cla.umn.edu/websites.html   (3364 words)

  
 Online hypertext fiction
On the Birthday of the Stranger, hyperfiction, inaugural work for the online version of the Evergreen Review, 1999.
"Lasting Image," Collaborative hypertext fiction (with Carolyn Guyer), Eastgate Systems, 1999.
Reach, a fiction, The Iowa Review Online, Spring 2000.
http://www.sunypress.edu/joyce/hypertext.html   (132 words)

  
 samplers2
Larsen has successfully shown that hypertext is not about disorganizing but about reorganizing text in patterns that are not linear but do certainly make sense.
I think it is not so much a work about choosing as about understanding structures, teaching to see the deep relationship between a story and the way it is told.
Deena Larsen shows a mastery of very different styles through the nine short fictions and a remarkable ability to build characters and atmospheres, but the best of Samplers is the deep understanding of how to structure fiction, an understanding that she has chosen to make visible through the map views.
http://www.ucm.es/info/especulo/hipertul/samplers2.html   (1039 words)

  
 Hyperizons: Hypertext Fiction
For those of you unfamiliar with it, hypertext fiction (aka hyperfiction, interactive fiction, nonlinear fiction) is a new art form that while not necessarily made possible by the computer was certainly made feasible by it.
Readers seeking more extensive definitions of hypertext fiction are invited to browse through the Theory and Criticism section or, better yet, simply start reading a few works--artists always outstrip their would-be definers.
Some of this is summarized in "Clippings, Notices, Etc. " I also discuss the site's development and history in more detail in a recent article about some of the highlights of hypertext fiction on the Web in 1996, "Tracing the Growth of a New Literature", CMC Magazine, December, 1996.
http://www.duke.edu/~mshumate/hyperfic.html   (631 words)

  
 CMC Magazine: Tracing the Growth of a New Literature
With that work, Joyce moved hypertext fiction beyond the realm of games and programs into that of literature.
In the last few years, hypertext fiction has been undergoing a sort of second childhood on the World Wide Web.
It has grown from a handful of links to a large site with more than 200 citations to fiction, criticism, similar sites, and print relatives of hypertext.
http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/dec/shumate.html   (236 words)

  
 Michael Joyce
Further information about his publications is available from the Electronic Literature Organization directory as well as from his other publishers, Eastgate Systems, nightkitchen, Supertart.com, http://www.nyupress.org/sisterstories">New York University Press, the State University of New York Press, and the University of Michigan Press.
A list of on-line fictions and URLs is here and his vita is available here.
His collection of fiction and short essays, Moral Tales and Meditations, 2001, is available from http://www.moral-tales.com.
http://iberia.vassar.edu/~mijoyce   (161 words)

  
 Hypertext Literature: An Overview
Fiction and Poetry published by Eastgate Systems Robert Coover,George Landow, Massimo Riva, and students in their courses between 1992 and the present.
Mark Zachry, Purpose and Play in Hypertext: A Web Essay
Samantha Gorman, Deconstruction of a 5x5 Knot: Meditations on The Book of Kells
http://www.cyberartsweb.org/cpace/cpace/ht/htlitov.html   (278 words)

  
 History of Hypertext (Alertbox Sidebar)
From the book Multimedia and Hypertext: The Internet and Beyond
My report from a 1994 study of Web usability, including screen shots of several of the early sites and findings about their usability (remarkably, most of these early findings are still applicable to modern site usability)
List of recommended books about hypertext and its history (many richly illustrated with screenshots)
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/history.html   (213 words)

  
 UCSB Department of English
Response to Stephanie Strickland, First Person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game, eds.
"Reveal Codes: Hypertext and Performance,” Postmodern Culture 12:1 (September 2001) [text-only version]
Review of N. Katherine Hayles, Writing Machines, Modern Fiction Studies 50:2 (Summer 2004)
http://www.english.ucsb.edu/people-detail.asp?PersonID=138   (443 words)

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