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| | Expansion of the Internet Backbone in Ghana |
 | | The backbone for this circuit lands directly in Mae East where the core routers of the Internet are situated and with onward connection to UUNET. | | | An exponential growth of the Internet is expected in Ghana and Network Computer Systems (NCS), an information technology company providing a variety of services in the country, believes that it has created the environment to make such growth possible. | | | The Internet is an advanced technology with all the accompanying promises and threats to change society. |
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http://www.isoc.org/inet97/proceedings/E5/E5_2.HTM
(1810 words)
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| | A Basic Guide to the Internet |
| | The Internet is a computer network made up of thousands of networks worldwide. | | | Anonymous FTP is an option that allows users to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the Internet to their personal computer account. | | | If your computer is directly connected to the Internet via an Ethernet cable, you can use one of several PC software programs, such as WS_FTP for Windows, to conduct a file transfer. |
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http://library.albany.edu/internet/internet.html
(1886 words)
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| | Internet Society (ISOC) All About The Internet: History of the Internet |
| | Although the initial community of users of the Internet were drawn from the ranks of computer science and engineering, its users now comprise a wide range of disciplines in the sciences, arts, letters, business, military and government administration. | | | A great deal of support for the Internet community has come from the U.S. Federal Government, since the Internet was originally part of a federally-funded research program and, subsequently, has become a major part of the U.S. research infrastructure. | | | The recording of identifiers is provided by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) who has delegated one part of this responsibility to an Internet Registry which acts as a central repository for Internet information and which provides central allocation of network and autonomous system identifiers, in some cases to subsidiary registries located in various countries. |
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http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/cerf.shtml
(1371 words)
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| | Internet Architecture and Backbone (Linktionary term) |
| | The Internet is sometimes called a backbone network, but this is misleading since the Internet is actually many backbones that are interconnected to form a mesh. | | | NSPs use information in the registry to configure their backbone routers. | | | By interconnecting different backbones, the Internet became a mesh network rather than a single backbone network. |
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http://www.linktionary.com/i/internet_arch.html
(2328 words)
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| | FCC Releases Study of Internet Backbone Market: Study Concludes that Competitive Internet Backbone Market Should Remain ... |
| | Since its commercialization in 1995, the Internet has served as an example of a network industry in which interconnection agreements are reached through commercial negotiations in a "handshake," rather than a regulated, environment. | | | In an example of the Commission's "unregulation" of the Internet, interconnection between backbone providers is not regulated; instead, backbones decide whether, how, and where to interconnect in commercial negotiations among themselves. | | | in its OPP Working Paper Series, entitled "The Digital Handshake: Connecting Internet Backbones. |
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http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/OPP/News_Releases/2000/nrop0002.html
(865 words)
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| | Internet Service Providers Directory |
| | When we refer to a "national Internet backbone provider," we are describing a company that has physically located a high-speed TCP/IP router in a number of cities, and then leased high-speed data lines from long distance exchange carriers to link the routers - thus forming a national "backbone" connecting those cities. | | | All backbone maps are logical and symbolic simplifications of often extremely complex connections. | | | The Internet is a complicated matrix of connections in a constant state of upgrade with 2300 vendors making changes on a daily basis. |
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http://www.ece.arizona.edu/~medenis/hw1/inetarch.htm
(8010 words)
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| | Wired News: Does the Internet Backbone Index Have a Spine? |
| | North America's fastest Internet backbone belongs to CompuServe, and the overall performance of the Net's fattest pipes improved dramatically over the holiday slowdown, according to the latest version of a controversial backbone survey that is expected to be released today. | | | "The Keynote studies are artificial benchmarks which have nothing to do with Internet performance as observed in the wild," said Michael Dillon of Memra Software, an Internet networking consultancy. | | | But some network engineers sharply criticized the index, stating that it was based on inappropriate metrics and that it doesn't take into account factors such as hardware and software installed at either end of the pipes. |
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http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,10984,00.html
(1123 words)
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| | Cosmos: Internet History |
| | One of the major impacts of the ARPANET research, and the one that led to today's "Internet", was the development of the TCP/IP (Transaction Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) network protocol, the language that computers connected to the network use to talk to one another. | | | The number of Hosts on the Internet is 376,000 in January, 617,000 in October, 1991. | | | By the end of 1983, all the interconnected research networks of the ARPANET were converted to the TCP/IP protocol, and the "Internet", as we know now was officially born. |
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http://www.cosmoslink.net/cosmos/tutorial_1.html
(639 words)
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| | Internet Backbones |
| | AS Numbers (Autonomous System Numbers) are assigned by ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) to each major ISP or hosting center in North America. | | | You can see a sample of the traceroute results to see how servers hosted at Cybercon data center reach each major Internet backbone. | | | Public network tools, such as looking glasses or traceroute from a BGP enabled router, allow you to check a hosting center's direct Internet backbone connections. |
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http://www.cybercon.com/backbone.html
(812 words)
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| | New Scientist Breaking News - Router bug threatens 'internet backbone' |
| | A critical software bug affecting many key internet routers could be used to derail net traffic, computer experts have warned. | | | The software flaw affects the most common internet routers, those running the Cisco IOS operating system. | | | Richard Clayton, a computer security expert at Cambridge University agrees that the bug poses a significant threat but says major ISPs are usually quick to update their systems. |
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http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3955
(447 words)
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| | The Internet: How it works |
| | It is the main highest-traffic network that interconnects the routers of the second level. | | | As we'll see in a moment, the actual Internet is much more complex, but let's take it one step at a time. | | | We are now going to mess up our elegant "conceptual" diagram by adding "peering links" between Internet routers at the same level. |
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http://grc.com/dos/TheInternet.htm
(766 words)
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| | SSRN-Fool Us Once Shame On You - Fool Us Twice Shame On Us: What We Can Learn From the Privatizations of the Internet ... |
| | In analyzing the privatizations of the Internet, our analysis is steeped in the theoretical construct of "Code." Throughout this work, we explained how Code could regulate behavior, for example, by affecting competition between backbone providers. | | | Not only have these problems led to a lack of competition in the backbone industry, but also the same types of problems are reoccurring in the ongoing privatization of Domain Name System (DNS). | | | In response, we have developed a series of proposals to address existing problems and to prevent these problems from reoccurring in future privatizations. |
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http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=260834
(928 words)
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| | PCWorld.com - Internet Backbone Withstands Attack |
| | Root servers are used by the Internet's DNS, which takes the common domain names that people use and converts them into the numerical IP addresses used by computers. | | | Four or five of the Internet's 13 root servers apparently kept working during the attack and so Internet traffic kept moving. | | | Other root server operators include NASA Ames Research Center, the U.S. Army Research Lab, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN, which manages domain name assignments), and the Internet Software Consortium. |
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http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,106239,00.asp
(553 words)
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| | The Impact of Emerging Technologies: U.S. Decision To Retain Oversight Of Internet's Backbone Criticized - Technology ... |
| | FRANKFURT, Germany (AP) -- A decision by the U.S. to retain oversight of the computers that control Internet traffic drew harsh criticism about the lack of independence it could mean for the free-flowing, anything-goes communication network. | | | The United States announced the move Thursday, publishing a four-paragraph statement online, saying that it would retain -- indefinitely -- oversight of the computers that control traffic on the Internet, instead of gradually releasing control to an international body, as some countries have favored. | | | Instead, it controls the administration of 13 computers -- known as "root servers." |
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http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/05/07/ap/ap_2070105.asp
(514 words)
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| | Cybertelecom :: Backbone |
| | The Digital Handshake: Connecting Internet Backbones by Michael Kende, Director of Internet Policy Analysis; September 2000. | | | The ILECs argue that the restraint on entering long distance service should apply to voice service only, and not long distance data, and if they were allowed to enter long distance data, they would solve the Internet backbone problem. | | | WorldCom's wholly owned subsidiary, UUNET, is by far the largest Tier 1 IBP by any relevant measure and is already approaching a dominant position in the Internet backbone market. |
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http://www.cybertelecom.org/broadband/Backbone.htm
(2610 words)
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| | Internet Backbone |
| | The Internet backbone was the central network that linked all the parts of the Internet together | | | An atlas of maps and graphic representations of the geographies of the new electronic territories of the Internet, WWW and other emerging Cyberspaces. | | | Also check out the know about the Internet." Includes links to backbone maps, global int |
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http://www.number1-freeware.com/internet_backbone.asp
(243 words)
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| | What is backbone? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary |
| | Users can also find extensive troubleshooting information, tips on getting applications to work through firewalls, product reviews on network hardware and software, and more. | | | Contains resources that "every ISP employee should know about the Internet." Includes links to backbone maps, global interconnection points, Internet architecture data, etc. | | | KnowledgeStorm: T1 / DS1 Broadband IT Solutions - Business technology search site offering software, service, reseller and hardware information on thousands of IT solutions. |
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http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/b/backbone.html
(403 words)
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| | Hobbes' Internet Timeline - the definitive ARPAnet & Internet history |
| | Archive-name: Hobbes' Internet Timeline Version: 8.1 Archive-location: http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ Last-updated: 28 August 2005 Maintainer: Robert H'obbes' Zakon, timeline@Zakon.org, www.Zakon.org Description: An Internet timeline highlighting some of the key events and technologies that helped shape the Internet as we know it today. | | | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) comes into existence under the IAB. | | | The WWW browser war, fought primarily between Netscape and Microsoft, has rushed in a new age in software development, whereby new releases are made quarterly with the help of Internet users eager to test upcoming (beta) versions. |
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http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline
(8031 words)
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| | Internet backbone - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Internet backbone : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info] | | | Internet backbone : Dictionary of Computing and Digital Media [home, info] | | | We found 7 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word Internet backbone: |
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http://onelook.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=Internet+backbone
(116 words)
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| | Backbone Internet Web Site Hosting |
| | As the Internet transforms the way people use computers, Microsoft Corp. founder Bill Gates has a message for the world's biggest software maker: adapt or die. | | | Read about backbone internet web site hosting in the free online encyclopedia and dictionary. | | | Find backbone internet web site hosting at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer! |
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http://www.webhostingplaces.com/Backbone-Internet-Web-Site-Hosting.php
(707 words)
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| | Omniseek: /Internet /Organizations /Internet Backbone / |
| | The Internet's origin lies in ARAPNET, a network founded in 1969 by the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). | | | Search - Computers andgt; Internet andgt; Organizations andgt; Internet Backbone | | | Lycos Directory: Computers * Internet * Organizations * Internet Backbone |
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http://www.omniseek.com/srch/{21490}
(460 words)
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| | Russ Haynal's ISP Page |
| | RFC's (Documents the Internet's Standards) - Also see the RFC Editor. | | | The Geography of Cyberspace (links to many graphical visualizations of the 'net.) | | | National Coordination Office for Computing, Information, and Communications (HPCC) |
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http://navigators.com/isp.html
(331 words)
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| | Mapnet |
| | Commercial Internet service providers grow increasingly hesitant to voluntarily publish topology or peering information about their networks, and those that do so use no standard format, leading to the problem that any existing maps are fairly incomparable with each other. | | | Visualization of the Internet beyond the purview of a single provider has become challenging task that has received little attention from the research community. | | | Go see more information about Mapnet and Macroscopic Internet visualization and measurement. |
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http://www.caida.org/tools/visualization/mapnet/Backbones
(326 words)
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| | Welcome To Hyperia - Your Reliable Internet BackBone! |
| | This configuration can support maximum uplink up to 128kbps. | | | This configuration can support maximum uplink up to 388Kbps. | | | Welcome To Hyperia - Your Reliable Internet BackBone! |
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http://www.hyperia.com/cband.htm
(250 words)
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| | MCI remains Internet's largest backbone |
| | Mauldin says that between September of 2002 and June of 2003, the number of autonomous systems operated by MCI grew 11%. | | | MCI has ranked first in autonomous system connectivity since TeleGeography began its annual study in 2001. | | | TeleGeography ranked international ISPs by the number of autonomous systems they operate. |
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http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/isp/2003/0901isp2.html
(884 words)
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| | NocNews.net - Internet Backbone News and Information |
| | In theory, this kind of blackout is precisely the kind of problem the Internet was designed to withstand. | | | That means that when a Cogent customer wants to visit a Web site hosted by Level 3, the data can take a short, fast path, instead of winding its way around the broader Internet. | | | Cogent is offering any Level 3 user who can't get to Cogent sites free Internet service for a year, in an attempt to attract its rival's customers. |
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http://nocnews.net/index.php?id=2
(575 words)
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| | Re: the Internet Backbone |
| | I rather prefer to think of Internet topology as of "tiers". | | | May be we should classify ISPs by miles*bandwidth of their internode circuits? | | | >Terminologically speaking, there's no discrete set of wires or routers or >companies you can point to and say, "there, that right there, that is the >Internet Backbone." Well, you can do that in practice, and be pretty certain. |
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http://www.cctec.com/maillists/nanog/historical/9604/msg00159.html
(369 words)
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| | Juniper Networks: Core |
| | This paper explains the various options available with Juniper Networks JUNOS Internet software for including LSPs in the route resolution process. | | | Juniper Networks core router solutions form high capacity multiservice IP/MPLS backbones for converged provider networks around the world. | | | Our T-series platforms feature the modular JUNOS operating system for highly available nonstop forwarding and routing along with advanced multiservice traffic handling and operations functions. |
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http://www.juniper.net/solutions/sp/core.html
(1302 words)
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| | Attention, Backbone Shoppers - How to pick a winning Internet backbone provider |
| | All too often, too much attention is paid to the network infrastructure of routers, switches and network connections, without any attention spent on the provider's other basics. | | | Of course, savvy ISPs need more than one backbone provider to guarantee network availability. | | | Paying the Bill Cost, as always, is a big issue. |
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http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1244100,00.asp
(1864 words)
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| | Valley Internet - Internet Backbone Status |
| | This page is intended to give an impression of how the Internet is performing between Valley Internet and several Internet Backbone providers. | | | Alerts do not necessarily reflect trouble at VallNet or the target network. |
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http://www.vallnet.com/angelbackbone
(113 words)
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| | Internet Backbone - Aceweb Internet |
| | The company’s web sites have grown rapidly since their inception and continue to increase in popularity throughout the computer and Internet communities. | | | Founded in 1992, Los Angeles based Aceweb Internet owns and operates a variety of software distribution web sites for all of the major operating systems and PDAs. | | | The network traffic has been growing in excess of 15 % per month, and nearly 40% of the unique users are downloading software from the site. |
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http://www.aceweb.net/internet_backbone.html
(274 words)
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| | NHBweb - Internet Backbone |
| | All of these individual backbones at one point or another interconnect with each other at Network Access Points (NAPs) via Internet Routers. | | | As the Internet becomes congested, data normally routed on one backbone could be transfered/shared by another backbone and if one backbone becomes inoperable, all the data could be rerouted to another backbone thus keeping the Internet alive. | | | Each of the major Internet Communications carriers of which there are well over 50, own their own Internet Backbone. |
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http://www.nhbweb.com/nhbweb-backbone.html
(394 words)
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| | NTIA: National Telecommunications and Information Administration |
| | While the United States recognizes that the current Internet system is working, we encourage an ongoing dialogue with all stakeholders around the world in the various fora as a way to facilitate discussion and to advance our shared interest in the ongoing robustness and dynamism of the Internet. | | | Dialogue related to Internet governance should continue in relevant multiple fora. Given the breadth of topics potentially encompassed under the rubric of Internet governance there is no one venue to appropriately address the subject in its entirety. | | | U.S. Principles on the Internet’s Domain Name and Addressing System |
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http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/domainname/USDNSprinciples_06302005.htm
(158 words)
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| | the internet multicast backbone |
| | How the MBone relates to other components of the Internet. | | | The MBone is an experimental framework for developing and refining multicast protocols and applications on the Internet. | | | pages give a brief overview of the Internet Multicast Backbone (also known as the MBone), its applications, and how to connect to it. |
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http://www.serpentine.com/~bos/tech/mbone
(342 words)
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| | LoCI |
| | The Internet Backplane Protocol (IBP) is middleware for managing and using remote storage. | | | IBP provides a mechanism for using distributed storage for logistical purposes. | | | By providing a uniform, application-independent interface to storage in the network, IBP makes it possible for applications of all kinds to use logistical networking to exploit data locality and more effectively manage buffer resources. |
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http://loci.cs.utk.edu/ibp
(331 words)
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| | Private Peering Among Internet Backbone Providers |
| | Cited by (explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to): | | | Please report citation or reference errors to : | | | The model is formulated as a multistage game. |
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http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpio/0301002.html
(601 words)
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| | ISP-Planet - Market Research - ISP Backbone Market Forecast: Flat Through 2002 |
| | DHL created a more adaptive IT environment and enabled IT to add value to the bottom line. | | | According to Cahners In-Stat/MDR there will be zero growth in the number of backbone connections used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in 2002. | | | Disney Internet Group's ITSM implementation increased efficiency across the organization. |
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http://www.isp-planet.com/research/2002/backbone_020123.html
(673 words)
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| | Backbone Internet Website Hosting and Domain Name Registrations |
| | Anything less and your site could be unavailable to potential customers. | | | Backbone Internet web hosting offers a support team that is fast, friendly and efficient. | | | OnNet® direct-to-the-Internet Connectivity to 3 Internet Backbones with BGP |
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http://www.backboneinternet.com
(315 words)
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| | Asia Internet BackBone |
| | - How Asian Internet break away from U.S.-centeric paradigm? | | | What is the strategy to break away from U.S.-centeric paradigm? | | | Let's think about future Internet Infrastructure in Asia,everyone. |
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http://parallel.park.org/Japan/TokyoNet/aip/HOT/INET
(173 words)
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| | Internet Backbone |
| | In reality, however, congestion at network hubs and junctions makes places with high levels of capacity better positioned to be home to companies that distribute large amounts of data via the Internet. | | | Internet backbone is the physical network (usually relying on fiber optic cable) that carries Internet traffic between different networks and is measured in megabits per second. | | | Total capacity of all Internet backbone links to other metropolitan areas as share of employment. |
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http://www.neweconomyindex.org/metro/part4_page5.html
(319 words)
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| | New York University School of Law |
| | This paper discusses the economics of the Internet backbone. | | | Nicholas Economides, "The Economics of the Internet Backbone" (June 1, 2005). | | | I discuss competition on the Internet backbone as well as relevant competition policy issues. |
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http://lsr.nellco.org/nyu/lewp/papers/4
(67 words)
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| | Sprintlink Home Page |
| | Sprint was the first to produce the worldÆs only all-digital, fiber-optic network. | | | Sprint was the first to produce the world's only all-digital, fiber-optic network. | | | Today it is based on a backbone operating at OC48 and OC192 speeds. |
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http://www.sprintlink.net
(226 words)
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| | Internet backbone - Glossary - CNET.com |
| | Local ISPs connect to this backbone through routers so that data can be carried though the backbone to its destination. | | | This superfast network spanning the world from one major metropolitan area to another is provided by a handful of national Internet service providers (ISPs). | | | These organizations (including Net 99 and Alternet) use connections running at approximately 45 mbps (T3 lines) linked up at specified interconnection points called national access points (which are located in major metropolitan areas). |
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http://www.cnet.com/Resources/Info/Glossary/Terms/internetbackbone.html
(77 words)
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