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| | Joseph Carl Robnett (J.C.R.) Licklider |
 | | Licklider also quickly appreciated the power of computer networks, and predicted the effects of technological distribution, describing how the spread of computers, programs, and information among a large number of computers connected by a network would create a system more powerful than could be built by any one organization. | | | In such a system, the speed of the computers would be balanced, and the cost of the gigantic memories and the sophisticated programs would be divided by the number of users. | | | Like Norbert Wiener, Licklider foresaw a close symbiotic relationship between computer and human, including sophisticated computerized interfaces with the brain. |
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http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_licklider.htm
(1087 words)
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| | JCR Licklider and the Dream Machine |
| | Licklider's vision of a computer network to enable human communication and collaboration was viewed by leaders in the computer industry and academia as preposterous at the time. | | | Licklider's vision is also summarized and discussed in The Vision of Interactive Computing and the Future and elsewhere on the Web. | | | Licklider's program sponsored groundbreaking research at MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, RAND, and elsewhere that laid much of the foundation for computing systems today. |
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http://www.cs.duke.edu/courses/fall01/cps49s/licklider.html
(563 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Licklider was carrying this prediction further by suggesting that computers could be involved in the formulation of questions and in the process of thinking and working through to their solution. | | | Licklider left MIT in 1957 to work at the acoustic consulting firm of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) where he was promised access to digital computing. | | | J.C.R. Licklider and other time sharing and networking pioneers took part in that ferment and in the intellectual and technical community at MIT which contributed so much to the technological developments of the second half of the twentieth century. |
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http://www.ais.org/~jrh/lick-wiener.html
(2290 words)
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| | World Wide Web J.R. Licklider |
| | Licklider believed that computers could replace and take over the large, and un-needed amount of time man spent thinking about how problems should be solved. | | | In 1962 Licklider became the director of ARPA computer research. | | | J.R. Licklider was a major contributor to the development of ARPAnet and human/computer interaction. |
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http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mattkaz/history/licklider.html
(277 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Licklider recognized that he would have to develop a new field of scientific study, a field which would come to be known as the field of computer science or the science of information processing. | | | (57) Licklider outlines the need for the human to be able to interact with the computer as opposed to the batch processing form of computing that the computer industry at the time saw as the future for computer development. | | | In 1962 JCR Licklider was invited to set up an office inside of ARPA to explore new uses of the computer beyond arithmetic processing. |
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http://www.ais.org/~ronda/new.papers/gao-icann/centers-excellence.txt
(5778 words)
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| | ARPANET (John McSweeney) |
| | Licklider came to computing when most people thought computers were "vastly-expensive and cumbersome calculating machines". | | | Licklider (ex MIT) was one of the first to see that computers were machines with which humans could interact. | | | Licklider's views about computing - shared by Taylor. |
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http://www.jmcsweeney.co.uk/computing/t171/arpanet1.php
(674 words)
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| | J.C.R. Licklider Bio Page |
| | Lick, as he preferred to be called, persevered through the scrutiny of the computer community throughout the 60's and 70's and brought time-sharing and networking capabilities to the forefront of computer technology and research. | | | Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (1915-1990) was one of the most influential men in the history of computer science. | | | Licklider helped establish such degree programs at four universites, which are still the leaders in the field: U.C. Berkeley, MIT, CMU, and Stanford. |
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http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_fall/projects/follow_me/hw4/licklider.html
(506 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | JCR Licklider published his groundbreaking work “Man Computer Symbiosis.” The main idea was computers should be developed to enable men to cooperate with it in decision making and controlling complex situations. | | | Licklider also visualized a network of computers that would allow his team members to share information and allow them to build upon each others’ work. | | | Licklider help this vision into reality in his work at ARPA where he orchestrated ARPANET and Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) the company that supplied the first computer to ARPANET. |
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http://filebox.vt.edu/r/rclemmon/itma/edweb/synthesis_of_webinternet.doc
(1314 words)
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| | A Very Brief History of the Internet |
| | Licklider, with a background in psychology, saw computers as potential information processors and visualized a network of communities of people worldwide connected by computers. | | | In a paper he wrote in 1968, JCR Licklider predicted that by the year 2000, millions of people around the world would be communicating through a global network of computers. | | | His position at ARPA and his commitment to transform computers into instruments of communication shaped the direction of research, affected how funding would be spent and eventually changed the direction of development within the computer industry. |
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http://www.users.nwark.com/~rcmahq/nwapcug/inthis41.htm
(1030 words)
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| | Main Report |
| | Licklider is the first and the most important person of the Internet, as it all started from his vision. | | | Licklider also made the point that access should be available to those who want to use the computer networks. | | | JCR Licklider is an important factor to the Internet as without his vision, society wouldn’t be what it is today. |
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http://website.lineone.net/~quinlivan/page9.htm
(1333 words)
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| | fUSION Anomaly. J.C.R. Licklider |
| | Licklider was one of the researchers attracted to this paradigm, not strictly out of the desire to build a new kind of machine, but out of the need for new ways to simulate the activities of the human brain. | | | Licklider was the first head of the computer | | | In the spring of 1957, while he continued to carry out the duties of an MIT researcher and professor, Dr. J.C.R. Licklider noted every task he did during the day and kept track of each one. |
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http://fusionanomaly.net/jcrlicklider.html
(572 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | In 1962, Licklider was invited to create a computer science and behavioral science research office by the Director of the Advanced Research Project Agency. | | | In 1954, Licklider was one of the researchers sponsoring a similar conference at MIT on Communication, Control, and Information theory. | | | This idea was carried into the IPTO's computer science research program by Licklider as early as 1962.(G9) Licklider recognized the need for creative users of the networks to participate in contributing to the form and content of the online community. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/other/misc/talknov2003.txt
(3288 words)
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| | "The Birth of the Internet" "The World Wide Web" "Big Brother is Watching You!" |
| | Licklider, who held advanced degrees in psychology, was among the first to recognize that the fullest potential of the computer could only be achieved by improving the human user's ability to interact with it. | | | Professor Licklider also made important contributions in the application of computers to modern libraries, introducing the concepts of digital computers and telecommunications into the processes of information storage and retrieval. | | | Professor Licklider outlined his vision for improving the human computer dialogue he called "man computer symbiosis" in a number of papers published in the early 1960s. |
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http://www.jaysnet.com/666netborn.html
(8225 words)
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| | Digital Systems Research Center: Report 61 |
| | J.C.R. Licklider thus played a central role in initiating and sustaining computer science research and education in this country. | | | In the 1960s, J.C.R. Licklider published his ideas about the future role of multiaccess interactive computing. | | | To commemorate his important contributions, we reprint here two of his papers, "Man-Computer Symbiosis" and "The Computer as a Communication Device." In recognition of the debt owed to him by the whole computer science profession, and by every user of interactive computing, we dedicate this report in his memory. |
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http://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/abstracts/src-rr-061.html
(312 words)
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| | The Internet and YOU! |
| | •JCR Licklider of MIT (Mass.Institute of Technology) first proposed a global network of computers in 1962.&; |
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http://tiger.towson.edu/users/mhiner1/presentation1_files/slide0003.htm
(46 words)
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| | The Matrix: J.C.R. Licklider |
| | J.C.R. Licklider may well be one of the most influential people in the history of computer science. | | | Further information on J.C.R. Licklider is available on-line from two excellent sources. | | | You should look especially at chapters 5, 6, and 7 for information on Licklider. |
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http://memex.org/licklider.html
(110 words)
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| | internet history, global information system, world wide web, marc andreesen, robert taylor, dr licklider, larry ... |
| | In 1962 Dr. J.C.R. Licklider (his friends called him “Lick” for short), who at the time was working at MIT as a research scientist on a project funded and sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), came up with the concept of what he referred to as the Inter-Galactic Network. | | | In two of his most influential papers, Man-Computer Symbiosis, which he wrote in 1960, and The Computer as a Communications Device, which was co-authored with Robert Taylor in1968, he describes his vision of computing, which at the time of his writing was a mere concept, a good idea at best. | | | Drawing from the original writings and concepts created by Licklider, Robert Taylor decided that the only way to solve these obvious problems was to link the existing computers at ARPA funded research institutions together. |
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http://www.bristolvalleyhardwoods.com/store.asp?pid=180&catid=1
(1433 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | In the reading Man-Computer Symbiosis, JCR Licklider emphasizes that a cyborg is a man computer symbiosis. | | | This improved thinking process is the result of man machine symbiosis, creating a possible definition of cyborg. | | | He also says “Men are flexible, capable of ‘programming themselves contingently’ on the basis of newly received information” (Licklider, p58). |
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http://web.pdx.edu/~griffins/examplework/Assignment3.doc
(1052 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | By examining this connection, a basis will be set to understand the context both of Licklider's early writing and of the foundation he set for the creation and development of IPTO as the institutional form that made possible the development of the Internet. | | | To understand the conditions that nurtured the birth and early development of the Internet, it is important to understand the creation and development of the Information Processing Techniques Office created by J.C.R. Licklider in 1962. | | | Though it is too early to begin computer networking research, Licklider promotes a vision of an intergalactic network which inspires those who later take over the leadership of the IPTO, like Larry Roberts. |
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http://umcc.ais.org/~ronda/new.papers/newbook/draftbookprochapters.txt
(3309 words)
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| | Moopuna: Term Papers on The Internet |
| | Licklider was rushed to head the Advanced Research Projects Agency, or ARPA, where he proposed his ideas and innovations to Lawrence Roberts, a researcher at MIT. | | | Licklider laid out a plan of globally interconnected computers networked together where scientists, researchers and government officials could talk and share programs from any site across the world. | | | During the summer break at MIT, a psychologist named JCR Licklider posted a series of memos to the “Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network”. |
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http://www.moopuna.com/c811.htm
(365 words)
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| | Interface I: Automation and Knowledge Augmentation |
| | Licklider's model of interface is ultimately based on a vision of humans and computers living in a symbiotic relationship, such as that of the beetle and the fig tree: two dissimilar organisms, living together in intimate association, or even union." | | | For Licklider, the interface functions as a kind of fact-finding and decision-making assistant, a colleague who can automate tedious tasks and free humans for higher-level functioning. | | | Basic Issues: JCR Licklider and Douglas Engelbart represent two different approaches to interface development. |
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http://www.people.virginia.edu/~jrd8e/MDST110_F03/InterfaceI.html
(1183 words)
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| | LinhPham-Narration |
| | Licklider’s original mandate was to continue with research on the SAGE program. | | | However, Licklider soon realized the potential of having a network of computer linked together. | | | He felt that this would be monumental in the progress of intertwining IT with practical activities such as sharing research data. |
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http://mason.gmu.edu/~lpham4/ResearchDraft.html
(2632 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | It was pretty visionary back then for the ARPA Director, JCR Licklider, to investigate the uses of technology and computers. | | | The Internet as we know it today is the product of research begun in the 1950's at the Advanced Research Projects Agency -- a department of the US Government. |
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http://tilt.lib.utsystem.edu/utopia/intro/misc1.htm
(118 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Moreover, Licklider was highly interested in the computer as a communications device and predicted that social contact would be increased via the computer and networks that would someday form the Internet. | | | Rather, HYPERLINK "http://www.scottlondon.com/insight/pdf/hlr.pdf" he contends it “will be measured by the number of local systems we can build, using local resources, to meet local needs.” This research project will explore whether current trends in Internet communication development represent a contribution to the kind of local-needs brand of progress expressed in Mr. | | | As members of an Internet enabled information economy and society, today's users have come a long way since the early predictions of Licklider. |
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http://www.unc.edu/~jlomax/assignments/221prop.doc
(820 words)
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| | T171 TMA04 - Peter Smith |
| | Thinking why can't these computers be connected together, with one code language and password and set to work on the idea of networking computers together. | | | This along with a chance meeting with a young engineer called Wesley Clarke and the closing of his department at MIT persuaded him that his future was in computer science. | | | "The hope" Licklider wrote,"is that in not too many years, human brains and computing machines will be coupled... |
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http://homepage.ntlworld.com/peter.smith27/t171/tma04
(2179 words)
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| | Slide 1 |
| | Licklider and Bob Taylor, 1968, “The Computer as a Communication |
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http://www.internet2.edu/presentations/spring05/20050504-HBS-Cotteleer_files/slide0022.htm
(27 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | > >Licklider's notion of human-computer symbiosis was the basis for >his joining ARPA and setting up a research office to support the >development of computer technology to make this human-computer >symbiosis a reality. | | | > >JCR Licklider in a similar, but even more specific way proposed >that there was a need for research in the desirable relationship >between the human and the computer. | | | He proposed as well, that >the relationship that would be most fruitful would be a symbionic >relationship, a relationship where the human and the computer were >recognized as dissimilar species but were recognized as each >being dependent upon the other. |
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http://www.ais.org/~jrh/netizens/digest/Digest_1-374.txt
(3047 words)
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| | IS/IT and Networks: Page 02 |
| | The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), directed by JCR Licklider, managed the distribution of government money into information technologies research. | | | RAND Corporation, a government "think tank," was given special strategic problems to solve. |
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http://solutions.ist.psu.edu/courses/preview/master_setup/courses/topic_id/content/06_06_02.html
(222 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | And he laid the foundation for graduate education in the newly created field of computer science. | | | All users of interactive computing and every company that employs computer people owe him a great debt." Preface by Robert W. Taylor "In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider 1915- 1990," Digital Research Center Research Report #61, Palo Alto, CA, August 7, 1990. | | | Encouraged research into time-sharing at MIT, SDC, Berkeley, UCLA, etc and distributed enough money to incubate the formation of computer science departments that eventually would be linked up via the ARPNET. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/~jrh29/years.html
(911 words)
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| | Digital Libraries and Virtual Universities |
| | In 1965, JCR Licklider explored the future of libraries, that would help deal with the information explosion through the use of computer and communication technologies [LICK65]. | | | From these observations we see that if we are to successfully develop virtual universities, it is important to understand about digital libraries, and to learn from experiences in applying digital libraries to improve education |
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http://fox.cs.vt.edu/talks/1997/Mexico97.html
(2092 words)
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| | DocBug: AugCog |
| | The program managers are the guys who decide what research projects DARPA should fund — the best-known PM was probably JCR Licklider, who funded the Intelligence Augmentation research that led to the invention of the Internet, the mouse, the first(?) hypertext system, etc. The current program Dylan talked about was | | | Augmented Cognition, which I'm now convinced could become the biggest breakthrough in wearable computing yet. | | | Dylan Schmorrow, one of the program managers for DARPA. |
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http://docbug.com/blog/archives/000215.html
(436 words)
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| | Computer History Museum - Lectures - Mitch Waldrop - The Revolution that Made Computing Personal |
| | Mitch Waldrop, brings us the fascinating story of JCR Licklider and "The Revolution that Made Computing Personal." Licklider may well have been one of the most influential -- and least known -- people in the history of computer science. | | | As a division director in the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), in the early 1960s Licklider put in place the funding priorities which would lead to the Internet, and the invention of the "mouse," "windows" and "hypertext." Book signing and reception follows the lecture. | | | Mitchell Waldrop, formerly a senior writer at Science magazine, is author of "Complexity" and "Man-Made Minds." He lives in Washington, DC. |
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http://www.computerhistory.org/events/lectures/waldrop_091701
(638 words)
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| | Liberating Voices! A Pattern Language for Communication Revolution |
| | The original vision guiding Internet development was to unite communities of human beings via computer communications into an Intergalactic Network, as JCR Licklider called it, a vast human-computer symbiosis. | | | The developments that have made the Internet possible were achieved by an international collaboration among computer scientists fostered by a public administration of research projects encouraging openness. | | | In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider 1915-1990, Aug. 7, 1990, p. |
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http://diac.cpsr.org/cgi-bin/diac02/pattern.cgi/public?pattern_id=86
(498 words)
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| | World Wide Web History References |
| | Licklider, J.C.R. "The Computer as a Communication Device". | | | More People Spent More Time On The Net In May - Report- by Laura Randall, 1999. |
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http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mattkaz/history/references.html
(225 words)
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| | Dave's Blog |
| | The hope is that, in not too many years, human brains and computing machines will be coupled together very tightly, and that the resulting partership will think as no human brain has ever thought and process data in a way not approached by the information-handling machines we know today. | | | I had no idea until I looked it up that JCR Licklider was heavily involved in the project; I mainly think of him as the author of the amazing 1960 paper Man-Computer Symbiosis in which he said |
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http://www.recoil.org/~djs/blog/2004/09/02
(131 words)
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| | LookSmart's Furl - Latest Headlines - jcr |
| | The Impact of Emerging Technologies: Bruce Sterling, JCR Licklider, and Mobile Computing [by zahedi (and 1 other) at 14:25:17 GMT on Feb 12] | | | Ex- Apache Chairman Makes Java JCR Prediction @ JAVA DEVELOPER'S JOURNAL [by zahedi (and 1 other) at 14:23:54 GMT on Feb 12] | | | Joseph Carl Robnett (J.C.R.) Licklider [by zahedi (and 1 other) at 14:05:42 GMT on Feb 12] |
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http://www.furl.net/furled.jsp?topic=jcr
(249 words)
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| | History of the Internet |
| | In 1962 JCR Licklider also (MIT) writes a series of memos discussing his "Galactic Network Concept", were he basically envisions the Internet. | | | In 1965 the first wide area network is built. |
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http://domanski.cs.csi.cuny.edu/490/igluzman.htm
(538 words)
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| | Final Exam Questions |
| | In the 1960s, JCR Licklider and Doug Engelbart envisioned computers as tools that could work in "symbiosis" with humans in order to "augment human intellect." In light of the positive and negative effects of information technology discussed throughout the course, do you think Licklider and Engelbart were right to be so optimistic? | | | Please, bring no notes or other prompting devices to the exam. | | | Consider the role of IT in the four films we watched this semester as you address these two questions: How do characters in these films use IT as they try to manage the future? |
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http://www.colorado.edu/Journalism/courses/4874_1/syllabus/finalsp03.htm
(484 words)
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| | The Impact of Emerging Technologies: Bruce Sterling, JCR Licklider, and Mobile Computing |
| | The Impact of Emerging Technologies: Bruce Sterling, JCR Licklider, and Mobile Computing | | | The story, though, is only interesting to me right now because I've just finished up reviewing Bruce Sterling's latest book, Shaping Things, for the August issue of Technology Review. | | | In the book, Sterling moves forward an argument first presented by J.C.R. Licklider in 1960 in his paper "Man-Computer Symbiosis" (pdf). |
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http://www.technologyreview.com/king.trblogs.com/archives/2005/05/bruce_sterling.html
(695 words)
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| | Father of the Internet |
| | These mainly stemmed from one institution - the Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - and a group of extraordinary scientists and engineers who worked there. | | | Licklider was the first director of ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office between 1962 and 65. | | | Despite these claims how many of those illustrious scientists should feature in the Internet Paternity Stakes is a very debatable question. |
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http://www.learnedcounsel.com/father.htm
(1432 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Licklider might be proud of a successful and broad research program aimed toward a science extending digital libraries. | | | I argue that we can and should develop such an integrative theory, over the next decade. | | | However, he hoped that eventually we could move toward the ideal of an integrative theory to support such efforts. |
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http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~dlwkshop/paper_fox.doc
(1765 words)
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| | Vannevar Bush |
| | Bush's innovative idea for automating human memory was obviously important in the development digital age, but even more important was his influence on the institution of science in America. | | | Others, such as J.C.R. Licklider and Douglas Engelbart have also paid homage to Bush. | | | Indeed, Ted Nelson who later did pioneering work with hypertext credited Bush as his main influence (Zachary, 399). |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/bush.html
(2063 words)
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| | Group 1 |
| | Your PowerPoint must answer the following : a) what is the Internet (5pts) b) explain what hosts and ISPs do (5pts)c) what is the ARPANET, why it began, and what was its purpose? | | | Explain who JCR Licklider was and how he contributed to the creation of the Internet. | | | (10pts) d) Explain who JCR Licklider was and how he contributed to the creation of the Internet.(5pts) e) Tell how you think the Internet has changed the world.(5pts) |
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http://neighbor.firn.edu/class/broward/pioneer_ms/matthew_bianchi/bianchi/Chapter_3/group1.htm
(425 words)
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| | PA 4 |
| | J. Licklider is largely credited as the man with the earliest vision of the internet as it is today. |
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http://washington.uwc.edu/depts/compsci/cps109/grilz4789/PA4.htm
(515 words)
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