|
| |
| | Johnniac |
 | | The JOHNNIAC was one of an illustrious group of computers built in the early 1950's, all inspired by the IAS computer designed by John von Neumann at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. | | | Among other tasks, JOHNNIAC was also used to develop digitizing tablets for computer input. | | | JOHNNIAC was also one of the first users of magnetic core memory, which dominated computer memories for the next 25 years. |
|
http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/johnniac.html
(1604 words)
|
|
| |
| | JOHNNIAC - Wikipedia |
| | As with all computers of its era, it was a one of a kind machine that could not exchange programs with other computers (even other IAS machines). | | | One JOHNNIAC legacy was the JOSS programming language (the JOHNNIAC Open Shop System), an easy-to-use language which catered to novices. | | | After two "rescues" from the scrap heap, the machine currently resides at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOHNNIAC
(134 words)
|
|
| |
| | Johnniac - the Computer! |
| | Johnniac is meant to be a simplified representation of an actual computer. | | | Johnniac is a hypothetical computer with a minimal set of resources and a very small instruction set. | | | You may also find it a bit easier to understand what a given Johnniac program is doing by "tracing" the state of the machine as each instruction or collection of instructions are executed. |
|
http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~warren/CS161/john.htm
(985 words)
|
|
| |
| | LinuxElectrons: How RAND Invented the Postwar World |
| | The Johnniac also served as a test bed for advances that were later adopted by commercial computer makers, such as the first 140-column-wide, high-speed impact printer and a swapping drum to support multiple users of one of the first online time-sharing systems. | | | It was simple justice for the computer to be so named, because it was one of fewer than 10 "Princeton-type" parallel scientific computers built to the logic Von Neumann had developed at the Institute for Advanced Study. | | | The Johnniac was remarkably reliable for its time; the IBM 701 that RAND soon acquired never matched it in this respect. |
|
http://www.linuxelectrons.com/article.php?story=20040903063754734&mode=print
(448 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages |
| | Since JOHNNIAC dates back to early explorations of stored programming computing, much of its first programming was done in absolute octal. | | | Much of its time was consumed by research on the general questions of artificial intelligence and the initials NSS came to be closely associated with JOHNNIAC. | | | The biggest shortcoming of the machine was its shortage of secondary memory, in that you couldn?t create a program, even a small five-line program, and save it anywhere. |
|
http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showlanguage.prx?exp=3224
(1320 words)
|
|
| |
| | Computer History Museum - Lectures - The Johnniac |
| | The Johnniac computer, built by The Rand Corporation, was one of seventeen custom-built machines inspired by the Institute of Advanced Study (Princeton) architecture. | | | This design specified a binary, bit-parallel machine optimized for "number crunching" and introduced the "stored program" concept--that is, the storing of both data and instructions in memory. | | | Johnniac and IBM 701 Programmer, 1954-63; Senior Analyst, IBM, 1963-65; Programmer and Department Head, RandD Division, System Development Corporation (SDC) 1965-84; government analyst and consultant, 1984-91; currently writing Johnniac simulator. |
|
http://www.computerhistory.org/events/lectures/johnniac_09151998
(359 words)
|
|
| |
| | Visible Storage : Theme |
| | Other early computers, like Johnniac and the WISC, were special research machines. | | | MIT’s Whirlwind was particularly influential because it led to the invention of core memory, which was a key enabling technology in the history of computers. | | | ENIAC’s designers went on to build a stored-program calculator called “Univac,” which was the first commercial electronic digital computer ever made. |
|
http://www.computerhistory.org/virtualvisiblestorage/theme.php?tax_id=02.01.00
(112 words)
|
|
| |
| | JOSS-discription |
| | As Cliff later recalled, his intent was not to make JOHNNIAC machine language available, but instead to provide a computational service through a new, machine-independent language. | | | Eight years later, this Princeton-type computing machine (named for mathematician John van Neumann) became the basis for JOSS, the JOHNNIAC Open-Shop System. | | | When its storage and speed limitations eventually caused a shift to more modern equipment, this aging home-grown computer became attractive for the JOSS experiment. |
|
http://www.palosverdes.com/lasthurrah/JOSS-discription.html
(942 words)
|
|
| |
| | RAND Advanced Publication Search View Abstract |
| | Abstract: A description of the development and use of the RAND-built JOHNNIAC computer, which spanned the first decade of the computer industry. | | | Appended are a memorandum from John Williams, then head of RAND's Mathematics Department, urging retention of JOHNNIAC despite the reported superiority of the new IBM 701; and the definitive [Preliminary Discussion of the Logical] [Design of an Electronic Computing] [Instrument], by Arthur Burks, Herman Goldstine, and John von Neumann. | | | In 1950, RAND decided to build its own computer, partly on the advice of John von Neumann (for whom JOHNNIAC was named) to change from 604 wired programming to stored programming, and partly from the lack of suitable commercial machines. |
|
http://www.rand.org/cgi-bin/Abstracts/e-getabbydoc.pl?RM-5654
(180 words)
|
|
| |
| | Wired 7.11: Modern Art |
| | Anticipating Deep Blue, Rand coders developed a chess program for Johnniac that attempted to mimic the style of human grand masters. | | | A mathematical workhorse built at Santa Monica, California-based Rand, the Johnniac - named for mathematician John von Neumann, who did many of the early calculations for its design - was the only computer at the time to use Selectron memory. | | | Each move took up to one hour to compute. |
|
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/7.11/computer.html?pg=2
(1093 words)
|
|
| |
| | THE RAND CORPORATION [RU 9536] - Smithsonian Videohistory Collection |
| | During the 1950s he was responsible for programming JOHNNIAC's first assignment, the computations on UNIVAC I for the first H-bomb test, RAND's system and utility programming of the IBM 701 and 704 computers, PACT-II (Project Advanced Coding Technique), and the formation of the first users' group, SHARE (Society to Help Avoid Redundant Effort). | | | He specialized in systems software, beginning with the IBM Card-Programmed Calculator, the IBM 701, and the JOHNNIAC; and in artificial intelligence, where he worked with Allen Newell and Herbert Simon on various AI programs and IPL's (Information Processing Languages) I-VI. | | | He was responsible for the JOHNNIAC's input/output machinery, design of the JOSS (JOHNNIAC Open Shop System) terminals, the RAND tablet, GRAIL (Graphic Input Language), and the RAND/IBM Videographic system. |
|
http://www.si.edu/archives/ihd/videocatalog/9536.htm
(3475 words)
|
|
| |
| | [inforoots] Re: inforoots Digest, Vol 8, Issue 4 |
| | We can, however, assume that they really did know what IAC of ENIAC meant, and dismiss that argument...after all, they were presumably well versed in the computer technology/naming of the day. | | | [SS: well documented, incontrovertible] [SS: when pressed, I add "the earliest references I've seen state that JOHNNIAC means "JOHN von Neumann Integrator and Automatic Computer".] It was one of over a dozen computers that were designed after the Princeton report of John von Neumann's. | | | Thus, that makes it an acronym that means "JOHN von Neumann Integrator and Automatic Computer" (Note: I can see how confusion over John vN's disavowal of the name could be later misremembered as "it's not an acronym".) 3. |
|
http://mail2.computerhistory.org/pipermail/inforoots/2004-May/000663.html
(899 words)
|
|
| |
| | JOSS - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | JOSS I, developed by J. Clifford Shaw at RAND was first implemented, in beta form, on the JOHNNIAC computer in May 1963. | | | JOSS (an acronym for JOHNNIAC Open Shop System), was one of the very first interactive, time sharing programming languages. | | | See also religion in China and incense, Joss Stone for the British female soul singer, or Joss Whedon for the television writer/producer |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOSS
(318 words)
|
|
| |
| | RAND Advanced Publication Search View Abstract |
| | The history and development of JOHNNIAC are traced from the early search for more computing power in 1950 to the very recent use of the computer as a research tool. | | | Abstract: Text of a talk at the decommissioning ceremonies for the RAND-built computer, JOHNNIAC, held 18 February 1966. | | | The press release of JOHNNIAC's demise is appended. |
|
http://www.rand.org/cgi-bin/Abstracts/e-getabbydoc.pl?P-3313
(56 words)
|
|
| |
| | Johnniac - Title |
| | The Johnniac Instruction Set - the list of instructions Johnniac understands... | | | Peripheral Devices - allows the computer to communicate with the outside world while executing a program |
|
http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~warren/CS161/L8.htm
(393 words)
|
|
| |
| | [ t e c h n o \ c u l t u r e ] |
| | I'll post some pictures now and then over the coming weeks, but today I thought I'd show you the Johnniac, a massive computer that went operational in either 1953 or 1954, built by the Rand Corporation and named in honour of (and built to a design of) computing pioneer John Von Neumann. | | | The computer is notable not just for its amazing metal casing, with the Cadillac-style lettering for Johnniac, but because it was one of the first computers to have a memory -- which was all of 4k!!!! | | | Now, the histories I can find say the Johnniac was 'decommissioned' in 1966, but whether that means it was still working at Rand and thus really was the machine I played against, or had been completely shut down and it was actually some other big, fat mainframe, I don't know. |
|
http://weblog.techno-culture.com/2003/07/21.html
(808 words)
|
|
| |
| | LISP prehistory - Summer 1956 through Summer 1958. |
| | My desire for an algebraic list processing language for artificial intelligence work on the IBM 704 computer arose in the summer of 1956 during the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence which was the first organized study of AI. | | | During this meeting, Newell, Shaw and Simon described IPL 2, a list processing language for Rand Corporation's JOHNNIAC computer in which they implemented their Logic Theorist program. | | | There was little temptation to copy IPL, because its form was based on a JOHNNIAC loader that happened to be available to them, and because the FORTRAN idea of writing programs algebraically was attractive. |
|
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/lisp/node2.html
(1716 words)
|
|
| |
| | Smart Computing Article - Erroneously Yours |
| | In 1962, the JOHNNIAC computer began talking to its programmers through a new set of eight attached electric typewriters. | | | When JOHNNIAC gave up on a program, it would clatter out "EH?" on one of the typewriters, says Mike Williams, head curator of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, Calif. | | | At least the JOHNNIAC had a sense of humor. |
|
http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/2002/s1310/16s10/16s10.asp&guid=3bggwxc0
(1595 words)
|
|
| |
| | The History of the JOHNNIAC |
| | This reprint of an early RAND Memorandum by the author describes the thirteen-year life of the JOHNNIAC computer, a Princeton-class machine designed and built at The RAND Corporation in 1953. | | | "The History of the JOHNNIAC," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 01, no. 1, pp. | | | The history presented here is based on documents and recollections of the individuals involved in the creation of JOHNNIAC. |
|
http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/mags/an/&toc=comp/mags/an/1979/01/a1toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/MAHC.1979.10012
(113 words)
|
|
| |
| | John Von Neumann - Cheap Shot Rocks |
| | Define JOHNNIAC - from the Linux / Unix / Computing glossary at About.com....(Continue Reading) | | | This interdisciplinary approach to the study of human behavior involves mathematics, economics and other social and behavioral sciences....(Continue Reading) |
|
http://www.cheapshotrocks.com/john-von-neumann.html
(161 words)
|
|
| |
| | Johnniac - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Johnniac : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info] | | | Phrases that include Johnniac: johnniac open shop system | | | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "Johnniac" is defined. |
|
http://www.onelook.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=Johnniac
(85 words)
|
|
| |
| | CHRONO-2 |
| | JOSS (Johnniac Open Shop System) language is developed. | | | (November) International Telemeter company installs a 4096 word ferrite core memory on the Rand Corporation's Johnniac computer. | | | The first all-transistor calculator was based on these circuits, later sold as the IBM 608. |
|
http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/01HISTORYCD-Chrono1.htm
(14577 words)
|
|
| |
| | early-computers |
| | After surveying commercial and university projects, Rand decided to build an improved version of the machine being constructed under the leadership of John von Neumann at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. | | | By the time Shaw was installing JOSS I on the JOHNNIAC, the machine had 4096 words (40 bits each) of core storage with a cycle time of 15 microseconds, drum storage of 12,288 words, punched card input/output, and a high speed printer. | | | Developed by RAND using the JOHNNIAC, JOSS (the first truly simple on-line system) JOSS was a milestone in the history of conversational timesharing. |
|
http://www.palosverdes.com/lasthurrah/early-computers.html
(432 words)
|
|
| |
| | Joh from FOLDOC |
| | He invented Lisp at MIT in the late 1950s and later worked at SAIL. | | | Its memory consisted of 80 special "Selectron" vacuum tubes, each of which held 256 bits of data. | | | Nearby terms: joe code « John Atanasoff « John Gilmore « John Mauchly » John McCarthy » Johnniac » JOHNNIAC Open Shop System |
|
http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?query=Joh
(821 words)
|
|
| |
| | BRL Report 1961 |
| | The 40" x 40" plotter was modified to include straight line drawing ability as well as circle drawing ability. | | | The circle drawing instruction causes the plotter to go to point X, Y and draw a circle of radius r. | | | The plotter can be instructed under JOHNNIAC control to go to point Xl, Y1 and draw a line to point X2, Y2. |
|
http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61-j.html
(813 words)
|
|
| |
| | No match for JOHNNIAC |
| | Sorry, the term JOHNNIAC is not in the dictionary. | | | Last modified: Fri Feb 19 11:23:31 GMT 1999 |
|
http://www.instantweb.com/d/dictionary/foldoc.cgi?JOHNNIAC
(50 words)
|
|
| |
| | johnniac open shop system |
| | [Connection with Johnniac?] ["JOSS Users' Reference Manual", R.L. Clark, Report F-1535/9, RAND Corp Jan 1975]. | | | Add the dictionary search box to your site! |
|
http://www.english-dictionary.us/meaning/JOHNNIAC_Open_Shop_System.asp
(48 words)
|
|
|
