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| | Kernel Mode Linux |
 | | Thus, the kernel is protected by CPUs, because programs executed in user mode cannot access memory that belongs to programs executed in kernel mode. | | | I used the sysenter/sysexit mechanism for performance measurement of the original Linux kernel, instead of the int 0x80 instruction. | | | In the original Linux kernel, interrupts are handled by interrupt handling routines specified as gates in the Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT). |
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http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/6516/print
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| | [No title] |
| | It is used by the vmalloc() kernel function to allocate virtual contiguous chunks of memory not possible using the normal kmalloc physical RAM allocator. | | | The example address is 0xd004000c; in binary this is: 31 23 15 7 0 11010000 00000100 00000000 00001100 ______ | | | The MMU can map all 4 GB in user mode, but doing that would mean that a few extra instructions would be needed for each access to user mode memory. |
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http://kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/bkcvs/linux-2.4/arch/cris/README.mm,v
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| | Microkernel-based OS Efforts |
| | Kernel code usually requires the use of special memory allocation and output routines since the kernel cannot depend on a lower level to manage these things for it. | | | Exokernels are a further extension of the microkernel approach where the "kernel" per se is almost devoid of functionality; it merely passes requests for resources to "user space" libraries. | | | This would mean that (for instance) requests for file access by one process would be passed by the kernel to the library that is directly responsible for managing file systems. |
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http://cbbrowne.com/info/microkernel.html
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| | Kernel Mode Linux: Execute user processes in kernel mode |
| | Kernel Mode Linux is a technology which enables us to execute user programs in kernel mode. | | | However, in Kernel Mode Linux, a user program may be executed in kernel mode and the CPU may not switch a stack. | | | Unlike kernel modules, user programs are executed as ordinary processes (except for their privilege level), so scheduling and paging are performed as usual. |
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http://web.yl.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~tosh/kml
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| | Lab 3: User Environments |
| | By doing this, the kernel only allocates the memory that the program is going to use, but the program can work under the illusion that it has an arbitrarily large stack. | | | The kernel saves these when switching from user to kernel mode for any reason, so that the environment can later be resumed where it left off. | | | In a system call, when the kernel is dereferencing pointers to the user's address space, we need a way to remember that any page faults these dereferences cause is actually on behalf of the user program. |
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http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/6.828/2004/labs/lab3/lab3.html
(5345 words)
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| | The User-mode Linux Kernel Home Page |
| | UML projects - If you're a far-seeing kernel hacker, this is my list of post-version 1 projects for UML. | | | Run buggy software, experiment with new Linux kernels or distributions, and poke around in the internals of Linux, all without risking your main Linux setup. | | | User-Mode Linux gives you a virtual machine that may have more hardware and software virtual resources than your actual, physical computer. |
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http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net
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| | [No title] |
| | The "task" argument is a pointer to the task structure to which the "regs" pointer belongs to. | | | A srlz.d instruction is used to ensure the CPU is in little-endian mode before the first load/store instruction is executed. | | | If a taken-branch trap occurs while in fsys-mode, the trap-handler modifies the saved machine state such that execution resumes in the gate page at syscall_via_break(), with privilege level 3. |
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http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/bkcvs/linux-2.5/Documentation/ia64/fsys.txt,v
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| | Kernel debugging |
| | You have to tell gdb what object file you just loaded into UML and where in memory it is. Then, it can read the symbol table, and figure out where all the symbols are from the load address that you provided. | | | Since the UML runs as a normal Linux process, it is possible to debug it with gdb almost like any other process. | | | Hit return in the shell, and UML will start running, and strace output will start accumulating in the output file. |
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http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/debugging.html
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| | SGI - Developer Central Open Source Kernprof |
| | In this case kernprof is used to set up the profiling parameters and then to generate the data files that gprof requires as input. | | | Profiling refers to the collection of data during the execution of a program that can be analyzed to study the performance of the program, identify hot spots, etc. Kernel profiling does this for an OS kernel, in this case for Linux. | | | We use the term profiling mode to refer to a particular data collection strategy. |
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http://oss.sgi.com/projects/kernprof/faq.html
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| | Gentoo Linux Documentation -- Gentoo Linux Developer's guide to system testing with User-Mode Linux |
| | After all, you'll be building a new kernel with a different configuration and you might want to have heterogenous systems on your main Linux system (several different UML kernels). | | | Next, configure this UML kernel as you would do for any other system, but append ARCH=um so that the kernel build software knows that the kernel is meant to run as a guest process on the main system. | | | I highly recommend reading the user-mode linux documentation, but the basic idea is that running the /usr/local/bin/linux program boots the user-mode kernel and tries to bring up the system stored in the file root_fs that should be located in the current working directory. |
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http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/uml.xml
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| | [Full-Disclosure] Multiple WinXP kernel vulns can give user mode programs kernel mode privileges |
| | Multiple WinXP kernel vulns can give user mode programs kernel mode privileges Summary ======= There exist several vulnerabilities in one of Windows XP kernel's native API functions which allow any user with the SeDebugPrivilege privilege to execute arbitrary code in kernel mode, and read from and write to any memory address, including kernel memory. | | | The program can do anything to the computer the kernel can, eg. | | | Microsoft says it's OK for user mode programs to write to the kernel so long as you have the SeDebugPrivilege privilege, and will not fix anything. |
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http://lists.grok.org.uk/pipermail/full-disclosure/2004-February/017545.html
(822 words)
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| | Experiments with the Linux Kernel: Process Segments LG #112 |
| | For the code segment, it is starting at 0x8048000 as per the kernel data structures. | | | The definition of this struct is in the header file | | | code inside the kernel will figure out what format the binary is in (ELF, a.out, etc.) and will call the corresponding handler for that format. |
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http://linuxgazette.net/112/krishnakumar.html
(1468 words)
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| | Nerditorium, MSJ, July 1999 |
| | This would eliminate the need for dedicated threads for asynchronous processing, since scheduled routines could be integrated with the thread switching and scheduling code without the knowledge of the user-mode code. | | | Note that even though it appears that KeWaitForSingleObject is effectively doing what was previously being done in user mode (waiting on an event), a timeout value of zero is passed in, causing the wait to immediately return (but not before the APC is executed). | | | However, a setup in which a callback function is called asynchronously whenever the user-mode thread is scheduled to run would be closest to emulating ISR processing in user mode. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/msj/0799/nerd/nerd0799.aspx
(2686 words)
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| | WD-3: DLLs in Kernel Mode |
| | Other projects that include the header don't define this symbol, which means that the header does contain the directives. | | | If you ever see a "Win32" subsystem when you're looking at the dependencies for a driver or kernel DLL you've created, it means that you've called a user-mode API function. | | | Tim Roberts is a hopeless software engineer who programs both for fun and for profit. |
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http://www.wd-3.com/archive/KernelDlls.htm
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| | The Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide |
| | I struggled along with the help of many other hackers to produce a document that lived primarily on paper, and was intended to document the kernel in much the same way that a program's user guide is intended to document the program for users. | | | The most common Linux kernel programming task is writing a new device driver. | | | Kernel source is already browsable online by Axel Boldt |
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http://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
(2050 words)
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| | XBOX365 - XDK Leaked Documents, xbox games and xbox cheats and xbox reviews - xbox info, cheats , hints and tips, ... |
| | While some support is implemented in the kernel of the system software in the Xbox game system ROM (for example, file system support, threading, memory management), the APIs to access these features are exposed through the Xbox Title Libraries. | | | Once the game image is in memory, the system software will start the game. | | | After the hardware has been initialized, the system software will display the boot graphic and play the startup sound. |
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http://www.xbox365.com/stories/xdkcomplete.shtml
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| | Microsoft Windows NT Kernel-mode User and GDI White Paper |
| | Kernel mode refers to a mode of code execution in a microprocessor in which all memory is totally accessible and all CPU instructions can be issued. | | | In a pure microkernel operating system the file system implementation is run in user mode, so theoretically it can't crash the entire operating system. | | | From its earliest days Windows NT has implemented its memory manager, integrated cache manager, file systems (including network redirectors), object/security manager, network protocols, network server, and all thread/process management as kernel-mode subsystems while retaining a highly modular design. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/technet/archive/ntwrkstn/evaluate/featfunc/kernelwp.mspx
(2774 words)
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| | Summit Soft Consulting - Articles |
| | In other words, kernel-mode (privilege level 0) and user-mode (privilege level 3) are attributes of the code and not of the CPU. | | | Contrary to what most developers believe (even kernel-mode developers) there is no mode of the x86 CPU called "Kernel-mode". | | | For instance, malicious user-mode code could modify its stack pointer to point to invalid memory, execute an 'int 2e' instruction and thereby crash the system when the kernel-mode functions uses the invalid stack pointer. |
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http://www.summitsoftconsulting.com/NTSystemCalls.htm
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| | BYTE.com |
| | When a thread runs in user mode (at ring 3, the least-trusted 80x86 privilege level), it can be preempted; when it runs in kernel mode (at the most-trusted level, ring 0), it cannot. | | | These instructions don't generate a memory lock and can't ensure that only a single processor is accessing the memory. | | | A PSD, similar in concept to (but much simpler than) the Windows NT HAL (hardware abstraction layer), co ntains code to support the low-level functions of initialization, processor management, hardware interrupt management, and interprocessor communications. |
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http://www.byte.com/art/9406/sec11/art2.htm
(1856 words)
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| | KernelDriver Windows - speed up the development of high performance kernel mode device drivers |
| | KernelDriver offers you an intuitive and powerful graphical development environment, to simplify hardware access and driver code generation Complete set of functions to ease the task of hardware access and control. | | | WinDriver™ for Windows automates and simplifies the development of user mode Windows device drivers for PCI/ PCI Express / CardBus / ISA / USB/PCMCIA / PMC / PCI-X / PCI-104 and CompactPCI. |
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http://www.findapp.com/fmgmt/pdetails.aspx?PID=8725
(703 words)
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| | Sealing the kernel |
| | The goal of this project is to create a linux module which will seal the kernel so that arbitrary kernel mode access is not given to root. | | | Another approach which might be even easier is to use 'lids' for everything here. | | | It's somewhat scary to ponder the possibility that such a large and vital binary has total access to any location in memory. |
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http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~jcl/linux/seal.html
(995 words)
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| | freshmeat.net: Project details for Kernel Mode Linux |
| | Kernel Mode Linux is a technology which enables the execution of user programs in a kernel mode. | | | Unlike kernel modules, user programs are executed as ordinary processes (except for their privilege level), so scheduling and paging are performed as usual. | | | Kernel Mode Linux - For Linux 2.4 branch |
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http://freshmeat.net/projects/kml
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| | Choosing User Mode or Kernel Mode |
| | To develop a new printer graphics DLL that executes in user mode, you can continue to use all the graphics DDI functions used by kernel-mode DLLs. | | | Therefore, for Windows® 2000 and later, you can design a printer graphics DLL to execute in either kernel mode or user mode. | | | All other Eng-prefixed functions available to kernel-mode printer graphics DLLs are also available in user mode. |
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http://www.osronline.com/ddkx/graphics/drvarch_2ief.htm
(534 words)
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| | KernelDriver Linux - Kernel Mode Device Driver Development Tool |
| | Use the same kernel mode hardware access code for Linux and for Windows. | | | Fast and easy development: KernelDriver encapsulate and automate many of the tedious tasks involved in kernel mode driver development. | | | for Linux automates and simplifies the development of kernel mode Linux device drivers for PCI / CardBus / ISA / ISAPnP / EISA / PMC / PCI-X and CompactPCI hardware. |
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http://www.jungo.com/kerneldriver_linux.html
(515 words)
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| | Antimail : Advanced C++ features and Kernel-mode programming don't mix |
| | I was just reading recently a whitepaper from the Microsoft web site, describing how you you should use C++ features in the context of kernel-mode programming. | | | Frankly any plan that has you using complex programming constructs while at elevated IRQL is a loser to start with; you should do the least possible and queue something to run at PASSIVE level which is pagable. | | | Certain considerations make a lot of sense, for example #3. |
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http://blogs.msdn.com/adioltean/archive/2005/04/24/411356.aspx
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| | Windows Server speeds along at 64 bit |
| | These Windows 2003 Server x64 kernel options let certain processes run at the kernel code level - in our test case SSL certificate processing, caching and session handling. | | | The Windows Server 2003 x64 native-kernel SSL session load was fast (207,202 sessions), but not as fast as RHEL 4.0 (251,024 sessions). | | | When compared with other 64-bit operating systems (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 [RHEL 4.0] Advance Server and Solaris 10), Windows Server 2003 x64 has a 15% to 20% performance advantage. |
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http://www.networkworld.com/reviews/2005/053005-test-windows.html
(1671 words)
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| | IIS: Using Kernel-Mode SSL in Windows 2003 Server SP1 |
| | Because of the lack of support for these features (particularly client certificates), careful evaluation needs to be undertaken in your environment to determine whether kernel mode SSL will enable your users to continue using your exposed functionality. | | | IIS: Using Kernel-Mode SSL in Windows 2003 Server SP1 | | | Kernel Mode SSL is enabled by setting a registry key, however the current implementation does have some drawbacks, so careful evaluation is required before enabling this functionality. |
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http://www.adopenstatic.com/faq/IISKernelSSL.aspx
(402 words)
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| | Ring 0 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Ring 0 is the most privileged of four privilege levels in the x86 processor architecture, and is treated as kernel mode. | | | For the 2000 Japanese cult horror film, see Ring 0: Birthday. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_0
(58 words)
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| | Blue Screen When Closing Kernel Mode Handles from User Mode |
| | In Windows NT 4.0, if a kernel mode component closed an already closed handle, a blue screen error would occur. | | | Microsoft has confirmed this to be a problem in Microsoft Windows NT version 4.0. | | | User mode programs that close a handle that was opened up by a kernel mode component may cause a blue screen error message. |
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http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/q160/6/50.asp
(207 words)
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| | Articles: Microsoft Word 2003 to improves performance by using kernel mode. |
| | This often unnecessary protection feature comes at a huge cost to performance. | | | christopher baus writes: To satisify Microsoft's relentless pursuit of desktop performance, Word 2003 will now include a major kernel mode reimplementation. | | | We will still support "user mode" for other developers which might not have Microsoft's high quality standards." |
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http://www.slashnot.com/article.php3?story_id=264&submit=print
(254 words)
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| | win32 programmer gdi GDI in Kernel Mode |
| | All I need is a way to get a screenshot of my desktop window (in Kernel Mode). | | | You could win a share of $500 by taking part in our message board quality post program! | | | I guess EngBitBlt, which is equivalent to BitBlt (user mode), is the function that I need, but I don't know how to initialize GDI and set its parameters. |
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http://www.eggheadcafe.com/ng/microsoft.public.win32.programmer.gdi/post20454913.asp
(82 words)
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| | Remoting Your Toaster Using Kernel |
| | Before jumping into TDI development, you need to have a firm understanding of Windows device driver design, development and debugging techniques. | | | But what if your problem is to implement both your network client and your network server in kernel-mode? | | | TDI seems complex because it is a flexible, generalized and extensible interface designed to provide a single common interface for a wide variety of different network protocols. |
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http://www.wd-3.com/archive/RemoteToaster.htm
(3868 words)
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| | NT Kernel Resources :: View topic - kernel mode = yes, Application mode = ? |
| | But this is packet level filtering (it is not possible to determine application context on the NDIS level). | | | WinpkFilter allows you implementing packet filtering technologies in both user or kernel mode (the one you choose depends from your expirience and requirements). | | | I understand winPKfilter can operate at both kernel and user modes. |
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http://ntkernel.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=466&sid=d7755e3611a2f0941f304b0b...
(571 words)
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| | KernelDriver - Develop Kernel Mode Drivers on Windows and Linux |
| | KernelDriver - Develop Kernel Mode Drivers on Windows and Linux | | | is a toolkit designed for the development of non-monolithic (layered or mini-port) USB/PCI driver architecture for Windows and Linux (up to kernel 2.4). | | | If your driver architecture permits, use WinDriver as the default tool - WinDriver architecture enables the development of high performance drivers in the user-mode without the need for any kernel knowledge. |
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http://www.jungo.com/kerneldriver.html
(73 words)
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| | SourceForge.net: User-mode Linux kernel port |
| | The result is a user-mode virtual machine and a kernel which can be debugged and developed using all of the usual process-level tools. | | | The user-mode kernel port is a port of the Linux kernel which runs in a set of processes. | | | Provide feedback on this page Recently changed page Site Status |
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http://sourceforge.net/projects/user-mode-linux
(131 words)
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| | NT and WDM Drivers - Kernel Mode Systems |
| | Copyright © 2000 Kernel Mode Systems, Jamie E. Hanrahan. | | | A "driver" is a set of routines that implements the device-specific aspects of generic I/O operations... | | | Under Windows 2000, kernel mode drivers handle all I/O devices. |
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http://www.cmkrnl.com
(92 words)
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| | Writing WDM Kernel Mode Device Drivers for Windows - OSR Public Seminars |
| | However, the over-arching concepts presented in this class, including operating system architecture, I/O subsystem details, PnP details, and the development and debugging process, apply equally to all kernel mode drivers under Windows. | | | Following this, the course delves into the details of the Windows Driver Model (WDM) that are common to all Windows device drivers, including Plug and Play and the I/O Subsystem. | | | The flow of an I/O request, from user to device and back, is traced through the various layers and drivers in the system. |
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http://www.osr.com/seminars_wkmddw2_3dl.shtml
(914 words)
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| | The Linux Kernel |
| | The purpose of Adeos is to provide a flexible environment for sharing hardware resources among multiple operating systems, or among multiple instances of a single OS. | | | interpreter alongside the Linux kernel so you can push Scheme code into the kernel. | | | For instance, we have successfully inserted the Adeos nanokernel beneath the Linux kernel, opening a full range of new possibilities, notably in the fields of SMP clustering, patchless kernel debugging and real-time systems for GNU/Linux. |
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http://www.ntlug.org/~cbbrowne/linuxkernel.html
(584 words)
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| | Viruslist.com - Watershed in malicious code evolution |
| | The successful implementation of rootkits on Windows systems is mainly due to lack of user education, as most users run their computers with admin privileges, an essential condition for a rootkit to be successfully installed on the system. | | | Overall, TrojWare is increasing steadily, and the average growth rate is higher than that of any other category. | | | Virus writers have also shifted their focus from user mode rootkits to kernel mode rootkits: the latter are increasing in number because kernel mode rootkits can hide more information. |
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http://www.viruslist.com/en/analysis?pubid=167798878
(3365 words)
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| | Re: rand() in while in kernel mode |
| | Look at get_random_bytes() in devices/char/random.c Note that I don't know if this function will block, as /dev/random will, or if it will generate entropy-extended bytes, as /dev/urandom will, when the entropy pool runs dry. | | | On Thu, Feb 21, 2002 at 08:35:20PM +0200, Tomas Ukkonen wrote: > What is a good way to get (quality) random numbers while in a interrupt > handler and/or in kernel mode or should I generate them myself? | | | Next by Date: What's the reason for "alloc_skb called nonatomically from interrupt" |
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http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/2002-02/msg00151.html
(158 words)
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| | Monitor Win2K Kernel-Mode Modules |
| | But Verifier's ability to identify a problematic kernel module lets you check out a new server or new system software before you install it on the network. | | | Kernel-mode modules are generally more powerful (which makes them attractive to developers) but also more capable of accidentally damaging another kernel-mode program's memory areas. | | | Stated very simply, all Win2K and Windows NT pieces are either kernel mode or user mode. |
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http://www.windowsitpro.com/Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=15532
(977 words)
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| | Kernel Mode Fundamentals |
| | Kernel Enhancements for Windows Vista and Windows Server Longhorn | | | Everyone who develops kernel-mode drivers for the Microsoft® Windows® family of operating systems should understand fundamental operating system concepts and features, be familiar with their effects on the design and operation of kernel-mode drivers, and keep current with the changes and enhancements introduced in each new version of Windows. | | | Windows Kernel Plug and Play/Power Management [Online chat; March 4, 2004] |
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http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/driver/kernel/default.mspx
(185 words)
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| | USENIX 2001 Technical Program - Abstract |
| | In particular, the ``Adaptive Fast Path Architecture'' (AFPA) is described and then used to implement kernel-mode Web servers on Linux and Windows 2000. | | | AFPA is a platform for implementing kernel-mode network servers on production operating systems without kernel modifications. | | | To become a USENIX Member, please see our Membership Information. |
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http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix01/joubert.html
(364 words)
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| | PCAUSA - Network Software Development Toolkits |
| | If you are a developer that wants to use TDI for TCP/IP networking from your kernel mode driver or need to perform filtering at the TDI level (below Winsock), consider starting with the Advanced TDI Samples from PCAUSA. | | | These samples demonstrate how to use the Windows transport data interface (TDI) API to access the Microsoft TCP/IP protocol from Windows NT and Windows 2000 kernel mode drivers. | | | The Advanced TDI Samples also include a PassThru TDI Filter sample that can be extended to filter the TCP and UDP interface below Winsock. |
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http://www.pcausa.com
(1052 words)
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| | kernel mode checkpointing |
| | I know about the Mosix project but it is incomplete... | | | Is there any other piece of work happening somewhere at the kernel level Yours Guillaume -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. | | | Hi, I would like to know if there is any kernel related project dealing with checkpointing. |
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http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/2003-11/msg00157.html
(127 words)
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| | Kernel-mode Approaches |
| | For example, most commercial operating systems include kernel-mode file servers. | | | Kernel-mode Web servers have been implemented in the context of both production and experimental operating systems. | | | Migration of services considered integral to a server's operation into the kernel is not a new idea. |
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http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix01/full_papers/joubert/joubert_html/node8.html
(252 words)
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| | Nerditorium, MSJ, January 1999 |
| | In addition, collected data can be used and referenced without abandon. | | | This is why the event handle is "pulsed" in kernel-mode, rather than being set in kernel-mode and reset in user mode, which would be ideal. | | | The Windows 2000 I/O Manager has provisions for creating named kernel-mode objects that can be attached to and monitored by user-mode processes. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/msj/0199/nerd/nerd0199.aspx
(2390 words)
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| | (Question) + RE: kernel mode implementation |
| | I also want to implement L2TP data part in kernel-mode. | | | Do you have the L2TP's source in solaris 6,7,8? | | | -----Original Message----- From: owner-l2tpd@marko.net [mailto:owner-l2tpd@marko.net]On Behalf Of Nirmala vinnakota Sent: Thursday, April 19, 2001 2:13 PM To: l2tpd@marko.net Subject: kernel mode implementation hi can anyone give me some hints as to how to proceed with the design involving kernel-mode implementation of l2tpd ? |
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http://l2tpd.graffl.net/msg00364.html
(115 words)
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| | NT Drivers - FAQ - Index |
| | Editor and principal author: Jamie E. Hanrahan, Kernel Mode Systems (jeh@cmkrnl.com) | | | 1.4 So, how do I know if I need a kernel mode driver? | | | 4.1 Okay, I need to write a kernel mode driver. |
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http://www.cmkrnl.com/faq.html
(142 words)
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| | Kernel-mode Linux |
| | Now, you *develop* your VoIP NAT mangler as a user space app, which is | | | kernel module to parse ASN1 gives me the creeps...) and when it's mature | | | 'kernel mode' and 'user mode' become blurred, eg: the privileges |
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http://www.zgp.org/linux-elitists/20021210193421.GQ31966@zork.net.html
(1114 words)
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