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| | WPS:LGP 21 |
 | | The LGP computers' memory is, from a programmers view, 31 bits wide. | | | Luckily, the LGP machines are also 2's complement, so there's only one zero. | | | Further, the LGP-21 Programmers Manual goes on about other olde-tyme ideas of a fixed binary point (it's of course anywhere you want it to be, as long as you are consistent) which really reflect just how new and boggling all this talk of programs as data, recursion, subroutining, and all that now-routine junk was. |
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http://wps.com/projects/LGP-21
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| | BRL Report 1964 |
| | LGP 30 MANUFACTURER Librascope Div., General Precision Inc. | | | PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary Binary digits/word 30 Binary digits/instruction 30 Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 32 + Variations Arithmetic system Fixed point Two's complement arithmetic is used. | | | Arithmetic mode Serial Timing Synchronous Operation Sequential STORAGE No. of No. of Binary Access Medium Words Digits/Word Microsec Magnetic Disk 4,096 30 5,000 (Avg) The disk rotates at 6,000 revolutions/minute. |
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http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL64-l.html
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| | Drum memory - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography |
| | Librascope LGP-30 (http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL64-l.html#LGP-30) – The drum memory computer referenced in the above story, also referenced on Librascope_LGP-30. | | | Librascope RPC-4000 (http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL64-r.html#RPC-4000) – Another drum memory computer referenced in the above story |
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http://www.arikah.com/encyclopedia/Drum_memory
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| | Langara College - Computing Science and Information Systems |
| | We offer a wide-ranging collection of more than 30 courses in the following subject areas, most of which are transferable to the university level. | | | Graduates of our programs can always build on what they know and may take advanced courses from Langara or a university once they have completed the necessary prerequisites. |
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http://www.langara.bc.ca/csis
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| | 15.002 UNIVERSAL CIRCUIT CARDS, Science Service Historical Image Collection |
| | Librascope's approach to the problem was to make careful and analytical consideration of the basic design parameters of each class of computer to determine the general circuitry needed. | | | Librascope is a leading manufacturer of special and general purpose computers for military and commercial markets. | | | The computer field has long believed that the standardization and prefabrication of components and subassemblies which can be used in more than one special model of a computer is an impossible concept. |
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http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/scienceservice/015002.htm
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| | WPS:LGP 21 |
| | The LGP computers' memory is, from a programmers view, 31 bits wide. | | | Luckily, the LGP machines are also 2's complement, so there's only one zero. | | | Further, the LGP-21 Programmers Manual goes on about other olde-tyme ideas of a fixed binary point (it's of course anywhere you want it to be, as long as you are consistent) which really reflect just how new and boggling all this talk of programs as data, recursion, subroutining, and all that now-routine junk was. |
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http://www.wps.com/LGP-21
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| | WPS:LGP 21:Documentation |
| | 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 s x x x... | | | The factory documentation says that words in memory are '31 bits with a spacer' or '30 bits with a sign'. | | | Memory address is 12 bits, stored in bits 18 - 29, with bits 30 and 31 ignored, and generally 0-filled. |
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http://www.wps.com/projects/LGP-21/Documentation/arithmetic.html
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| | Librascope LGP-30 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The LGP-30, made by the Librascope division of General Precision, Inc., was one of the earliest computers built on a personal scale. | | | Librascope tried to build a usable computer with a minimal amount of hardware. | | | It displayed the output from the register read heads, allowing you to actually see the bits. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librascope_LGP-30
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| | Nat' Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs V.75 (1998) |
| | The computer, a Librascope LGP-30, turned out to be inadequate and error prone, but Lick learned to program on it. | | | Fortunately for Lick, Digital Equipment Corporation, founded in 1957 by Ken Olsen and Norm Andersen to build digital components, decided in 1958 to produce a small transistorized computer, the PDP-1, similar to the TX0 computer on which the two founders had worked at Lincoln Laboratory. | | | BBN was trying to expand its activities and agreed to purchase a small computer for Lick. |
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http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309062950/html/197.html
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| | BRL Report 1964 |
| | LGP 30 MANUFACTURER Librascope Div., General Precision Inc. | | | LGP 21 MANUFACTURER Librascope Div., General Precision Inc. | | | Photo by Librascope Division APPLICATIONS System is designed for scientific computations, e.g statistical analysis, operations research, war gaming bridge and highway design, aeronautical, chemical, electronic, hydraulic, mechanical, mining, nuclear, optical, biological, physical and mathematical research; and data processing, e.g. |
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http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL64-l.html
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| | Drum memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Librascope LGP-30 – The drum memory computer referenced in the above story, also referenced on Librascope LGP-30. | | | Librascope RPC-4000 – Another drum memory computer referenced in the above story | | | This page was last modified 05:32, 19 October 2005. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_memory
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| | No Title |
| | First-generation computers like the Bendix G-15, Alwac III-E, or Librascope LGP-30 achieved low cost by using a drum memory, which was incapable of high-speed random access to data. | | | Small, inexpensive drum-based computers such as the Bendix G-15, the Librascope LGP-30, and the Alwac III-E found a decent market in the late 1950s, although their use of vacuum tubes and their architecture differentiate them from the minicomputers of the 1960s. | | | The ENIAC, with its emphasis on numerical processing for classified military customers, was the ancestor of the supercomputer, while the UNIVAC I, optimized for business data processing, was an early mainframe. |
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http://www.cs.union.edu/~hemmendd/Courses/cs40/History/digcomphist.html
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| | Stan Frankel |
| | The LGP-30 may well be considered the first personal computer. | | | It was first built by Librascope and LGP stood for Librascope General Purpose. Then General Precision of Glendale, California bought Librascope and LGP became Librascope General Precision. However, General Precision was just the machines manufacturer. | | | However, no such computers appeared and GE eventually sold off its computer hardware business so its reasonable to assume that Frankel ran into design problems that were either too expensive to solve or that could not be solved at all. |
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http://www.hp9825.com/html/stan_frankel.html
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| | Computers Manufactured in 1986^H^H56 |
| | 55,000 BURROUGHS 204, Burroughs 112 200,000 and 205 IBM 650 RAMAC IBM 1500 182,000 LGP 30 General Precision 462 49,500 (Librascope Division) 1 WISC Univ. of Wisconsin 1 |
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http://www.classiccmp.org/pipermail/cctalk/2002-April/064422.html
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| | Coverage for src/mpi/coll/bcast.c.gcov |
| | -: 30: Cost = lgp.alpha + n.lgp.beta -: 31: -: 32: For long messages, we do a scatter followed by an allgather. | | | Therefore, for long messages and when lgp > 2, -: 53: this algorithm will perform better. |
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http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/mpi/mpich2/todo/coverage/src/mpi/coll/bcast.c.htm
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| | HNF - Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum |
| | An LGP 30 - a "small" computer featuring a drum memory - can be seen in the exhibition. | | | Joachim Lehmann at the University of Dresden designed his own small computer, the D4a, and had it built in series at Büromaschinenwerk (office machine works) Cellatron in Zella-Mehlis. | | | Schoppe und Faeser in Minden, a company that had made a name for itself after the war with mechanical differential analyzers, marketed systems based on designs by the American Librascope company. |
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http://www.hnf.de/museum/compnachkriegs_en.html
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| | SNOCOM development |
| | Out of the blue the design of a small commercial US computer, the LGP-30, was published by its designer, Stanley Frankel, in early 1957. | | | David Wong, with ADA's designer Murray Allen, set about expanding the LGP-30's description to a complete logical design. | | | The Librascope General Purpose computer used valve logic and a drum memory and was surprisingly similar, in a general way, to ADA. |
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http://www.acms.org.au/history/SNOCOM/t0000103.htm
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| | A Brief History |
| | The Burroughs E101, Bendix G-15, and Librascope LGP-30 emerged from this effort. | | | It could solve systems of up to 30 simultaneous linear equations. | | | In the mid 1950's, several manufacturers began to focus attention on the development of "small-scale" computers. |
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http://www.csee.wvu.edu/~jdm/classes/cs455/notes/tech/history.html
(1677 words)
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| | Part19 |
| | The LGP-30 continued to be used after an IBM 1620 was installed in May 1961 and was finally shut down in the middle of 1963. | | | Use of the LGP-30 continued to increase in the late 1950s. | | | An article appearing in The Edmonton Journal on November 22, 1960 said that the University's computer, which was referred to as a "30 computer", was being used twenty-four hours a day and seven days a week. |
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http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/ComputerAndMe/Part19.html
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| | The First Generation, 1950 - 1960 |
| | An electromechanical device, it was slow, but its reliability and low cost made it suitable for small-scale machines like the IBM 650, Bendix G-15, Alwac III-E, and Librascope LGP-30. | | | By far the most popular memory technique for first generation machines was the rotating magnetic drum. |
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http://homepages.transy.edu/~jmiller/web706/pf33.htm
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| | Friden Flexowriter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Flexowriter was also used as an input/output device for some early computers, such as the Librascope LGP-30 and the DEC PDP-1. | | | It was also used instead of a key punch for off-line program and data entry. | | | Because of this and the better quality printing produced by its IBM-designed typewriter mechanism, the Flexowriter could be used by itself to automate the production of office documents such as form letters. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexowriter
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| | More on Interpreters (Programmer's Toolbox) |
| | When I had transferred to a company using the System 360, I discovered, somewhat to my horror, that the object decks it produced were typically about 30% to 40% larger than the source decks, thanks to inefficiency in every aspect of the 360’s design. | | | While they waited for their results to come back from NASA via courier, I was getting 20 to 30 turnarounds per day. | | | It was, to my knowledge, the only computer ever built whose compilers produced.obj files larger than the source files. |
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http://www.embedded.com/98/9806pt.htm
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| | LGP-30.readme |
| | From thacher@renbourn.unx.sas.com Fri Mar 26 03:45:24 1993 From: thacher@renbourn.unx.sas.com (Clarke Thacher) Newsgroups: alt.binaries.pictures.misc Subject: lgp30.jpg (1/1) {old computer} Date: 25 Mar 93 00:46:43 GMT This is a picture of an LGP-30, manufactured by Librascope in about 1960. | | | It has been described as the minicomputer of the vacuum tube era. |
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http://ftp.se.kde.org/pub/pictures/computer/LGP-30.readme
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| | Columbia U Org 1 Problem Sched |
| | 7 Alkenes and Alkynes I. Properties and Synthesis: 18-24, 26, 30, 33-35, 37, 38, 41, 49*, lgp 1,3. | | | 2 Representative Carbon Compounds: 19-28, 30, 32-34, 37, 38*, lgp 1, 3-5. | | | 5 Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules: 30-31, 33, 35a-m, 37, 38*, 39*, lgp 1. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/itc/chemistry/chem-s3443/s3443d_hw2000.html
(437 words)
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| | C:\BELLBO~1\COMPUT~1\HTMFILES\00000161.HTM |
| | The small, scientific computers from Bendix (G-15) and Librascope (LGP-30) had longer word lengths and cost less than the PDP-1, but they were slower because of their serial design which was dictated by the use of a drum as primary memory. | | | This slow speed limited the utility of these machines in computation, control, and laboratory applications. | | | Because of its short word length and high speed, the PDP-l was particularly suited to the laboratory and scientific control applications that were to emerge later in the second generation. |
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http://www.research.microsoft.com/users/gbell/Computer_Engineering/00000161.htm
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| | Re: Cross-platform programming question... |
| | "Michael J. Mahon" wrote: > > [snip...] [snip...] [snip...] > > (BTW, hex digits were not always 0-9 + A-F. Early in the history > of computing, the Librascope LGP-30 used hex notation (because > its words were a multiple of 4 bits) and chose 0-9 + p-u! | | | Please check out one of the premium Usenet Newsgroup Service Providers below for access to Usenet. |
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http://www.usenet.com/newsgroups/comp.sys.apple2/msg01752.html
(116 words)
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| | The Guest Register |
| | We need info about the internal circuits of: Librascope LGP-30 Magnafile series Burroughs E101, E102 Monrobot III Underwood Elecom 50 and any other schematics/data you might have for tube computing equipment. | | | Greenville, NC 27858 - Thursday, January 30, 1997 at 09:25:40 (EST) | | | Baltimore, MD - Thursday, January 30, 1997 at 04:03:32 (EST) |
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http://virtualmuseum.dlib.vt.edu/GuestRegister-1997.html
(6181 words)
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| | Consult |
| | Shortly after the completion of the course Douglas Aircraft got two new small computers one called the LGP-30, built by General Precision's Librascope. | | | It was simply meant to teach one how to program. |
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http://www.rockisland.com/~bbryner/consult.htm
(1474 words)
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| | Annotations |
| | ADD TIME MULTIPLY TIME DIVIDE TIME MICROSECONDS MICROSECONDS MICROSECONDS SYSTEM 8,000 17,000 17,000 LGP 30 500 17,000 17,000 RPC 4000 | | | Core memory is a type of random-access memory that stores bits by changing the magnetic field of a small magnetic doughnut. | | | In contrast, your PC at home is likely to have identical add and multiply times of about 10 nanoseconds, or.01 microseconds. |
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http://www.cs.utah.edu/~elb/folklore/mel-annotated/node2.html
(6949 words)
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| | hexnotation |
| | ;-) (BTW, hex digits were not always 0-9 + A-F. Early in the history of computing, the Librascope LGP-30 used hex notation (because its words were a multiple of 4 bits) and chose 0-9 + p-u! | | | It's a shame that hex (and binary, for that matter) didn't get the first-class, single-prefix-character treatment that octal gets, but that's history for you. |
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http://www.apple2.org.za/mirrors/ground.icaen.uiowa.edu/MiscInfo/Misc/hexnotation
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