|
| |
| | Ubykh language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | As well, the pharyngealised <b>labialb> consonants [pˁ pˁʼ] are almost exclusively noted in words where they are associated with another pharyngealised consonant (for instance, qˁʼaapˁʼa handful), but are occasionally found outside this context (the verb root tʼapˁʼ is an example, meaning to explode, to burst). | | | Labialisation is present on all classes barring the glottal, bilabial, labiodental and retroflex consonants; palatalisation may be noted on uvulars and velars. | | | All other NWC languages possess true pharyngeal consonants, but Ubykh is the only language to use pharyngealisation as a feature of secondary articulation. |
|
http://www.sevenhills.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Ubykh_language
(3227 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Tower of Babel |
| | It is interesting that, adjacent to <b>labialb> consonants, the non-labialized reflex a¢ is preserved in PN (unlike some other cases, where we see the labializing influence of <b>labialb> consonants, see comm. | | | <b>Labialb> and velar (sometimes hushing as well) consonants occupy an intermediate position in their "pharyngealization attraction". | | | In most modern East-Caucasian languages, initial combinations of consonants are not allowed; the situation in such languages as Lezghian or Tabasaran, where in some cases, as a result of reduction of narrow vowels of the first syllable, new initial clusters have appeared, is certainly secondary. |
|
http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/pref3.htm
(7005 words)
|
|
| |
| | STRONG INTERACTION BETWEEN FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSONANT DURATION - Title |
| | The differences in duration between Coronal and <b>Labialb> consonants are statistically significant for the word-medial position (p<=0.001, two-tailed WMPSR test on the values in figures 2, both speakers combined, n=16), but not for the word-initial position, (p>0.05, n=12). | | | Differences between stressed and unstressed consonants are large in initial and medial position and erratic in final position. | | | All intervocalic consonants (VCV, also crossing word boundaries) of non-clitics and non-sentence final words were isolated and analyzed. |
|
http://fonsg3.let.uva.nl/IFA-publications/Eurospeech97/A0456/A0456.html
(2668 words)
|
|
| |
| | roa-282-zoll-1.doc |
| | The optimal (6b), passes on this constraint because its only <b>labialb> consonant, /p/, is in the onset. | | | In the optimal (8b) the coda consonant has lost its labiality thereby reducing the number of violations of the context independent markedness constraint *<b>labialb>. | | | Negative positional markedness constraints such as License(<b>labialb>) ban <b>labialb> consonants from weak positions while positive Positional Markedness constraints such as License(complex segment) specifically relegate complex structures to strong positions. |
|
http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/282-0998/roa-282-zoll-1.doc
(5288 words)
|
|
| |
| | Mambila Fricative Vowels |
| | There appears to be little reason, then, to add labiodentalized or palatalized consonants to the phonetic inventory of Len, claim this is precipitated by the high central unrounded vowel, and then subsequently have to argue that this feature spreads back to the vowel, or syllable nucleus. | | | In looking at the first degree (`superclose') vowels of many Bantu languages, and their spirantizing effect on preceding consonants, Zoll proposes that these vowels be defined as [+consonantal], in order to distinguish them from high vowels and capture their influence on preceding consonants. | | | To summarize this section, from the distributional evidence examined it is apparent there is one vowel in Len which may be termed a fricative vowel. |
|
http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/dz/ACAL28/ACAL28paper.html
(3724 words)
|
|
| |
| | Syllable Structure and the Distribution of Phonemes in English Syllables |
| | , computing the expected frequencies under the null hypothesis that consonants would be evenly distributed between onset and coda. | | | In informal terms, if one has to add a consonant to an already long rime, it is best that that additional consonant be as short as possible. | | | The fact that consonants have a different distribution in the coda than in the onset, quite apart from any association with the vowel (Study 1) can also be referred to the same structure: Consonants have a different distribution within the rime than outside it. |
|
http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~bkessler/SyllStructDistPhon/CVC.html
(8182 words)
|
|
| |
| | Consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | For example, in English, the sound [m] in "mud" is a consonant, but in "prism", it occupies an entire syllable, as a vowel would. | | | The following tables list all the consonants listed by the IPA. | | | Dictionary of All-Consonant Words (http://www.oneletterwords.com): a free online dictionary with over 1,000 words with no vowels and examples of usage from literature. |
|
http://www.lexington-fayette.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Consonant
(730 words)
|
|
| |
| | Contemporary Liotan Languages |
| | All medial velar and <b>labialb> fricatives vocalised: AIBHEIL "wall-tile" > ely, cf. | | | Compared to the other languages, Astarien had fewer consonants but more vowels: | | | The plurals of nouns ending in a consonant or -a were often accompanied by a change of vowel or consonant; both of these may be seen in sus "place", which had the plural soeten. |
|
http://www.cix.co.uk/~morven/lang/l_others.html
(6328 words)
|
|
| |
| | Institute of Phonetic Sciences, |
| | This generalization over plosives and nasals is typical of the articulatory <b>labialb> gesture, which does not care whether the nasopharyngeal port is open or not, whereas the divergent behaviour of plosives and nasals in melted versus canned is exactly what is expected from a perceptually conditioned phenomenon. | | | If Semitic roots must always be analysed as satisfying the OCP on the consonantal level, we can expect morphological and phonological rules to work on the two reflexes of the second consonant of biconsonantal roots. | | | [6] It may be relevant that the epenthesis originated at a time that the language must still have had geminate consonants. |
|
http://fonsg3.let.uva.nl/Proceedings/Proceedings22/PaulBoersmaB/PaulBoersma1998b.html
(7111 words)
|
|
| |
| | Encyclopedia: <b>Labialb>-velar consonant |
| | Labialisation is a secondary articulatory feature of phonemes in a language, most usually used to refer to consonants. | | | Labials are consonants articulated either with both lips (bilabial articulation) or with the lower lip and the upper teeth (labiodental articulation). | | | <b>Labialb>-velar consonants are doubly articulated at the velum and the lips. |
|
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Labial_velar-consonant
(1194 words)
|
|
| |
| | A crosslinguistic lexicon of the <b>labialb> flap |
| | Doke (1931:224) reports a <b>labialb> flap in the Rozi dialect of Kalanga (the in “Rozi” is an “alveolar labialized voiced fricative”). | | | This comprehensive language listing not only documents the data upon which our observations are made, it is also intended to serve as a useful time-saving resource for future research on the <b>labialb> flap—bringing together as it does much published and unpublished data, often extremely difficult to locate. | | | The <b>labialb> flap is attested in one Platoid language. |
|
http://journals.dartmouth.edu/webobjbin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/1/xmlpage/1/article/262?htmlAlways=yes
(2920 words)
|
|
| |
| | vivamalta.org - Early Indo-European Languages |
| | An uncontested peculiarity of the sound system of the protolanguage, for example, is the near absence, or suppression, of one of the three consonants "p," "b" or "v," which are labials (consonants sounded with the lips). | | | On that basis we decided to reexamine the entire system of consonants posited for the protolanguage, and as early as 1972, we proposed a new system of consonants for the language. | | | In the glottalic it has the voiceless consonant *k'Wou- (the asterisk before a word designates it as a word in the protolanguage), which makes it phonetically closer to the corresponding words in English and German than to those in Greek and Sanskrit. |
|
http://www.vivamalta.org/forum/showthread.php?t=2414
(4188 words)
|
|
| |
| | Citations: Stop consonant discrimination based on human audition - Searle (ResearchIndex) |
| | ....(corresponding to <b>labialb>, alveolar and velar consonants) were used to classify the six stop consonants according to the place of articulation. | | | The database consisted of CV syllables with the six stop consonants in several vowel.... | | | The problem is more likely to be that the number of model parameters and training examples which are theoretically required [9] by any one stage classifier with such a high dimensional input to achieve optimal performance.... |
|
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/context/1010513/0
(496 words)
|
|
| |
| | Consonant - MindSharer Article Archive |
| | For example, in English, the sound [m] in "mud" is a consonant, but in "prism", it occupies an entire syllable, as a vowel would. | | | The following tables list all the consonants listed by the IPA. | | | Since the number of consonants in the world's languages is much greater than the number of consonant letters in most alphabets, linguists have devised systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to assign a unique symbol to each possible consonant. |
|
http://articles.mindsharer.com/html/Consonants
(660 words)
|
|
| |
| | LINGUIST List 7.860: palatal nasals |
| | hawaii.edu (David Stampe) Many of the Munda (phylum Austroasiatic) languages of India have alveo-palatal vs alveolar, velar, and <b>labialb> nasals in syllable and word final position. | | | The only qualification is that the velar nasal in phonetic representations is from underlying Nas plus velar obstruent (the latter deleted in word-final position but not before a V); the <b>labialb>, palatal, and alveolar nasals are all underlying. | | | Also, as the second example shows, in verbal morphology, the subjunctive (or imperative) forms generally is marked by palatalization of the root consonant. |
|
http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/7/7-860.html
(1256 words)
|
|
| |
| | LINGUIST List 13.2072: Ventriloquists & <b>Labialb> Consonants |
| | Sum: Ventriloquists and <b>labialb> consonants Quite a few months ago I posted this question about ventriloquists and <b>labialb> consonants: One of my students in my intro linguistics class asked today, as we were finishing up phonetics, how ventriloquists make <b>labialb> consonants without moving their lips ??? | | | chass.utoronto.ca> Dear Dr. Tenny, Last term, I contrived to satisfy my own curiosity about ventriloquism by putting the question "How do ventriloquists make or simulate <b>labialb> consonants?" on a list of suggested topics for a research project in the second-year undergraduate phonetics course I was teaching. | | | linguist.org> > Subject: ventriloquists and <b>labialb> consonants > > > One of my students in my intro linguistics class asked today, as we were > finishing up phonetics, how ventriloquists make <b>labialb> consonants without > moving their lips ??? |
|
http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/linguist/issues/13/13-2072.html
(2705 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vocabulary As You Need It: Vocabulary Grouped by Linguistic Rule Structures |
| | For example, a work sheet of vocabulary selected for words with <b>labialb> stops and alveolar stops was devised so that children who are fronters could learn words containing the feature of stop without using their substitution errors of velar stops for alveolar stops. | | | This section has preselected the manner as stops and the place as <b>labialb>, alveolar, and velar as the main key sound targets. | | | The vocabulary words are presented so that errors of manner and place will not interfere with appropriate vocabulary learning. |
|
http://clas.uiuc.edu/fulltext/cl01558/cl01558.html
(6919 words)
|
|
| |
| | CONK! Encyclopedia: Writing |
| | In Korean Hangul, however, all four <b>labialb> consonants are based on the same basic element. | | | A glyph in a syllabary typically represents a consonant followed by a vowel, or just a vowel alone, though in some scripts more complex syllables (such as consonant-vowel-consonant, or consonant-consonant-vowel) may have dedicated glyphs. | | | In the Latin alphabet, this is accidentally the case with the letters b and p; however, <b>labialb> m is completely dissimilar, and the similar-looking q is not <b>labialb>. |
|
http://www.conk.com/search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Writing
(1659 words)
|
|
| |
| | Linguistics 105: Lecture No. 4 |
| | The natural classes of consonants are based on | | | Finally, like consonants, vowels may be characterized by (5) nasality. | | | Fricative Consonants are made by pressing the lips and the tongue in the same places but not enough to occlude the flow of air but to obstruct it just enough to cause friction: |
|
http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/linguistics/lectures/10lct15i.html
(397 words)
|
|
| |
| | Describing consonants |
| | In a fricative consonant, the articulators involved in the constriction approach get close enough to each other to create a turbluent airstream. | | | Which consonant you're pronouncing depends on where in the vocal tract the constriction is and how narrow it is. It also depends on a few other things, such as whether the vocal folds are vibrating and whether air is flowing through the nose. | | | In an alveolar consonant, the tongue tip (or less often the tongue blade) approaches or touches the alveolar ridge, the ridge immediately behind the upper teeth. |
|
http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/138/2001/artic/describing-consonants.html
(1375 words)
|
|
| |
| | Labiovelar consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It may mean <b>labialb>-velar (a consonant made at two places of articulation, one at the lips and the other at the soft palate), or it may mean labialized velar (a consonant with an approximant-like secondary articulation). | | | Labialized velars include [kʷ, gʷ, xʷ, ŋʷ], which are pronounced like a [k, g, x, ŋ] but with rounded lips. | | | <b>Labialb>-velar fricatives are not thought to be possible, since it is difficult to control the airstream precisely enough to produce frication at two places of articulation, and in any case the sound of the forward articulation would mask the other. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labiovelar_consonant
(262 words)
|
|
| |
| | asa726.html |
| | Articulatory kinematic data were collected for five subjects using electromagnetic articulography (EMA) to record target consonants (<b>labialb>, labiodental, and tongue tip), located in (1) either syllable final or initial position and (2) either at a phrase edge or phrase-medially: #C, ##C, C#, C##. | | | Interacting effects of phrasal and syllable position on consonant production. | | | The duration, displacement, and time-to-peak velocity of constriction formation and release were determined for the target consonants based on kinematic landmarks in the articulator velocity profiles (zero crossings and extrema). |
|
http://asa.aip.org/web2/asa/abstracts/search.nov04/asa726.html
(228 words)
|
|
| |
| | Hepburn |
| | The rendering m before <b>labialb> consonants is not used, being replaced with n. | | | It is written as m before other <b>labialb> consonants, i.e. | | | More technically, where syllables constructed systematically according to the Japanese syllabary contain the "unstable" consonant for the modern spoken language, the orthography is changed to something that, as an English speaker would pronounce it, better matches the real sound, for example し is written shi not *si. |
|
http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/H/Hepburn.htm
(1058 words)
|
|
| |
| | Brendanletters |
| | All <b>labialb> consonants in Iridian should theoretically be bilabial, but if you want to say them differently, that's your business and your accent. | | | The first two are analogous to the core symbols of the consonants, and they represent rounded and unrounded vowels. | | | All the brendanletter alveolar consonants also occur in English,where they are written [n], [s], [z], [t], and [d]. |
|
http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~bfurneau/iridian/letters.html
(4994 words)
|
|
| |
| | Table of Contents |
| | To evaluate production knowledge, spectral and temporal measures were obtained for CV sequences involving both lingual and <b>labialb> stop consonants. | | | Group differences on this task (such as larger transition slope values from lingual consonants to vowels for children with phonological disorders) were also observed. | | | These differences were interpreted as indicating that the children with phonological disorders were less able to maneuver jaw and tongue body separately or that they used “ballistic” (i.e., less controlled) gestures from lingual consonants to vowels than their age peers. |
|
http://www.asha.org/about/publications/journal-abstracts/jslhr/42/01?articleabstract=169
(279 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Language Construction Kit |
| | Consonants are formed by obstructing the flow of air from the lungs. | | | Also note that the voiced consonants, in the uppercase forms, are simply the unvoiced forms with a bar over them (this is a bit obscured with d and t), and that the letters for | | | A language might have just two palatalized consonants (Spanish does: ll, ñ), but one that has a whole series of them is more typical. |
|
http://www.zompist.com/kitlong.html
(4624 words)
|
|
| |
| | Anishinaabemowin Grammar |
| | The consonants of Anishinaabemowin are organized into groups in the table below. | | | Consonants can also be classified on the basis of where in the vocal tract they are made, or what is called their place of articulation. | | | Consonants can be classified on the basis of where in the vocal tract they are made (called their place of articulation), and the particular way that they are made (called their manner of articulation). |
|
http://hum.lss.wisc.edu/~jrvalent/AIS/Grammar/Phonology/Phonol008.html
(850 words)
|
|
| |
| | english and Japanese |
| | I see the use of <b>labialb>/velar consonants in the first singular/plural personal pronouns in contrast to dental/alveolar consonants in the second singular/plural personal pronouns even in the unrelated languages of the world. | | | I would like to know if anyone has studied the universal pattern of the words identifying the personal pronouns in different languages. | | | I am working on a list of the 1st and 2nd singular/plural personal pronpuns from 120 languages which display the existence of a "phonosemantic contrast" in naming the 1st and 2nd personal pronouns in various unrelated languages. |
|
http://www.trismegistos.com/_soundandsense/0000001f.htm
(266 words)
|
|
| |
| | abstract |
| | In affixation to verb stems with <b>labialb> consonants and round vowels, the vowel of the affix varies between the regular <b>labialb> [u] and the irregular coronal [i]. | | | The regular [u] occurring with the <b>labialb> consonant results in adjacent <b>labialb> segments, an OCP violation. | | | I attribute optionality in Nupe to two factors-the OCP and input complexity. |
|
http://www.ohiou.edu/alta/ahmad.htm
(376 words)
|
|
|
