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| | OSI model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The OSI reference model is a hierarchical structure of seven layers that defines the requirements for communications between two computers. | | | This OSI model is roughly adhered to in the computing and networking industry. | | | Typically, only the lower layers are implemented in hardware, with the higher layers being implemented in software. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model
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| | Network Protocol Levels |
| | The transport layer is the mechanism used for two computers to exchange data with regards to software. | | | The layers are arranged here from the lower levels starting with the physical (hardware) to the higher levels. | | | Assuming there is a direct connection between the two computers, the network interface card on machine B, will recognize its MAC address and grab the data. |
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http://www.comptechdoc.org/independent/networking/guide/netstandards.html
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| | RFC 941 - Addendum to the network service definition covering network layer addressing. International Organization for ... |
| | A Network Layer protocol which is capable of conveying a string of variable length with a maximum length of either 20 binary octets or 40 decimal digits is capable of encoding the full semantic content of any Network Address. | | | RFC 941 April 1985 Network Layer Addressing protocol specifications making reference to this Addendum shall specify the way in which either the decimal concrete syntax or the binary concrete syntax of the NSAP address (or both) is encoded as NPAI (see clause 6.1.3). | | | RFC 941 April 1985 Network Layer Addressing 8.2.1.2 Format and Allocation of the IDI A specific combination of IDI format and DSP abstract syntax is associated with each allocated AFI value, as summarized in Table 8-2: Table 8-2: AFI Values ___________________ |
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http://rfc.sunsite.dk/rfc/rfc941.html
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| | O'Reilly Network -- The Scholar's Approach to the Internet |
| | This layer may encompass the operating system on your computer, the network interface card, and its device driver. | | | This means that the manner in which computers and devices communicate on a network must adhere to this standard. | | | These are the components required for your computer to get a signal out onto the network. |
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http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2001/02/09/net_2nd_lang.html
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| | Mobility Management is a Network Layer Function |
| | Routing information (contained in the routers in the network) can be considered to be a form of distributed database, where a partial view of the network topology information is contained in each router. | | | Conventional data network routing table updates must be done frequently enough to prevent congestion in the event of a link or router failure or network reconfiguration. | | | Plug-and-play capability-certainly a factor in mobility-is supported in that a host only needs to determine its "network" value by querying a local router when the host is joined to a network. |
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http://www.leapforum.org/published/internetworkMobility/split/node22.html
(1006 words)
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| | RFC 2956 (rfc2956) - Overview of 1999 IAB Network Layer Workshop |
| | The goal of the workshop was to understand the state of the network layer and its impact on continued growth and usage of the Internet. | | | There are multiple causes for the loss of transparency, for example the deployment of network address translation devices, the use of private addresses, firewalls and application level gateways, proxies and caches. | | | Besides the computational load of calculating routing tables, the time it takes to distribute routing updates across the network, the robustness and security of the current routing system are also important issues. |
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http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2956.html
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| | Network protocols: Network Layer |
| | A host is essentially anything on the network that is capable of receiving and transmitting IP packets on the network, such as a workstation, server or a router. | | | The high-level IP-based networking software in a given station is aware of its own 32-bit IP address and can read the 48-bit Ethernet address of its network interface, but it doesn't know what the Ethernet addresses of other stations on the network may be. | | | Through the use of SNMP network devices such as routers can be configured by any host on the LAN. |
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http://www.geocities.com/dinbbil30/cor6.html
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| | Network Layer: Introduction and Service Models |
| | The network layer will then typically inform the end system on the other side of the network of the call termination, and update the data structures in the packet switches on the source-to-destination path to indicate that the connection no longer exists. | | | In a connectionless network (also referred to as a datagram network), the packet switches (called "routers" in the Internet) are unaware of an connection between two end systems. | | | In an analogous manner, some network layer architectures (e.g., ATM) requires that the routers along the chosen path from source to destination handshake with each other in order to setup state before data actually begins to flow. |
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http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/kurose/network/service/service.htm
(2729 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | To do this it uses a routing protocol to gain information about the network, and algorithms to choose the best route based on several criteria known as "routing metrics." In OSI terminology, a router is a Network Layer intermediate system. | | | Term used when describing different versions of the Berkeley UNIX software, as in "4.3BSD UNIX." catenet: A network in which hosts are connected to networks with varying characteristics, and the networks are interconnected by gateways (routers). | | | A university network in the U.K. JUNET: Japan UNIX Network. |
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http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1208.txt
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| | ISO/OSI Network Model |
| | The leading 1-3 bytes of the IP identify the network and the remaining bytes identifies the host on that network. | | | This layer defines the network hardware and device drivers. | | | The data link layer's protocol-specific header specifies the MAC address of the packet's source and destination. |
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http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/usail/network/nfs/network_layers.html
(754 words)
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| | PC Hardware reviews, overclocking, news - Master a network: Layer II 1/5 |
| | There are actually two aspects of a network's topology: the physical topology (the actual layout of the wires) and the logical topology (how data flows in a network). | | | The Data Link Layer deals with problems such as hardware addresses, network topologies and how computers on a network access the shared medium. | | | I've stated earlier that the Data Link Layer is where the network topology is defined. |
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http://www.pchardware.ro/Articles/article.php?id=124
(521 words)
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| | Network Protocol Categories |
| | Critical - The network, as designed, is useless without this ability. | | | Important - The network could function, but would be difficult to use and manage. | | | RPC allows remote computer to perform functions on other computers. |
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http://www.comptechdoc.org/independent/networking/guide/netcategories.html
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| | Paper 54 |
| | End host applications can add a byte string to the network (IP) header as a new type of IP option, and that header is looked up and/or rewritten at intermediate hops, using a separate set of loadable tables. | | | Although there have been a number of new recent network architectures, both at the peer-to-peer and network overlay levels, incremental deployment and management of these systems has been examined in a limited way. | | | Instead of focusing on the semantics of the addresses (pointers are a form thereof), it focuses on generalizing the indexing and rewriting capability present in various forms in all these earlier or alternate proposals, specifically allowing the indexing to occur in the network on the path. |
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http://www.isi.edu/touch/pubs/iwan2003
(4369 words)
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| | The Network Book |
| | The Network Book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to networking and distributed computing technologies. | | | You may not, however, retain copy in permanent storage, reproduce or distribute any of the Network Book in part or in whole, using electronic or other media, without written permission of the author. | | | Additionally, if you have relevant material that should be included/referred to in the Network Book we will be happy to consider it. |
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http://www.cs.columbia.edu/netbook
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| | IP |
| | The Internetwork Protocol (IP) [RFC791] provides a best effort network layer service for connecting computers to form a computer network. | | | The most complex part of an IP router is concerned with determining the optimum link to use to reach each destination in a network. | | | Each packet carries the IP address of the sending computer and also the address of the intended recipient or recipients of the packet. |
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http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/inet-pages/ip.html
(389 words)
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| | Network Layer |
| | All network layer protocols use a header that includes both a source and destination address. | | | Since we do not participate in a global IPX network, the network number is assigned at the campus level. | | | 32 bits is used for the network number and 48 bits is used for the node number. |
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http://punch.engr.wisc.edu/~orchard/net-tutorial/network.html
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| | Cisco - OSI: The Network-Layer |
| | Filter sets and filter expressions can be applied to inbound or outbound CLNP datagrams, IS-IS adjacencies (IS-IS routers that are on the same network segment), ISO-IGRP adjacencies (ISO-IGRP routers that are on the same segment), ES-IS adjacencies (ESs and ISs that are on the same segment), and route redistribution. | | | Cisco's OSI implementation is also compliant with the United States Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (US-GOSIP) Version 2 specification, and Cisco is the first router vendor to be certified and registered with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). | | | Redistribution configuration files that use route maps are easy to create, understand, and modify. |
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http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/535/2.html
(3846 words)
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| | Open Source - Internet & Web - OpenPlay |
| | OpenPlay is a cross-platform network abstraction layer designed to simplify the task of creating programs which communicate across multiple computers. | | | While originally designed for multiplayer games, it is useful for any developer who wants an easy, platform-independent way to send messages to programs running on other machines. | | | OpenPlay contains the functionality of the NetSprocket, providing comprehensive support including user interface elements for managing multiple players on a network. |
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http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/openplay
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| | Webopedia: The 7 Layers of the OSI Model |
| | This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control. | | | You are in the: Small Business Computing Channel | | | The MAC sublayer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it. |
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http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp
(426 words)
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| | Transmission Control Protocol article - Transmission Control Protocol transport layer IETF TCP/IP network layer ... |
| | Acknowlegements for data sent, or lack of acknowlegements, are used by senders to implicity interpret network conditions between the TCP sender and receiver. | | | However, this does not mean that the 16-bit TCP checksum is redundant: remarkably, surveys of Internet traffic have shown that software and hardware errors that introduce errors in packets between CRC-protected hops are common, and that the end-to-end 16-bit TCP checksum catches most of these simple errors. | | | Data Link Layers with a high probability of bit error rates may require additional link error correction/detection capabilities. |
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http://www.what-means.com/encyclopedia/Transmission_Control_Protocol
(1434 words)
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| | Network Layers |
| | If you monitor a network and watch the pattern of packets emitted by a computer, you'll immediately understand the relationship between link-layer protocols and ``Sneezy''. | | | Despite the success of the Internet in replacing all the previous attempts to build a global computer communication system, some engineers haven't updated their thinking from old descriptions of networks. | | | As a result, they incorrectly classify applications as as layer 7 instead of layer 5. |
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http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/dec/essay.network.layers.html
(571 words)
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| | Design issues for the network layer |
| | The transport layer (that is the host computer) should be shielded from the number, type and different topologies of the subnets he uses. | | | The network layer has been designed with the following goals: | | | With this in mind, many applications perform their own error detection, flow and congestion control at a higher level in the protocol stack, that is, on their own machine, in the transport layer. |
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http://ntrg.cs.tcd.ie/undergrad/4ba2/network/design.html
(812 words)
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| | The Network Layer |
| | network layer: involves each and every router, host, gateway in the network | | | data link layer: between two physically connected hosts, routers | | | scalability: must be able to support large numbers of hosts, routers, networks |
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http://www-net.cs.umass.edu/cs653-1997/notes/ch6/ch6-1.htm
(969 words)
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| | Network Encyclopedia Article @ NaturalResearch.org |
| | Complex network, for example scale-free networks or small-world networks | | | Digital network, a coupled network of digital components | | | Transportation network (graph theory), representations of transport networks for analysis |
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http://www.naturalresearch.org/encyclopedia/Network
(231 words)
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| | The Network Layer |
| | In broadcast networks, the routing problem is simple, so the network layer is often thin or even nonexistent. | | | Routes could be based on static tables that are "wired into" the network and rarely changed. | | | The network layer is concerned with controlling the operation of the subnet. |
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http://www2.rad.com/networks/1994/osi/network.htm
(261 words)
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| | Network Training |
| | Prepare and develop your skills as a Network Technician. | | | Certification Training Everything MCSE, Everything MCSD, Everything O/S 390, Everything Programming, Everything Cisco, Everything UNIX, Everything Oracle, Computer Technician Training, Network Technician Training | | | This video is perfect for those who want to learn more about networks and how they operate. |
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http://www.discoveryvip.com/Products/Networks.htm
(257 words)
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| | Security Considerations for Layer 3 Switches - NewsFactor Network |
| | No longer is it sufficient to have firewall capabilities just at the edge of the network. | | | Sometimes a firewall can be supplanted by a layer 3 switch, but at other times replacing a firewall with a switch would be foolish. | | | The way Cisco sees it, firewall appliances can be deployed in a network to provide "point" capabilities, but a more cohesive approach is needed that starts security at the switch level, Shalita said. |
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http://www.newsfactor.com/perl/story/22610.html
(784 words)
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| | Define layer 3 - a Whatis.com definition |
| | Layer 3 refers to the Network layer of the commonly-referenced multilayered communication model, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). | | | is a layer 3 device, although some newer switches also perform layer 3 functions. | | | Find white papers, products and vendors related to layer 3. |
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http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214604,00.html
(149 words)
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| | The Network Layer |
| | The basic service of the network layer is to provide the transparent transfer of data between transport-entities. | | | All relay functions are operated within or below this layer. | | | The flow control at this level is different from that at the lower levels in that a transport entity may cause the network service to stop transferring NSDUs to it but this flow control may or may not be propagated back to the other endpoint. |
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http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~jphb/comms/std.osirm3.html
(389 words)
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| | network layer from FOLDOC |
| | Nearby terms: networking « network interface card « network interface controller « network layer » network layer reachability information » network management » network meltdown | | | The most common network layer protocol is IP. | | | The network layer determines routing of packets of data from sender to receiver via the data link layer and is used by the transport layer. |
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http://foldoc.org/?network+layer
(72 words)
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| | The Network Layer |
| | Gateways: Layer 3 devices, Store and forward packages between dissimilar networks | | | Protocol Converters: Layer 4 devices, provide interfacing in higher layers. | | | Repeaters: Layer 1 devices, copy bits between individula segments |
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http://www.sju.edu/~jhodgson/netw/network.html
(200 words)
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| | Anime News Network - Angelic Layer (TV) |
| | Plot Summary: 12-year-old Misaki Suzuhara has just gotten involved in Angelic Layer, a battling game using electronic dolls called angels. | | | Angelic Layer - On a Wing and a Player! | | | Seen in part or in whole by 1165 users, rank: #96 |
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http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=400
(263 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Services provided by the network layer defines the servicesa provided by the subnet J@¥ d Z S@¥ d Z úP Ë Ð®D è Ðù ÷üp 0 ÿý Ô0´ ÀüÐ÷`ð ÿý Ðå ÿ M ù½÷ÊüSöÿÿ , ÿÿ ÿ¥ ÿÿ d Z Goals to design , ÿ¥ d Z L üí÷ÓÆÿÿ ÿÿ @ÿ¥ ÿÿ d Z ÀThe services should be independent from the subnet technology. | | | ÿ Ñ Ñ Ñ @¥ d Z $ ¥ d Z ' ¥ d Z f@¥ d Z ð Ð V è Ðù ÷üp 0 ÿý Ðàt ÀüÐ÷`ð ÿý ÐâÌ M ù½÷ÊüSöÿÿ , ÿÿ ÿ¥ ÿÿ d Z Internetworking , ÿ¥ d Z L üí÷ÓÆÿÿ ÿÿ ÿ¥ ÿÿ d Z cAs a consequence, When packets move from network to network, conversions are necessary. |
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http://show.docjava.com:8086/cpe471/lectures/ppt/networ_1.ppt
(175 words)
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| | 404 Error Message |
| | Managing Hybrid Networks: Total control of your divergent systems from one console | | | Join Broadcast Engineering and ILC in a FREE, live Webcast that will show you how to manage, control, monitor, and automate your various broadcast systems and networks - consolidating your management functions in a single console. |
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http://broadcastengineering.com/.../Media-network-layer-20050901/index.html
(135 words)
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| | Network Layer - Compare Prices, Reviews and Buy at NexTag - Price - Review |
| | Foundry Networks Foundry EdgeIron 24-port 10/100/1000 Layer 2 Switch | | | related searches:double dvd layer,dvd r double layer,dvd dual layer,double layer dvd blank,layer 3 switch,double layer dvd disc,double layer dvd disk,dual layer blank dvd,dual layer dvd media,verbatim dual layer,layer 2 switch,dual dvd layer sony,dual layer disc,double layer dvd-r,dvd dual layer external,dual layer dvd recorder,dual layer media,layer 4 switch,verbatim double layer,dual layer dvd disk | | | D-LINK DES-3550 48-Port 10/100 Stackable Layer 2 Switch |
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http://www.nextag.com/network-layer/search-html
(163 words)
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| | Trend Micro Eyes The Network Layer |
| | Secure Internal Networks with Network Behavior Analysis & Response | | | Network VirusWall 1200 is an outbreak prevention appliance that scans, detects and blocks threats from inside the corporate network, not just in the application layer. | | | Trend Micro Inc. has unveiled a new device that blocks internal network attacks. |
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http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1528150,00.asp
(589 words)
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| | Intrusion Prevention - DDOS Attacks |
| | 2400 Computer Drive, Westboro, MA 01581 Phone: 508-870-1300 ©1999-2005 Top Layer Networks. | | | Top Layer's PCI Compliance solution brief helps you learn how to exceed your IDS/IPS requirements. | | | Easy to deploy high performance Intrusion Prevention System solutions that protect critical infrastructure, applications and data for ensuring business continuity and meeting comprehensive regulatory compliances. |
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http://www.toplayer.com
(288 words)
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| | The page must be viewed over a secure channel |
| | Go to Microsoft Product Support Services and perform a title search for the words HTTP and 403. | | | Open IIS Help, which is accessible in IIS Manager (inetmgr), and search for topics titled About Security, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), and About Custom Error Messages. | | | The page must be viewed over a secure channel |
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http://cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs519/2002sp/slides/15_16_routingprotocols.ppt
(103 words)
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