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Topic: Nuclear weapon

Ads by Google      Nuclear Terrorism Further, the security of India and Pakistan’s embryonic nuclear arsenals is uncertain, as is the question of whether weapons in these states are secured by Permissive Action Link (PAL) systems (coded, electronic locks). The Task Force warned that the "probability of nuclear terrorism is increasing" because of a number of factors including "the growing incidence, sophistication and lethality of conventional forms of terrorism," as well as the vulnerability of nuclear power and research reactors to sabotage and of weapons-usable nuclear materials to theft. A crucial defense against nuclear terrorism and nuclear proliferation is to end civilian commerce in plutonium and highly enriched uranium and to convert military stocks of these nuclear explosives into non-weapon-usable forms as soon as possible. http://www.nci.org/nci-nt.htm      CNS Subjects: Nuclear Weapons "Pyongyang's nuclear weapons programme and its development of ballistic missiles have been driven largely by its acute sense of vulnerability in what it perceives to be a deteriorating security environment since the end of the Cold War." Though TNWs constitute a large percentage of the arsenals of the nuclear weapon states, TNWs are the least-regulated category of nuclear weapons covered in arms control agreements. Several issues have been highlighted, such as security assurances and non-strategic nuclear weapons, with working papers offering concrete and constructive proposals as food for thought. http://cns.miis.edu/research/nuclear.htm      International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) The project focuses on the conversion of high enriched uranium (HEU) into commercial fuel material that is not directly useable in nuclear weapons. Fourteen kilograms of highly enriched uranium that could be used to assemble a nuclear weapon have been safely returned to the Russian Federation from the Czech Republic. The 2006 WNU Summer Institute will be held 8 July – 18 August and hosted by the Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology (SCNT), Sweden´s Royal Institute of Technology (RIT) and France´s Commissariat à l´Energie Atomique (CEA). http://www.iaea.org      Weapon This website has information on counter strike weapon, fencing weapon future weapon of weapon used in world war 2, medieval times weapon, history of weapon of ancient greek weapon iraq weapon with tactical weapon, also known as country nuclear weapon The best thing about destruction in iraq mass weapon, lethal weapon 4. Get info on medieval weapon of nuclear weapon is civil war weapon is required by world war 2 weapon, lethal weapon, world war 1 weapon and world war two weapon. The nuclear picture weapon and search for movie weapon. http://www.newguns.net/Prodindex/weapon.htm   (462 words)      accidents.htm Nuclear detonation, non-nuclear detonation or burning of a nuclear weapon or radioactive weapon component, including a fully assembled nuclear weapon, an unassembled nuclear weapon, or radioactive nuclear weapon components; The nuclear weapon was completely destroyed in the detonation which occurred approximately 4.5 miles south of the Kirtland control tower and 0.3 miles west of the Sandia Base reservation, creating a blast crater approximately 25 feet in diameter and 12 feet deep. Nuclear materials from the weapon were recovered near the crash site. http://www.cdi.org/Issues/NukeAccidents/accidents.htm   (462 words)      Nat' Academies Press, Overcoming Impediments to U.S-Russian Cooperation on Nuclear Non-Proliferation: Report of a Joint Workshop (2004) Nuclear weapons normally serve as a deterrent against potential aggressors, in the form of a threat of terrible and inevitable reprisal against major attacks. Externally, when nuclear weapon states support efforts in non-nuclear weapon states to develop civil nuclear technology programs, weapon states are required to ensure that they do not inadvertently facilitate the development of nuclear weapons in the non-nuclear weapon states. In exchange, the nuclear weapon states must work in good faith toward nuclear disarmament and a treaty on general and complete disarmament; they must put in place export controls for the same materials and technologies; and they must cooperate in contributing to the further development of civil nuclear energy, especially in non-nuclear-weapon states. http://www.nap.edu/books/0309091772/html/13.html   (462 words)      0011ACT_Wulf.txt None of the nuclear-weapon states compromised its position on these issues, but by "papering over" their disagreements for their common statement, the nuclear-weapon states made it clear to all conference participants that their differences were unlikely to prevent the conference from achieving consensus. The willingness of the nuclear- weapon states to subordinate their differences to the greater imperative of the NPT's future, the understanding that there had been progress toward nuclear disarmament, and the support from key NPT non-nuclear- weapon states for realistic and balanced approaches to nuclear disarmament and regional issues all contributed to a successful conference. Nuclear-Weapon States' Cooperation Russian and Chinese opposition to U.S. national missile defense (NMD) policies, combined with the NATO airwar against Yugoslavia (including the accidental bombing of the Chinese embassy), seriously challenged the prospects for cooperation at the conference among the nuclear-weapon states. http://www.nautilus.org/archives/pub/ftp/npp/0011ACT_Wulf.txt   (462 words)      Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty [NPT] The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also referred to as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), obligates the five acknowledged nuclear-weapon states (the United States, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, France, and China) not to transfer nuclear weapons, other nuclear explosive devices, or their technology to any non-nuclear-weapon state. In 1996, Belarus joined Ukraine and Kazakhstan in removing and transferring to the Russian Federation the last of the remaining former Soviet nuclear weapons located within their territories, and each of these nations has become a State Party to the NPT, as a non-nuclear-weapon state. There is no confirmed instance of State Party governmental transfers of nuclear weapon technology or unsafeguarded nuclear materials to any non-nuclear-weapon state. http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/npt   (653 words)      CONTROL OF WEAPON DATA Manufacturing and utilization information and output characteristics for nuclear energy converters, directors or other nuclear directed energy weapon systems or components outside the envelope of the nuclear source, not comprehensively revealing the theory of operation, sensitive design features of the nuclear directed energy weapon or how the energy conversion takes place. Weapon data documents being sent outside the weapons complex shall bear the marking, NUCLEAR WEAPON DATA, and CNWDI, as appropriate. Complete theory of operation, complete design, or partial design information revealing either sensitive design features or how the energy conversion takes place for the nuclear energy converter, energy director or other nuclear directed energy weapon systems or components outside the envelope of the nuclear source but within the envelope of the nuclear directed energy weapon. http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/doe/o5610_2.htm   (2676 words)      Nuclear weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The detonation of a nuclear weapon is accompanied by a blast of neutron radiation. Nuclear weapons have been at the heart of many national and international political disputes, and have played a major part in popular culture since their dramatic public debut in the 1940s, and have usually symbolized the ultimate ability of mankind to utilize the strength of nature for destruction. The policy of trying to ward off a potential attack by a nuclear weapon from another country by threatening nuclear retaliation is known as the strategy of nuclear deterrence. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon   (2386 words)      China The Chinese delegation is of the view that, the most rational and feasible confidence-building measures under current circumstances, is for nuclear-weapon states to undertake unconditionally and in a legal form not to be the first to use nuclear weapons, and not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones. Therefore, the Chinese Government wishes to renew its appeal that the five nuclear-weapon-states undertake never to be the first to use nuclear weapons against one another, and undertake unconditionally and in a legally binding manner never to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states. This commitment naturally applies to any non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons or any non-nuclear-weapon State that has undertaken any comparable internationally binding commitments not to manufacture or acquire nuclear explosive devices, in case of an aggression with nuclear weapons or the threat of such aggression against the State. http://www.nti.org/db/china/decpchr.htm   (2386 words)      Nuclear weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nuclear weapons have been at the heart of many national and international political disputes, and have played a major part in popular culture since their dramatic public debut in the 1940s, and have usually symbolized the ultimate ability of mankind to utilize the strength of nature for destruction. Nuclear weapons were symbols of military and national power, and nuclear testing was often used both to test new designs as well as to send political messages. The detonation of a nuclear weapon is accompanied by a blast of neutron radiation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon   (2366 words)      Nuclear weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nuclear weapons have been at the heart of many national and international political disputes, and have played a major part in popular culture since their dramatic public debut in the 1940s, and have usually symbolized the ultimate ability of mankind to utilize the strength of nature for destruction. The energy released by a nuclear weapon is generally measured by the explosive power of an equivalent amount of trinitrotoluene, known as the weapon's yield. Nuclear proliferation has continued, though, with Pakistan testing their first weapons in 1998, and the state of North Korea claiming to have developed nuclear weapons in 2004. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon   (2657 words)      disarmament, nuclear NPT disarmament obligations, nuclear-weapon convention, reducing nuclear danger among issues addressed in First Committee texts; Other drafts concern missiles, nuclear-weapon-free southern hemisphere, world court opinion on legality of nuclear-weapon use; page 1 of 2. NPT disarmament obligations, nuclear-weapon convention, reducing nuclear danger among issues addressed in First Committee texts; Other drafts concern missiles, nuclear-weapon-free southern hemisphere, world court opinion on legality of nuclear-weapon use; page 2 of 2. disarmament, nuclear, the reduction and limitation of the various nuclear weapons in the military forces of the world's nations. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0815616.html   (294 words)      CNS - Report on Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Preparatory Committee To many non-nuclear-weapon NPT parties, a basic goal of the NPT is to eliminate the discrimination in the right to have nuclear weapons between the nuclear-weapon states and the non-nuclear-weapon states. On the other hand, the NPT probably continues to be in the interest of its non-nuclear-weapon state members despite the failure to accomplish larger nuclear reductions in 30 years. It is too soon to say how much the erosion of American-Chinese-Russian cooperation will weaken implementation of the NPT or produce withdrawals from it by non-nuclear-weapon parties claiming violations by Russia and the United States of their obligation to negotiate in good faith to halt the nuclear arms race and move toward nuclear disarmament. http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/ionp/prep99.htm   (5698 words)      CNS - New Nuclear Weapons? - May 28, 2003 - Research Story of the Week Although proponents of nuclear bunker busters claim that such weapons are needed to neutralize chemical and biological agents in bunkers, independent studies have questioned whether nuclear weapons would be effective at chemical and biological agent neutralization and whether they would lead to dispersal of these agents. He would know that a nuclear weapon was used and would likely request authority to respond with a nuclear weapon and would probably not weigh out an exact proportionate response with a nuclear weapon of an equivalent yield. The two nuclear options are modifying existing nuclear weapons and developing new nuclear weapons while the third option is determining whether conventional weapons could destroy or disable deeply buried bunkers. http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/week/030528.htm   (5164 words)      nuclear disarmament on Encyclopedia.com Disarmament Commission begins three-week Headquarters session, with focus on nuclear disarmament, conventional arms; Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs opens session, stresses `particularly demanding' challenge of nuclear disarmament. NPT disarmament obligations, nuclear-weapon convention, reducing nuclear danger among issues addressed in First Committee texts; Other drafts concern missiles, nuclear-weapon-free southern hemisphere, world court opinion on legality of nuclear-weapon use; page 1 of 2. NPT disarmament obligations, nuclear-weapon convention, reducing nuclear danger among issues addressed in First Committee texts; Other drafts concern missiles, nuclear-weapon-free southern hemisphere, world court opinion on legality of nuclear-weapon use; page 2 of 2. http://encyclopedia.infonautics.com/html/X/X-nucldis.asp   (305 words)      PRCWhitePaper China believes that the indefinite extension of this treaty reaffirms the objectives of international cooperation in nuclear disarmament, the prevention of nuclear proliferation and the promotion of the peaceful use of nuclear energy and shouldnot be interpreted as permitting the nuclear-weapon states to retain possession of nuclear weapons forever. In 1973, China signed the Additional Protocol II of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco) and The British Broadcasting Corporation, November 20, 1995 in 1987 the relevant protocols of the South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga). In January 1994, China formally presented a draft for the Treaty on the No-First-Use of Nuclear Weaponsto the United States, Russia, Britain, France and other countries, proposing that the five nuclear-weapon states hold first-round discussions on the treaty in Beijing as soon as possible. http://www.nautilus.org/archives/pub/ftp/napsnet/usefuldocs/PRCWhitePaper   (6647 words)      Arms Control Association: Fact Sheets: Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones (NWFZ) At a Glance Countries in Latin America (the 1967 Treaty of Tlatelolco), the South Pacific (the 1985 Treaty of Rarotonga), and Southeast Asia (the 1995 Treaty of Bangkok) have all forsworn nuclear weapons. The Latin American treaty also extends hundreds of kilometers from the states-parties' territories into the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but the nuclear-weapon states, citing their freedom at sea, assert that this does not apply to their ships and aircraft that might be carrying nuclear weapons. In addition to nuclear-weapon-free zones, there are treaties, which are not covered by this fact sheet, banning the deployment of nuclear weapons in Antarctica, Mongolia, on the seabed, and in outer space. http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/nwfz.asp   (1345 words)      Appendix F, Report of the Fundamental Classification Policy Review Group The susceptibility of a nuclear weapon or its parts to damage or destruction as the result of a defensive burst, usually an adversary's nuclear burst, is said to be its vulnerability. Nuclear weapon information currently categorized as FRD should be evaluated for transclassification to NSI if it relates primarily to the military utilization of nuclear weapons, and to RD if it does not. Nuclear burst effects against which weapons may be hardened include hot and cold X rays, neutrons, gammas, blast, and several forms of nuclear electromagnetic pulses. http://www.fas.org/sgp/library/app-f.html   (12718 words)      RP Ratifies Nuclear Test Ban Treaty This is in accord with the Philippines’ constitutional policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory, and its long held stance as a proponent of nuclear disarmament, including, in particular the cessation of nuclear testing. Since the first nuclear weapon test was conducted in July 1945, over 2,000 nuclear weapon test explosions have been conducted by nuclear weapon-states, the most recent of which were those of India and Pakistan in 1998. Consistent with its stance against nuclear weapons and as a strong manifestation of its commitment to the CTBT, the Philippines has joined a network of states parties having monitoring stations of underground nuclear explosions. http://www.philcongenla.org/content.asp?FileName=\press\18-01-01.ini   (12718 words)      Nuclear Free World Policy - Department of Foreign Affairs - Government of Ireland In order for the nuclear disarmament process to proceed, the three nuclear-weapons-capable states must clearly and urgently reverse the pursuit of their respective nuclear weapons development or deployment and refrain from any actions which could undermine the efforts of the international community towards nuclear disarmament. The maintenance of a world free of nuclear weapons will require the underpinnings of a universal and multilaterally negotiated legally binding instrument or a framework encompassing a mutually reinforcing set of instruments. We therefore call on the governments of each of the nuclear-weapon states and the three nuclear-weapons-capable states to commit themselves unequivocally to the elimination of their respective nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons capability and to agree to start work immediately on the practical steps and negotiations required for its achievement. http://foreignaffairs.gov.ie/policy/nuclearfreeworld.asp   (12718 words)      Hitlers Bombe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hilters Bombe (Hitler's Bomb) is a nonfiction book by the German historian Rainer Karlsch published in March 2005 which claims to have evidence concerning the development and testing of a possible "nuclear weapon" by Nazi Germany in 1945. Karlsch's primary evidence are alleged vouchers for the atomic weapon attempts, a preliminary plutonium bomb patent from the year 1941 (which had been known about, but not yet found), and conducted industrial archaeology on the remains of the first functioning German nuclear reactor. The "weapon" in question is not alleged to be a standard nuclear weapon powered by nuclear fission but something closer to either a radiological weapon (a so-called "dirty bomb") or a hybrid-nuclear fusion weapon. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlers_Bombe   (254 words)      Weapon Get info on medieval weapon of nuclear weapon is civil war weapon is required by world war 2 weapon, lethal weapon, world war 1 weapon and world war two weapon. The nuclear picture weapon and search for movie weapon. Purchase self defense weapon, japanese weapon, viet nam weapon is not non lethal weapon and search for concealed weapon permit, special weapon and tactic secret weapon is weapon r, cheat normandy over secret weapon and related to counter strike weapon skin with renaissance weapon resources. http://www.newguns.net/Prodindex/weapon.htm   (462 words)      Nuclear option creep csmonitor.com More states with nuclear weapons means more states that can threaten US cities and more chances that terrorists could get their hands on a nuclear weapon. But, in considering a preemptive nuclear strike against Iraq as an option, the Bush administration threatens to invalidate these past promises, effectively arguing that nuclear weapons are no different from conventional weapons and therefore do not need to be governed by separate rules. Even the leaked version of the Pentagon's "nuclear posture review," which was sharply criticized last spring for listing seven nations against which the US should be prepared to use nuclear weapons, did not authorize nuclear preemption against non-nuclear-weapon states. http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0210/p09s01-coop.htm   (462 words)      [27 Oct 1998] GA/DIS/3121 : DRAFT RESOLUTION AIMING FOR 'NUCLEAR-WEAPON-FREE WORLD' INTRODUCED IN DISARMAMENT COMMITTEE In introducing the draft entitled, "Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: the need for a new agenda", the representative of Ireland said the proposal could have far reaching consequences for all States, including those that had not relinquished the nuclear option. How could the non- nuclear-weapon States alone be asked to strengthen the NPT and the CTBT? First, there was no reference to the nuclear war-fighting doctrines -- espoused by certain nuclear-weapon States -- which had envisaged the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons even against non-nuclear-weapon States and in very uncertain circumstances. http://www.fas.org/news/un/other/19981027_gads3121.html   (462 words)      Open Directory - Society: History: By Time Period: Twentieth Century: Atomic Age Nuclear Age Timeline - Nuclear Age Timeline, The timeline traces the nuclear age from the discovery of x-rays and radioactivity to the explosion of the first atomic bomb through the cold war to its thaw and the cleanup of the nuclear weapons complex. Nuclear And Thermonuclear Weapons - Database of nuclear explosions, image gallery of test photos of US and other nuclear tests, chronology and background information on nuclear weapons. Todd's Atomic Homepage - Collection of links on a variety of nuclear topics, including: university programs, job openings, reactors, anti-nuclear groups, weapons testing, waste disposal, computing, health physics, and engineering. http://dmoz.org/Society/History/By_Time_Period/Twentieth_Century/Atomic_Age   (3624 words)      Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty [NPT] The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also referred to as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), obligates the five acknowledged nuclear-weapon states (the United States, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, France, and China) not to transfer nuclear weapons, other nuclear explosive devices, or their technology to any non-nuclear-weapon state. There is no confirmed instance of State Party governmental transfers of nuclear weapon technology or unsafeguarded nuclear materials to any non-nuclear-weapon state. They are required also to accept safeguards to detect diversions of nuclear materials from peaceful activities, such as power generation, to the production of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/npt   (653 words)      Disarmament Diplomacy: - 30th Anniversary of the Signing of the Tlatelolco Treaty: Just as significantly, the Treaty has served as a guidepost for the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones in other parts of the world: the Treaty of Rarotonga in the South Pacific; the Treaty of Bangkok in South-east Asia; the Treaty of Pelindaba covering all of Africa. These efforts led to the landmark treaty that prohibits the testing, use, manufacture, production or acquisition of nuclear weapons over a vast geographic region that is home to tens of millions of people. 'Latin America's Nuclear-Weapon Treaty "pillar" of global regime says Secretary-General, in Message on Treaty's Anniversary,' United Nations Press Release, SG/SM/6163, DC/2575, 20 February 1997 http://www.acronym.org.uk/13anniv.htm   (854 words)      Weapon Nuclear weapon of the nuclear fallout some 60,000 feet (18 km) above the epicenter.]] A nuclear weapon is a nuclear test... Lethal Weapon 4 Lethal Weapon 4 is a Lethal Weapon 3. Lethal Weapon 3 Lethal Weapon 3 is a Lethal Weapon 2. http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/weapon.html   (854 words)

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