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| | Parsing - definition of Parsing in Encyclopedia |
 | | The most common use of parsers is to parse computer programming languages. | | | In computer science, parsing is the process of splitting up a continuous stream of characters (read from a file or keyboard input, for example) into meaningful tokens, and then building a parse tree from those tokens. | | | In some machine translation and natural language processing systems, human languages are parsed by computer programs. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Parsing
(506 words)
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| | Parsing expression grammar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A parsing expression grammar, or PEG, is a type of analytic formal grammar that describes a formal language in terms of a set of rules for recognizing strings in the language. | | | A parsing expression grammar essentially represents a recursive descent parser in a pure schematic form that only expresses syntax and is independent of the way an actual parser might be implemented or what it might be used for. | | | By memoizing the results of intermediate parsing steps and ensuring that each parsing function is only invoked at most once at a given input position, however, it is possible to convert any parsing expression grammar into a packrat parser, which always runs in linear time at the cost of substantially greater storage space requirements. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing_expression_grammar
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| | LEARN THE NET: Glossary: Parsing |
| | Parsing data refers to the process by which programming data input is broken into smaller, more distinct chunks of information that can be more easily interpreted and acted upon. |
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http://www.learnthenet.com/english/glossary/parse.htm
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| | Parsing Techniques |
| | Parsing a sentence means to compute the structural description (descriptions) of the sentence assigned by a grammar, assuming, of course, that the sentence is well-formed. | | | From the perspective of parsing, weak equivalence by itself is not very interesting because weak equivalence alone cannot guarantee that a parsing technique developed for one class of grammars can be extended to other classes, or a uniform parsing procedure can be developed for all these equivalent grammars. | | | Recently, there has been theoretical work on FSTs for their use in parsing, one of the approaches being the use of an FST and computing the parse as a fixed point of the transduction. |
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http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/HLTsurvey/ch11node6.html
(2009 words)
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| | PyLR -- Fast LR parsing in python |
| | Parsing was for a long time a big challenge for computer scientists. | | | Since then, the theory behind parsing has been studied in depth and has pretty much stabilized as it no longer really presents a big problem in terms of speed or size in terms of parsing todays computer languages. | | | The need for computer parsing originally came about with the first writing of compilers. |
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http://starship.python.net/crew/scott/PyLR.html
(662 words)
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| | Parsing and Execution II |
| | The column labeled 'line' indicates which line of the parsing table was matched by the stack. | | | If the leftmost 4 words on the stack match a line in the table, the fragment (those words on the stack which are in boldface in the parsing table) is executed and replaced on the stack by the single word returned. | | | The lines in the parsing table are processed in order. |
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http://www.jsoftware.com/books/help/jforc/parsing_and_execution_ii.htm
(1685 words)
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| | Glossary of Parsing Terms |
| | As a parse progresses, token values are shifted onto the stack, so that in a reduction procedure, the values of the tokens that comprise the grammar rule that is being reduced are available for inspection. | | | The parsing engine is the body of code that interprets the parsing table, invokes input functions, and calls the reduction procedures. | | | Normally when you are parsing a file, this is inconsequential because you are not going to continue performing semantic actions in the presence of errors. |
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http://www.parsifalsoft.com/gloss.html
(7372 words)
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| | Parsing |
| | There are many NL applications which involve parsing at some point; for example, we would expect the natural language input to a question-answering system to undergo parsing as an initial step. | | | The simplest kind of bottom-up parsing is known as shift-reduce parsing. | | | A shift-reduce parser may fail to parse the sentence, even though the sentence is well-formed according to the grammar. |
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http://nltk.sourceforge.net/lite/doc/en/parse.html
(4682 words)
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| | Parsing |
| | A parser is an algorithm that determines whether a given input string is in a language and, as a side-effect, usually produces a parse tree for the input. | | | The problem with recursive-descent parsing is that it is inflexible; changes in the grammar can cause significant (and in some cases non-obvious) changes to the parser. | | | Under table-driven parsing, there is a single procedure that "interprets" the parse table. |
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http://www.cs.rochester.edu/users/faculty/leblanc/csc173/grammars/parsing.html
(1765 words)
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| | Morphological Parsing with a Unification-based Word Grammar |
| | A major breakthrough in the field of morphological parsing came in 1983 when Kimmo Koskenniemi, a Finnish computer scientist, produced his dissertation Two-level morphology: A general computational model for word-form recognition and generation (Koskenniemi 1983). | | | When you parse a sentence, it is normally already tokenized into words (since we put white space between words); but when you parse a word, you must first tokenize it into morphemes. | | | This analysis is then passed to the word grammar, which returns the parse tree and feature structure shown in Figure 2. |
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http://www.sil.org/pckimmo/ntnlp94.html
(2716 words)
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| | Parsing |
| | In bioinformatics there are open-source packages like Biopython and Bioperl which parse a large number of formats and outputs. | | | I need to parse data files, the output of wrapped programs, web pages, fields from a database, user input – the list goes on and on. | | | Most people assume the input file format is roughly correct, which simplifies the parsing code. |
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http://www.dalkescientific.com/writings/diary/archive/2005/04/22/parsing.html
(690 words)
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| | Dictionary Parsing Project (CL Research) |
| | The parse results are in the form of a parse tree. | | | Some parse tree results are available at the main Dictionary Parsing Project site and can be used as is. However, it would be best to use the DIMAP dictionaries to generate your own results, so as to take advantage of the latest functionality in DIMAP. | | | The parse tree is surrounded by information identifying the head word, its sense number, its field or subject label (if applicable), and the definition that has been parsed. |
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http://www.clres.com/dpp.html
(1481 words)
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| | Flexible parsing by Arturo Campos |
| | The file pic was compressed down to 79,070 bytes with first an rle pass with byte based output, and then flexible parsing. | | | Once this loop is over we have on "final_length" the length for the current match, you only have to code the current match with this length, and you can continue parsing the input. | | | Final_length, this is the length which we'll use to code the current match. |
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http://www.arturocampos.com/ac_flexible_parsing.html
(917 words)
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| | Introduction to Syntax Directed Parsing |
| | In syntax directed parsing, the input part of a program is constructed automatically, by means of a standard algorithm, from a high level description of the input data structure. | | | Such multi-stage parsing is a convenient way to deal with complex input that is not context free. | | | Of course, the reason for parsing an input stream is to interpret the data in the stream and to process it in some useful manner. |
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http://www.parsifalsoft.com/isdp.html
(3727 words)
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| | Packrat Parsing: a Practical Linear-Time Algorithm with Backtracking |
| | The primary disadvantage of packrat parsing is its storage cost, which is a constant multiple of the total input size rather than being proportional to the nesting depth of the syntactic constructs appearing in the input. | | | Packrat parsing is a novel and practical method for implementing linear-time parsers for grammars defined in Top-Down Parsing Language (TDPL). | | | Packrat parsing is an adaptation of a 30-year-old tabular parsing algorithm that was never put into practice until now. |
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http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/~baford/packrat/thesis
(931 words)
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| | Overview of the Lemur Toolkit Parsing |
| | parses InQuery structured query language queries and writes output to file. | | | parses queries and writes output to file, and | | | The name of the file to write the parsed queries to. |
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http://www.lemurproject.org/lemur/parsing.html
(1613 words)
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| | Robust Parsing - Xerox XRCE |
| | Xerox Incremental Parsing (XIP) is a formalism that smoothly integrates a number of description mechanisms for shallow and deep robust parsing, ranging from part-of-speech disambiguation, entity recognition and chunking to dependency grammars and extra-sentencial processing. | | | Xerox robust parsers are based on a specific methodology, called incremental parsing, initially implemented in a finite-state framework (Incremental Finite-State Parsing or IFSP [Aït-Mokhtar and Chanod 1997, Gala 1999]). | | | Recent developments include a totally new parsing framework, XIP (Xerox Incremental Parsing) [Aït-Mokhtar, Chanod and Roux 2001, 2002]. |
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http://www.xrce.xerox.com/competencies/content-analysis/robustparsing/home.en.html
(1120 words)
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| | Technorati Tag: parsing |
| | Parsing Find Deals on parsing and other Computer Software at DealTime. | | | Parsing Structure February 2nd, 2006 _root - update.php update.php extends parser folder calls->games.php games.php extends connection.php... | | | First Websites to parse February 2nd, 2006 http://www.ige.com - Affilates http://www.guy4game.com - Affilates http://mmoshop.com/ - Affilates... |
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http://www.technorati.com/tag/parsing
(525 words)
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| | Parsing |
| | Finite-state grammars can be parsed using a particularly simple kind of computational model called finite-state automaton. | | | Derivations are just a procedure for veriyfing that something is in grammar or out; they are NOT an algorithm or progarm for parsing. | | | They are easier to process and to parse. |
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http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~gawron/stat/parse.htm
(406 words)
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| | Parsing C++ at nobugs.org |
| | Parsing the syntax of C++ is the easy part of the problem. | | | To do this, Willink doesn't actually parse for C++ in the syntax stage, he parses for a somewhat larger language of which C++ is a subset. | | | The other nice bit about this thesis is that it describes a way of parsing C++ which doesn't require the use of semantic information (symbol tables etc) in either the lexer or the syntax parsing stage. |
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http://www.nobugs.org/developer/parsingcpp
(2702 words)
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| | Robust Parsing |
| | This approach, similar to the canonical parse approach to ambiguity, is labour-intensive and suffers from the difficulty of predicting the types of error or extragrammaticality liable to occur. | | | These techniques yielded promising results but have been largely supplanted by statistical parse decision techniques in which the probabilistic model is sensitive to details of parse context [MW92,BC93,BLR92] and integrated more closely with the parsing algorithm than the grammar. | | | Re-estimation involves considering all possible analyses of each sentence of the training corpus given an (initially) weak grammar, the search space is large and the likelihood of convergence on a useful grammar is low. |
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http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/HLTsurvey/ch3node9.html
(1018 words)
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| | ACL 2004 Workshop on Incremental Parsing |
| | The challenge for parsing research is to develop models that achieve optimal performance for both parsing and language modeling. | | | Recently, a number of models of human parsing have been proposed that are based on computational linguistic approaches, such as PCFGs and related statistical models, suggesting a potential synergy between cognitively and technologically motivated parsing research. | | | For instance, the application of probabilistic parsing algorithms to cognitive tasks has important implications for the recent debate on the role of frequency information in human parsing. |
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http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/keller/acl04_workshop
(480 words)
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| | Parsing Techniques in COBOL |
| | In the context of parsing, an event is usually an input character from the text to be parsed. | | | The best way to represent the results of parsing may be to use some combination of various data structures -- linked lists, trees, and the like. | | | Eventually the FSM reaches a terminal state -- which may be either an error state (signifying a syntax error in the input text) or an accepting state (signifying the recognition of a token). |
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http://home.swbell.net/mck9/cobol/tech/parsing.html
(1095 words)
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| | Chapter 15 - Parsing |
| | Parsing of blocks is done at the value level, making the grammar rules easier to specify and operation many times faster. | | | However, unlike the parsing of strings, the parsing of blocks is not concerned with characters or delimiters. | | | When parsing large grammar from a set of rules, variables are used to make the grammar more readable. |
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http://www.rebol.com/docs/core23/rebolcore-15.html
(2796 words)
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| | Parsing Questions and Answers |
| | In top-down parsing, this can be in the form of parse tables and a driver, or in the form of a recursive-descent program. | | | A parser generator is a tool that automates the process of creating parse tables from a grammar. | | | Highly ambiguous languages are difficult to parse using techniques that are primarily deterministic. |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~slkpg/parsing.html
(2147 words)
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| | BNF and EBNF: What are they and how do they work? |
| | A harder way to parse is the one known as shift-reduce or bottom-up parsing. | | | The easiest way of parsing something according to a grammar in use today is called LL parsing (or top-down parsing). | | | Left factoring is necessary because LL parsing requires selecting an alternative based on a fixed number of input tokens. |
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http://www.garshol.priv.no/download/text/bnf.html#id1.1.
(3051 words)
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| | Parsing |
| | Because automatic parsing (via computer programs) has a lower success rate than part-of-speech annotation, it is often either post-edited by human analysts or carried out by hand (although possibly with the help of parsing software). | | | This term alludes to the tree diagrams or "phrase markers" used in parsing. | | | In depth: You might want to read about full parsing, skeleton parsing, and constraint grammar by following this link. |
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http://bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk/monkey/ihe/linguistics/corpus2/2parse.htm
(308 words)
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| | Steve's place - Perl Tutorial Lesson 18 |
| | Parsing a string is well and good, but all we have currently done is determine whether a given string is part of the language defined by the grammar. | | | your brain) have any hope of parsing these: they have no restrictions on the form of their production rules, and only human languages are silly enough to dabble with them. | | | To parse a context free language, you need a push-down automaton (which can remember certain things, unlike a finite state automaton). |
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http://www.steve.gb.com/perl/lesson18.html
(2647 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | By this method morphological ambiguity is fully dissipated, in that as the sentence is being analyzed all the inappropriate morphological parsings of the sentence words (on whatever grounds — syntactic or semantic) are eliminated. | | | Because parsing by our method does not involve syntactic functions at all, the need for rigid order of the sentence parts is eliminated anyway. | | | The realization of this process is beset by several difficulties: At stage (a) semantic parsing is sometimes necessary in order to find semantic features of a component constructed of a number of words. |
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http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~ornan/maamarim/Exeter.doc
(3765 words)
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| | Language Log: Grammar school for scandal: Rove suspected of parsing |
| | Since almost no one learns about literal parsing any more, it's not surprising that the metaphorical sense of parse as "examine very carefully, especially with respect to possible alternative interpretations" has come to dominate. | | | F. Art Caricature 14 When you wish to draw a face from recollection you must well commit it to memory, by parsing it in your mind (as schoolboys term it) by naming the contour and different species of features of which it is constructed. | | | But there's a new sense of parsing in the air, which seems to involve very careful consideration of the meaning of words and phrases, either to design them to mislead in the first place, or to explain or excuse them in retrospect: |
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http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002348.html
(847 words)
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| | Parsing XML Efficiently - Dev xml |
| | DOM is a tree-based parsing technique that builds up an entire parse tree in memory. | | | The SAX model has the major advantage of low memory consumption, because the entire document does not need to be loaded into memory at one time, which enables a SAX parser to parse a document larger than the system memory. | | | The various parsing modes exist for a reason, and as distributed-service-based applications proliferate, optimized performance will become an essential ingredient for success. |
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http://www.oracle.com/technology/oramag/oracle/03-sep/o53devxml.html
(2394 words)
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| | Packrat Parsing and Parsing Expression Grammars |
| | Introduces packrat parsing and how to implement it using the lazy functional programming language Haskell. | | | Alexander Birman's Ph.D. thesis from 1970, describing the original formal theory behind packrat parsing and parsing expression grammars. | | | Packrat Parsing: a Practical Linear-Time Algorithm with Backtracking: My master's thesis. |
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http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/~baford/packrat
(255 words)
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| | Parsing in Oracle |
| | If not found, then the parsed representation is generated and stored in a shared SQL area (Part of shared pool memory in SGA), the statement is then executed (Hard parse). | | | Generating a parsed representation of the statement and allocating Shared SQL area. | | | All statements, DDL or DML, are parsed whenever they are executed. |
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http://www.databasejournal.com/features/oracle/article.php/3341851
(622 words)
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| | KXML: A Great Find for XML Parsing in J2ME |
| | Manipulating the DOM is a simple way of interacting with XML where the entire XML tree is parsed into a node structure that resides in memory and you can traverse the tree programmatically. | | | These are KToolBar 1.04 projects and do not include the kXML library—you'll have to get that from http://kxml.enhydra.org/ and put the zip into the "lib" directory of the project. | | | In this article I'll go into detail about a few of these features, specifically pull parsing and DOM manipulation, and I'll tell you how to check the effect of the kXML processing on memory. |
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http://www.devx.com/xml/Article/11773
(665 words)
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| | Parsing CSV Files |
| | In the past I have made many attempts to parse CSV files in.NET, however I kept hitting the wall every now and then with a particularly formatted CSV file. | | | I was about to try to create my own parse function to just handle the quoted fields. | | | When the phone number value was 10 straight digits, no problem, it was read and parsed fine. |
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http://blogs.worldnomads.com.au/matthewb/archive/2004/03/19/207.aspx
(631 words)
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| | Bod, Rens: Data-Oriented Parsing |
| | Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) is one of the leading paradigms in Statistical Natural Language Processing. | | | In this volume, a collection of computational linguists offer a state-of-the-art overview of DOP, suitable for students and researchers in natural language processing and speech recognition as well as for computational linguistics. | | | Distributed for the Center for the Study of Language and Information. |
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http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/15783.ctl
(191 words)
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| | XML.com: Parsing RSS At All Costs |
| | From a programmers standpoint it is very nice to know that you can (and should?) throw away a broken document because parsing it otherwise probably would propagate errors. | | | in parsing smil files, i've run into the unescaped & problem too... | | | On the other hand, an RSS feed is just a piece of data that’s changing on daily basis and can easily be fixed if broken. |
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http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2003/01/22/dive-into-xml.html
(5341 words)
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| | Notes from the Dawn of Time |
| | A noun phrase is a form of words that identifies an object or a set of objects. | | | It’s finally time for the interesting part: how the parsing process works. | | | The problem with this comes later, during the execution phase: the second and subsequent noun phrases can appear in any order (GIVE THE COAL USING THE TONGS TO THE TROLL) and this is something of a bother when it comes to matching function calls to definitions. |
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http://www.skotos.net/articles/dawnof13.shtml
(1427 words)
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| | Developers - Watson |
| | When the parse dictionary works for all kinds of data (and deals with no results gracefully), copy it out of the tool, paste it into a Text file, and e-mail it to us. | | | Using any comments in the plist files (between /* and */) and the entries that end with _input, you can build up a test query, that represents the user input, in the small text field at the top of the tool. | | | That is good because it follows the platform-neutral vision of the World Wide Web, but it's bad if Apple really wants the concept of "web services for the rest of us" to only work for Mac users. |
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http://www.karelia.com/developer/watson
(2083 words)
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| | XmlPullParserImpl (Javolution v3.7 API) |
| | Get next parsing event - element content will be coalesced and only one TEXT event must be returned for whole element content (comments and processing instructions will be ignored and entity references must be expanded or exception mus be thrown if entity reference can not be expanded). | | | Here is an example parsing a resource as input stream: | | | (which is equivalent to both input can be parsed with the same code: |
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http://javolution.org/api/javolution/xml/pull/XmlPullParserImpl.html
(3509 words)
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| | LR Parsing |
| | Parsing algorithms which proceed from the bottom of the derivation tree and apply grammar rules (in reverse) are called bottom up parsing algorithms. | | | The parser has a stack and an input. | | | LR Parsing / Shift-Reduce Parsing / Bottom-up Parsing |
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http://moonbase.wwc.edu/~aabyan/464/BUP.html
(296 words)
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| | NetLingo.com Dictionary of Internet Terms: Online Definitions & Text Messaging |
| | Parsing is often divided into lexical analysis and semantic parsing: Lexical analysis concentrates on dividing strings into components, called tokens, based on punctuation and other keys; semantic parsing then attempts to determine the | | | In linguistics, it is to divide language into small components that can be analyzed. | | | For example, compilers must parse source code to be able to translate it into object code. |
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http://www.netlingo.com/lookup.cfm?term=parse
(141 words)
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| | Topic: lang/lisp/code/parsing/ |
| | The emphasis is more on code-related parsing, such as LALR parsers, than on natural language parsing. | | | tree_fmt/ PNODE and GNODE: Formatting of Parse Trees for Display zebu/ ZEBU: Zebu parser/unparser generator for Common Lisp See Also: areas/nlp/parsing/ | | | CD-ROM: Prime Time Freeware for AI, Issue 1-1 Keywords: Lisp!Parsing, Parsing |
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http://www-cgi.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/lisp/code/parsing/0.html
(91 words)
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| | AskTom "Parsing Stages" |
| | we have to "semantically" parse the query before matching it to a statment in the shared pool. | | | Many errors can be caught during this stage of statement processing. | | | Tom, " During parsing, the SQL statement is passed from the user process to Oracle " If thats done by user process then where would server process(dedicated assuming) be involved in this picture. |
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http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/ask/f?p=4950:8:::::F4950_P8_DISPLAYID:40409620216848
(271 words)
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| | inessential.com: Weblog: Comments for ‘FeedDemon and Atom’ |
| | The only users even remotely interested in parse errors are feed creators, not feed comsumers. | | | I think the iCab experience demonstrates convincingly that parsing error reporting is completely useless. | | | Nick Bradbury, FeedDemon developer, has posted his thoughts on the subject of Atom and valid XML: “FeedDemon will also support Atom, but if an Atom feed isn’t well-formed XML, FeedDemon will display an error rather than try to parse it.” |
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http://inessential.com/?comments=1&postid=2775
(534 words)
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| | XML Parsing With DOM and Xerces (part 1) |
| | An alternative approach is the Document Object Model (DOM), which builds a data tree in memory for easier, non-sequential access to XML data fragments. | | | This alternative approach involves building a tree representation of the XML document in memory, and then using built-in methods to navigate through this tree. | | | The Simple API for XML (SAX) is just one approach to parsing XML. |
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http://www.devshed.com/c/a/XML/XML-Parsing-With-DOM-and-Xerces-part-1
(552 words)
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| | Parsing |
| | The specific class that implements this interface varies from parser to parser. | | | Example 6.1 demonstrates the complete process with a simple program whose | | | Parsing is the process of reading an XML document and reporting its content to a client application while checking the document for well-formedness. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/xml/books/xmljava/chapters/ch06s02.html
(285 words)
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| | BCLTeam's WebLog : parsing |
| | One thing that has not changed much in Whidbey is the set of format strings used by base data types for parsing and formatting. | | | DateTime Parsing and Formatting with Time Zones [Anthony Moore] | | | Before reading below, see this entry for a more practical description of how to using formatting and parsing for the purposes of storing |
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http://blogs.msdn.com/bclteam/archive/category/2632.aspx
(330 words)
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