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| | Answer Template for the 2003 Geog 373 Mid-Term |
 | | Geometries (beyond pixels) do not exist because there are no objects until the users classifies the image and then uses either an automated routine or heads-up digitization to create object outlines. |  | | In unsupervised classification, the computer groups pixels into classes based on degrees of dis/similarity, after which the user has to go out into the field to determine what kind of real world feature matches the identified classes. |  | | The computer is told what to look for and which digital numbers to match to what class. |
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http://www.geog.umd.edu/gis/courses/GEOG373/373addon/midtermanswers.htm
(1236 words)
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| | World Intellectual Property Organization |
 | | The set geometries of the film-based camera array design are then used as input data to the DSP program. |  | | The functions related to image captured and pixel data processing are well known and are implemented in the internal electronics of all digital cameras, including the exemplary Kodak cameras. |  | | Accordingly, the global memory 21, DSP memory 22 and processing of pixel data are known. |
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http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/87929.031023&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
(4268 words)
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| | [No title] |
 | | transform the input geometries to internal representation and... |
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http://www.cs.unc.edu/Research/proteus/nswc2/zli/interface
(634 words)
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| | VIMOS Exposure Time Calculator / Image Simulator |
 | | Subsampling of pixels is applied in the computation of the spatial profile. |  | | S/N : Exposure Time are computed over one pixel. |  | | These profiles are normalized to 1 at the central pixel and are then convoluted with the PSF before computations. |
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http://www.eso.org/observing/etc/doc/ut3/vimos/etc_um_new-Title.html
(6560 words)
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| | 600.457 Lecture Week 7 |
 | | For each polygon (or any other geometry), for each pixel, we compute the Z coordinate (in the camera coordinate system) of the point on the polygon projecting to that pixel. |  | | Of all projections at a given pixel, then, it is straightforward to choose the one with the maximum Z in front of the eye. |  | | The simplest algorithm to eliminate such parts is to scan-convert the full geometry and at each computed pixel position, test if the pixel lies in the appropriate range. |
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http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~subodh/457/visibility.html
(2247 words)
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| | Sound Vision, Inc - A Practical Guide to Sensor Selection |
 | | Pixel sizes of approximately 3.5 to 4 microns are possible in CCD technology. |  | | In order to do this they have had to reduce the noise in the device since they would be collecting and counting fewer photons with a smaller pixel. |  | | Most progressive scan CCDs can be considered to be long chains of pixels or buckets that are each sensitive to light. |
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http://www.soundvisioninc.com/Sensor_Selection.htm
(1839 words)
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| | skymap |
 | | SKYMAP computes the required spatial transformation by matching the logical x and y pixel coordinates of a grid of points in the input image with the logical x and y pixels coordinates of the same grid of points in the reference image, using celestial coordinate information stored in the two image headers. |  | | The format of the output logical x and y reference and input pixel coordinates in columns 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 respectively. |  | | The transformation computed by the "general" fitting geometry is arbitrary and does not necesarily correspond to a physically meaningful model. |
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http://stsdas.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/gethelp.cgi?skymap
(2354 words)
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| | mike king - Development of an Integrated Computer Art System |
 | | I regard pattern-making as one of the classical computer geometries, and an obvious area for exploitation by computers in art and design. |  | | Imagery from chaotic functions (one of the recursive geometries in my classification) could be generated by scripts of a few lines. |  | | However, the point of ICAS is to extend the paint system to include techniques that are unique to the computer, either because the technique allows increases of orders of magnitude in speed of execution (object-oriented manipulations, pattern-making and tesselations), or because the technique is in practice impossible to realise by hand (for example fractals). |
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http://web.ukonline.co.uk/mr.king/writings/technical/cgintern.html
(3112 words)
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| | United States Patent Application: 0040091084 |
 | | The method of claim 16 in which the 3D volumetric image is stored in a computer memory as an array of pixels represented by a value in which the brightness of each pixel is proportional to the value. |  | | One defines the geometry by which the images are formed, the data arrays that contain the image data, and the coordinates of an object space. |  | | In any case, a 0 pixel value is transparent and a maximum pixel value is opaque. |
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http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040091084".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040091084&RS=DN/20040091084
(14019 words)
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| | Optimizing Dreamcast Microsoft Direct3D Performance (Windows CE 2.12) |
 | | Other 3-D hardware systems render every pixel as often as that pixel is recovered by a triangle, but not the Dreamcast hardware. |  | | One special function that computes the sine and cosine of an angle is also very useful for character animation and camera movement calculations. |  | | To be as efficient as possible, align all vertex data to 32 bytes. |
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http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/techart/hiperflegal.htm
(3171 words)
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| | Cover Page |
 | | However, unlike the 2D image, an LDI pixel has depth information, and there are multiple layers at a pixel location. |  | | In this project, we develop a novel LDI compression algorithm that handles the multiple layers and the depth coding. |  | | A layered depth image (LDI) is a new popular representation and rendering method for objects with complex geometries. |
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http://research.microsoft.com/~jinl/2000/LDI/LDI.htm
(190 words)
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| | Sensors Unlimited, Inc. - Focal Plane Arrays |
 | | Linear arrays with tall pixels are widely used in optical spectrometers. |  | | The wide range of array pixel and readout formats offered by Sensors Unlimited enables users to make the optimal match to their application. |  | | Please see our Foundry Services web page for more information or call our sales department to discuss your needs. |
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http://www.sensorsinc.com/arrays.html
(766 words)
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| | Poor Man's Bryce Part I |
 | | This is not to say that QD3D's other mesh types can never be used in an interactive editing scenario; it's just a lot less convenient to use the other freeform geometries this way, because you typically have to retrieve and reorder large vertex arrays, which may involve memory reallocation and a host of bookkeeping concerns. |  | | The purpose of the transform objects is to let us perform rotations and scaling operations on just this object, independently of any other objects that might be onscreen. |  | | It's also the only geometry that has no explicit data structure: If you look through the QD3DGeometry.h header file, you'll find no TQ3MeshData struct or typedef. |
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http://www.mactech.com:16080/articles/mactech/Vol.14/14.10/PoorMan'sBrycePartI
(6388 words)
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| | computing stereograms |
 | | Each holo-pixel is computed as a sum of basis fringes scaled by corresponding image pixel values as shown at the left. |  | | These diffractive elements are independent of any image information, but when one is combined with an image pixel value, it directs that pixel information to a designated span in the viewzone. |  | | Each holographic stereogram "pixel" would project the same information that a "live" scene would, to a viewer in any part of the viewzone. |
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http://www.media.mit.edu/spi/HVstereograms.htm
(597 words)
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| | CCD's |
 | | Saturation charge is limited by the well capacity of the CCD and varies with device architecture and pixel size. |  | | Thinned CCDs - light normally enters the CCD through the gates of the parallel register - usually made of very thin polysilicon, which is reasonably transparent at long wavelength, but becomes opaque at < 400 nm; gate structure attenuates incoming light. |  | | System noise level may vary between a few electrons in a high-performance slow scan cooled camera up to many thousands of electrons in an inexpensive video camera. |
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http://www.chm.colostate.edu/erf/teaching/c532/ccds.htm
(2449 words)
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| | VISOR: Previous projects |
 | | From the shape and position of the projected image and knowledge of the pinhole from which the image originates, the Suns position can be determined. |  | | The motion information will be used on-chip to define the size and/or location of a selectively scanned region (e.g. |  | | This work relates closely to other industrially relevant research in our laboratory on integrated smart camera systems. |
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http://www.cs.yorku.ca/~visor/prev.html
(1485 words)
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| | Construction of Cartographic Symbols - Version 4.6 |
 | | When combining of several symbols on a line, they will be positioned on the baseline which is defined by the geometry of the object in pixel coordinates. |  | | Keep in mind that the points in the local coordinate system are rendered as pixel images, thus only integer values make any sense. |  | | PIXMAP symbols are always rendered respective to the map border and will not follow the inclination of a line or polygon ourtline. |
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http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/doc/cartographic-symbols.html
(4230 words)
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| | The VisAD Java Class Library Developers Guide |
 | | The Data classes implement methods for various binary and unary mathematical operations (e.g., add, multiply, sqrt), as well as specialized operations such as Function evaluation and Tuple component access. |  | | This code example demonstrates that it is easy to treat VisAD Functions like simple arrays, extracting their values into ordinary arrays using the getValues method and setting values from ordinary arrays using the setSamples method. |  | | The VisAD data model, described in Section 3, enables developers to define many different numerical data structures in terms of hierarchies built up from simple real numbers and text strings, and enables developers to attach various types of metadata to values at different levels in the hierarchy. |
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http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~db/hfiles/guide.html
(10224 words)
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| | [No title] |
 | | See the two memos by Eric Greisen ftp://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits/documents/wcs/aips27.ps.Z ftp://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits/documents/wcs/aips46.ps.Z for descriptions of the 8 projective geometries and the algorithms. |  | | In particular, these algorithms support ordinary field rotation, but not skew geometries (CD or PC matrix cases). |  | | Footnotes in these two documents describe the differences between these algorithms and the 1993-94 WCS draft proposal (see URL below). |
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http://lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov/~ikebe/GLAST/wcsutil.c
(810 words)
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| | Optimizing diffraction data collection |
 | | Another difference is that you can readout individual pixels unlike CCDs where you have to readout rows of data. |  | | Imaging plate and CCD detectors have readout noise levels approximately equivalent to 1 or 2 X-ray photons per pixel. |  | | In addition, the user has to decide on a data collection strategy. |
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http://eagle.mmid.med.ualberta.ca/tutorials/data_collection/optimization.html
(5179 words)
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| | Back-Illumination Tutorial-Multiple |
 | | The CCD was found to have no blemishes greater or less than +/- 20% of the average response at an illumination equivalent to half of the pixel full well value. |  | | This register was used to verify the CCD cosmetic quality. |  | | For this reason, PixelVision, Inc. has focussed on producing CCD designs with multiple output amplifiers to reduce the noise equivalent bandwidth. |
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http://www.pvinc.com/tutorial/tutorial-illum-multiple.htm
(573 words)
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| | Coded Aperture Imaging / Bibliography |
 | | Results of laboratory tests carried out to study the performance of a coded aperture system using both a stationary and rotating HURA mask with a discrete pixel detector are presented and compared to computer simulations. |  | | An efficient and fast algorithm, based on mean count subtraction and weighted deconvolution, has also been developed in order to reduce the coding error when a proper design of the system is infeasible or when a rotating mask is used. |  | | Here we presents the results of computer simulations designed to evaluate the basic performance of a system employing a rotating HURA mask and two discrete detector pixel geometries: a square pixel detector (SPD) and a hexagonal pixel detector (HPD). |
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http://lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/cai/coded_bibl_long.html
(18296 words)
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| | Raw Pixel (.IMG) Files |
 | | During development, we encountered a number of files containing geometries not in DICOM format. |  | | One set of files contains multiple frames, each with 512 rows and columns and 16 bits (2 bytes) allocated per pixel. |  | | Every other frame in the IMG file (between 25 empty frames at each end) was used in the model. |
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http://www.whiterockscience.com/scan2mcnp/raw.html
(496 words)
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| | [No title] |
 | | */ public boolean updateTransparency = true; /** Flag that determines whether to keep a z-buffer of geometries, to to know the frontmost object at any position (x, y) in the image. |  | | OF TRANSPARENT OBJECTS private Geometry tS[] = null; // LIST OF TRANSPARENT OBJECTS private boolean renderT = false; // IS THIS TRANSP RENDER PASS? |  | | */ public int[] init(int W, int H) { int[] pix = new int[W * H]; init(W, H, pix); return pix; } public void init(int W, int H, int pix[]) { nLights = 0; world = new Geometry(); this.pix = pix; this.W = W; this.H = H; Matrix.identity(camera); computeCamera(); //inverseCamera.invert(camera); } /** Initializes the renderer. |
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http://artport.whitney.org/gatepages/artists/perlin/render/Renderer.java
(1204 words)
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| | Student Abstracts: LBNL - Nuclear Science |
 | | Charge from the photodiode is digitized to identify the position of the incident particle. |  | | We will also display the results of using a field emission scanning electron microscope with energies from 1 to 30 keV. |  | | (APS) An APS is an implementation of standard CMOS technology in which each pixel has a photodiode directly above the epitaxial layer. |
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http://www.scied.science.doe.gov/scied/Abstracts2004/LBNLns.htm
(2778 words)
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| | photography - CMOS paves way for camera-on-a-chip - complementary metal oxide semiconductor |
 | | The reason is size: Silicon processing geometries have now shrunk below a half-micron, which means more features can be added within the pixel site. |  | | For imaging applications where the final product is imaging on a computer monitor, a smaller array with less resolution is acceptable. |  | | CMOS imager designers working with 0.5 micron geometries today will soon be designing with 0.35 micron and even 0.25 micron design rules. |
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http://www.photography-daily.com/articles/digital-cameras/digital-cameras-article-8427.htm
(1012 words)
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| | ZBrush from pixologic.com, the alternative approach Visualization Software |
 | | These new geometries can then be exported for use as targets in any animation software that uses morph targets. |  | | There is no need to flatten Photoshop layers before import. |  | | Instead of pixels, ZBrush uses a unique technology called "pixols". |
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http://pixologic.com/specials/visualization_software/visualization_software.htm
(1926 words)
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| | Modeling and Rendering of Points with Local Geometry |
 | | This is a more general point representation that, for the cost of a few additional bytes, packs much more information per point than the traditional point-based models. |  | | "Modeling and Rendering of Points with Local Geometry," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 09, no. 1, pp. |  | | This information is used to efficiently render the surface as a collection of local geometries. |
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http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/trans/tg/&toc=comp/trans/tg/2003/01/v1toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/TVCG.2003.1175095
(305 words)
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| | Selecting a TFT LCD Monitor for Gaming |
 | | This technology switches more quickly and also has the ability for each pixel to remain in whatever state it’s in without the need for the switching voltage to be constantly applied. |  | | Native Resolution is not usually a problem with everyday tasks...but can cripple the gaming experience. |  | | TFT Glass has as many TFTs as the number of pixels displayed, but these transistors are lighter than in previous LCD models. |
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http://www.d-silence.com/feature.php?id=249&pn=1
(1831 words)
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| | IBM ECVG - Business Card Reader |
 | | The system currently handles about 35% of the cards flawlessly, and up to 85% with only minor errors. |  | | We are investigating additional ways to improve this performance by exploiting known pixel geometries and pre-correcting for text slant and stroke width variation. |
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http://www.research.ibm.com/ecvg/fcmk_proj/business.html
(196 words)
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| | COLLIMATED HOLES, INC. |
 | | With a substantial inventory of optical glasses ready for use, CHI is able to deliver the specific solution to the most challenging optical design that are available (round, hexagonal, rectangular, square, and custom)and fused. |  | | Fiber optic windows generally have extremely demanding optical specifications because of the small pixel size of the device receiving the transmitted image. |  | | Typically rectangular in cross-section with planar polished surfaces, the structures are machined to conform to the package configuration of the semiconductor device. |
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http://www.collimatedholes.com/fused.html
(532 words)
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| | ALFA Preproposal |
 | | We are refining software to optimize pixel geometries and feed parameters, based on our unique knowledge of the Arecibo Gregorian optics system. |  | | Signal Conversion and Transmission System: The voltages from each pixel will be sent to a unit to provide filtering, additional amplification and conversion of the signal into the 100-500 MHz frequency range. |  | | This task will be carried out by all consortium members, but Cornell faculty and students and scientific staff at NAIC will likely play a leading role in the archiving and data mining activities. |
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http://alfa.naic.edu/hardware/preproposal/preproposal.html
(1598 words)
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| | Beyond3D - Which was nice. |
 | | The first problem is solved due to an often forgotten (in these days of fast depth buffers) fact about convex objects, the only hidden surface removal needed for a closed convex object is back face culling |  | | The only change to the light shader due to using 3D geometries rather than quads is that the we must use projective texture lookups to access the G-Buffer as the uv coordinates are now being interpolated in 3D space. |  | | The hardware is very good at projecting geometry, but our requirements for light volumes are different from the standard mesh projection. |
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http://www.beyond3d.com/articles/deflight/index.php?p=6
(1009 words)
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| | Multi-projectors for arbitrary surfaces without explicit calibration nor reconstruction |
 | | No explicit camera and projector calibration is required since only their relative geometries are computed using structured light patterns. |  | | The procedure defines a function establishing the correspondence of each pixel of a projector image to a pixel of the camera image. |  | | To achieve this, a single camera is used to capture the viewers perspective of the projection surface. |
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http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/3dim/2003/1991/00/1991toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/IM.2003.1240253
(315 words)
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| | Solid State Detectors |
 | | The main problem with CdZnTe (as a compound semiconductor) for X- and gamma-ray detection is poor charge collection and transport properties due to recombination and trapping of radiation-generated charge carriers, the problem being particularly severe for holes which show a mobility-lifetime product typically an order of magnitude less than for the electrons |  | | In addition to this spectroscopic characterization, we evaluated the performance of a simple, one-pixel imaging system, consisting of a single CdZnTe detector and a 60-keV radiation source. |  | | Architectures: single pixels of different size (0.1-2 mm) have been built,and arrays (mainly 6x6 pixels), with or without guard-ring. |
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http://www.na.infn.it/mfa/med/detector.html
(1141 words)
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| | [No title] |
 | | This paper presents a new approach that combines the easy conditioning of pixel-based algorithms with the ability to reproduce ``shapes'' of object-based techniques, without being too time and memory demanding. |  | | S can be a categorical property, for example facies, or a continuous value such as porosity or permeability, with its interval of variability discretized into K classes by (K-1) threshold values. |  | | In contrast, object-based techniques allow reproducing crisp geometries, but the conditioning on well data requires iterative ``trial-and-error'' corrections, which can be time-consuming, particularly when the data are dense with regard to the average object size. |
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http://pangea.stanford.edu/~strebell/SPE71324.doc
(3288 words)
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| | UV solar blind, low light level sensors tutorial |
 | | Thinning and back-illuminating a CCD allows for light to enter the back surface of the CCD. |  | | The sensor& blue response decreases rapidly with pixel size. |  | | As pixel geometries get smaller, this problem is exacerbated. |
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http://www.pvinc.com/tutorial/tutorial-UV.htm
(1140 words)
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| | MODTHEBOX.COM - Canada's Premier Case Modding Source |
 | | It's based on the R480 chip and comes with 12 pixel pipelines, a core speed of 500MHz, and 256MB of GDDR3 1GHz memory. |  | | "The GT model is quite similar to the 7 series flagship model, known as the 7800GTX, having 1 less vertex shader and 4 less pixel pipelines. |  | | The GT also has slower stock clock speeds of 400MHz core and 500MHz memory as compared to the GTX's 430MHz core and 600MHz memory. |
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http://www.modthebox.com/index.shtml
(3343 words)
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| | Silicon Detector Links |
 | | Yasuyuki Akiba: "Simulations, Tasks remaining, schedule and critical questions to address", ppt |  | | Previous geometries in various formats, and with HBD/TPC and CM: eps, ai, gif, jpg. |  | | Envelope Control drawings: HBD, VTX, older one from Piet Kroon |
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http://p25ext.lanl.gov/~hubert/phenix/silicon
(654 words)
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| | Liquid crystal display - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The electronics, or the software driving the electronics then turns on sinks in sequence, and drives sources for the pixels of each sink. |  | | In-plane switching or IPS is an lcd technology which changes the position of individual pixels in relation to the rest of the display. |  | | It is prized by engineers because it uses very small amounts of electric power, and is therefore suitable for use in battery-powered electronic devices. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display
(1848 words)
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| | Encke Division |
 | | This might be interpreted as a feature that is 10% of the width of the pixel with a zero contribution to the total pixel value. |  | | I decided to plot a cross-section of the pixel values as I had seen done by Sylvain Weiller to document his detection of the Encke Division using an Celestron 8 in. |  | | The pixel values at the location of the Encke Division are approximately 10% lower than the adjacent pixel values. |
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http://homepage.mac.com/joanlvh/Astronomy/EnckeDivision.html
(397 words)
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| | [No title] |
 | | This results % in separate output grids for each watershed. |  | | % shielding.m % % M-file to calculate topographic shielding for all pixels in a given watershed. |  | | The scheme is as follows: for a given pixel of interest, polar % coordinates relative to this pixel are assigned to each other pixel in the image. |
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http://depts.washington.edu/cosmolab/matlab/shielding.m
(354 words)
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| | eLCOS Technology Thread - AVS Forum |
 | | Remember this part when we start talking about the digital system... |  | | So for an analogue system to write a white pixel, they need to write say 5.5 volts to the pixel so that as the voltage decays, the average is going to be 4.5 volts. |  | | The overall cost is largely based on the materials and process used as well as the size of the final wafer. |
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http://www.avsforum.com/avs-vb/showthread.php?t=351020&page=3
(3227 words)
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| | Micron Semiconductor Silicon Detector Catalogue |
 | | Custom designs are a specialty, but there are no known restrictions for physicists to use these existing designs if considered suitable. |  | | Year 2004 sees the advent of large area multi-element pixels as thin as 15 microns up to thicknesses of 2000 microns initially in 4-inch technology, but soon available 6-inch technology. |  | | Many technology advances have been incorporated in the company including thicker and thinner multi-element totally depleting structures spanning the thickness range from 20 to 2000 microns. |
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http://www.micronsemiconductor.co.uk/product.asp
(224 words)
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| | MBARI-BOG CoOP95 Calibration |
 | | Fit coastline to image; yields mapping from pixel x,y to lon, lat |  | | Compute pixel temperatures from AVHRR channel 4 data using onboard calibration and standard NOAA coefficients. |  | | Adjust the entire image by adding adjustment offset to each pixel value. |
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http://www.mbari.org/bog/projects/centralcal/coop/avhrr/calibration.html
(136 words)
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