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| | Plaintext - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | In cryptography, plaintext is information used as input to an encryption algorithm; the output is termed ciphertext. |  | | Plaintext is vulnerable in use and in storage, whether in electronic or paper format. |  | | (See Paper shredder for specifications.) If plaintext is kept in a computer file, the disk along with the entire computer and its components must be secure. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext
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| | Plaintext — CLC Plone |
 | | Plaintext is also a term from cryptography, where it refers to the input into a crypto system, or the message to be encoded (also referred to as "clear text"). |  | | In the world of computers, plaintext is unencoded text, human-readable, without any formatting. |  | | Every example of plaintext will be paradoxically both unencoded and rigidly framed by codes. |
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http://www.as.wvu.edu/clc/projects/plaintext/document_view?month:int=2&year:int=2005
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| | Known Plaintext Attack |
 | | The known plaintext bytes are the inputs of the update_keys function, and the derived key3's are the outputs. |  | | In this case, 13 known plaintext bytes are required for the whole attack, and the complexity of analysis is 2^{38}. |  | | This known plaintext attack breaks the cipher using 40 (compressed) known plaintext bytes, or about the 200 first uncompressed bytes (if the file is compressed), with complexity 2^{34}. |
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http://www.svn.net/mycal/junk/attack.htm
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| | winterspeak.com |
 | | The average computer user does not understand the power of plaintext. |  | | It is the cleanest, simplest, least proprietary way of passing information from A to B. The Unix culture, where interoperability is God understands this, and has raised simple programs passing plaintext to a high Art. |  | | One possible reason is it comes from the PC-world where having a printer was all important, and don't understand that desktop publishing functions like bold, italic, and underline make no sense in the networked world, where data is rarely printed out. |
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http://www.winterspeak.com/columns/080801.html
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| | Cryptology |
 | | The plaintext is then converted into a set of binary bits which are then multiplied by the values of the public sequence and the result is recorded. |  | | The simplest substitution cipher is one where the alphabet of the cipher is merely a shift of the plaintext alphabet, for example, A might be encrypted as B, C as D and so forth. |  | | A standard cryptanalytic attack is to determine the key which maps a known plaintext to a known ciphertext. |
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http://www.ridex.co.uk/cryptology
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| | Known-Plaintext and Compression |
 | | The problem is the improved ability to analyze a ciphering function when one has both the input to -- and output from -- that function (this is known-plaintext, as opposed to having ciphertext-only). |  | | For example, if the plaintexts are all fixed size forms, then compressing them may result in the attacker getting more information that not doing so. |  | | Subject: Known plaintext considered harmless Date: 19 Jun 2001 05:20:32 -0000 From: lcs Mixmaster Remailer <mix@anon.lcs.mit.edu> Message-ID: <20010619052032.804.qmail@nym.alias.net> Newsgroups: sci.crypt Lines: 34 Inexperienced users of crypto systems are often concerned about known plaintext. |
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http://www.ciphersbyritter.com/NEWS6/KNOWNPLN.HTM
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| | Crypto-Gram: December 15, 1998 |
 | | For a 256-bit-key cipher, that would be 105 plaintext bytes. |  | | This number depends both on the characteristics of the plaintext and the key length of the encryption algorithm. |  | | For other plaintexts it will be more or less, but not that much more or less.) For DES, the unicity distance is 8.2 bytes. |
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http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-9812.html
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| | How PGP works |
 | | A cryptographic algorithm, or cipher, is a mathematical function used in the encryption and decryption process. |  | | A cryptographic algorithm works in combination with a key — a word, number, or phrase — to encrypt the plaintext. |  | | The hash function ensures that, if the information is changed in any way — even by just one bit — an entirely different output value is produced. |
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http://www.pgpi.org/doc/pgpintro
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| | plaintext - OneLook Dictionary Search |
 | | plaintext : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info] |  | | plaintext : Hutchinson Dictionary of Computers, Multimedia, and the Internet [home, info] |  | | plaintext : Glossary of Communications, Computer, Data, and Information Security Terms [home, info] |
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http://www.onelook.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=plaintext
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| | Plaintext |
 | | Plaintext recognizes that the Web, with its global reach and rapid, inexpensive ability to distribute texts, can help advance art in every form, not just at the technological leading edge. |  | | The best way to determine what writing the journal hopes to share with readers, of course, is to carefully read issues of Plaintext. |  | | The Web, like the computer by itself, can deliver a whole spectrum of traditional media. |
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http://gort.ucsd.edu/newjour/p/msg02253.html
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| | Chosen plaintext attack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Modern cryptography, on the other hand, is implemented in software or hardware and is used for a diverse range of applications; for many cases, a chosen-plaintext attack is often very feasible. |  | | Adaptive chosen-plaintext attack, where the cryptanalyst makes a series of interactive queries, choosing subsequent plaintexts based on the information from the previous encryptions. |  | | Conventional symmetric ciphers, in which the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt a text, are often vulnerable to this type of attack, for example, differential cryptanalysis of block ciphers. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chosen_plaintext_attack
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| | Monoalphabetic Substitution |
 | | Once we have found all possible matches, we can use a chi-squared statistic to determine which one is the most likely match for the known plaintext. |  | | Here's an example of how this codebreaking process might take place. |  | | The Applet below is programmed to illustrate this codebreaking process. |
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http://math.ucsd.edu/~crypto/java/EARLYCIPHERS/Monoalphabetic.html
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| | Ritter's Crypto Glossary and Dictionary of Technical Cryptography |
 | | Birthday (usually a hash attack): Use the birthday paradox, the idea that it is much easier to find two values which match than it is to find a match to some particular value. |  | | In modern cryptanalysis, we generally assume that the opponent has a substantial amount of known plaintext. |  | | Meet-in-the-Middle: Given a two-level multiple encryption, search for the keys by collecting every possible result for enciphering a known plaintext under the first cipher, and deciphering the known ciphertext under the second cipher; then find the match. |
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http://www.ciphersbyritter.com/GLOSSARY.HTM
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| | Amount of Plaintext Known to Attackers |
 | | For example, if you encrypt known information such as system files on a hard disk, the known plaintext is available for cryptanalysis. |  | | For a known plaintext attack, an attacker uses known information in encrypted files (such as |  | | For example, an early version of the Microsoft® Windows® 95 password file contained known encrypted plaintext, which enabled intruders to easily decipher user passwords that were stored in the file. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/Windows/2000/server/reskit/en-us/distrib/dsch_key_vuma.asp?frame=true
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| | What are plaintext and ciphertext? |
 | | Plaintext, also known as cleartext, is usable data. |  | | A cryptanalyst in possession of a piece of plaintext and the resulting ciphertext can attempt to mount a known plaintext attack. |  | | Encryption is the process of turning plaintext into ciphertext. |
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http://www.tech-faq.com/plaintext-ciphertext.shtml
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| | University of Maryland Computer Science Dept. Technical Reports |
 | | Formats available: Plaintext abstract-only (1410 bytes) Zipped Postscript (110K) |  | | Formats available: Plaintext abstract-only (1202 bytes) Zipped Postscript (93K) |  | | Formats available: Plaintext abstract-only (1272 bytes) Zipped Postscript (218K) |
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http://www.cs.umd.edu/Library/TRs
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| | PLAINTEXT |
 | | If the recipient has Word (or a compatible product), it may be an older version than you have - the internal storage format changes between versions and not everyone is rich enough - or bothers - to keep up. |  | | Most e-mail user programs (clients) contain their own simple plaintext editors. |  | | What many people fail to realize is that a Microsoft Word document (like those of many other traditional word processors) is much bigger than the corresponding plaintext file. |
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http://users.tkk.fi/~mvermeer/plain.html
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| | : PlainText Crypto, review at WorldSSP.net |
 | | The encoded text cannot be restored without having a key file that had been used for encoding. |  | | Free Software Download Directory - NetDownload.com - PlainText Crypto - Version... |  | | PlainText Crypto - Version 1.1Description: This program lets you encrypt your text files into a sequence of digits. |
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http://www.worldssp.net/webinfo.asp?proid=17140
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| | Description of the PLAINTEXT tag |
 | | The example is enclosed in a table and the PLAINTEXT causes Navigator to ignore the closing TD, TR and TABLE elements... |  | | As a result the example to this element will be invisible in Netscape Navigator. |  | | This means that every HTML element after the opening element is ignored and everything after the opening PLAINTEXT element is treated as normal text. |
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http://www.xs4all.nl/~dimaroan/htl/TAG_PLAINTEXT.html
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| | Welcome to the Worldwide Lexicon |
 | | DICT is an older plaintext protocol for querying dictionaries, and has been implemented on a few dozen dictionaries. |  | | The WWL-DICT gateway will make all public domain DICT resources visible through the WWL system. |
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http://picto.weblogger.com
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| | UW IMAP software-- |
 | | On Linux systems, use the lnp port, e.g. |  | | See the answer to the How do I configure virtual hosts? |  | | See the answer to the How do I configure the CRAM-MD5 database for plaintext passwords? |
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http://www.washington.edu/imap/IMAP-FAQs
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| | HTML Ref » Reference » HTML Element Reference |
 | | Typically, information affected by the tag is rendered in monospaced font. |  | | This element is no longer part of the HTML standard and should never be used. |
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http://www.htmlref.com/reference/appa/tag_plaintext.htm
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| | Editor Plaintext Embedding |
 | | The first step will probably be to separate the plaintext methods into a separate file, and provide build flags which make it possible to build only the plaintext parts of the editor library. |  | | The plaintext editor is explicitly not intended to be a "rich-text editor" which allows changes such as bold, italic, etc. While there is definitely a need for a rich-text editing interface (distinct from more elaborate editing functionality such as table editing), most clients requesting a plaintext editor do not need this functionality. |  | | Many clients will require features such as undo/redo (the transaction manager) and international input methods (IME) in a plaintext editor; others will not. |
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http://www.mozilla.org/editor/plaintext-embedding.html
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| | What is a known plaintext attack? |
 | | A known plaintext attack is an attack where the cryptanalyst has access to the ciphertext and the plaintext of one or more pieces of data. |  | | A known plaintext attack is somewhat easier to mount than a chosen plaintext attack, because a known plaintext attack does not require the cryptanalyst to be able to feed data into the encryption device, it only requires him to know what data is being fed into the device. |  | | Was our answer to What is a known plaintext attack? |
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http://www.tech-faq.com/known-plaintext-attack.shtml
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| | Definition of Ciphertext-only attack |
 | | For example, if an adversary is sending ciphertext continuously to maintain traffic-flow security, it would be very useful to be be able to distinguish real messages from nulls. |  | | One example is DES, which only has 56-bit keys. |  | | All that is needed is some way to distinguish valid plaintext from random noise, never a problem for natural languages. |
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http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Ciphertext-only_attack
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| | US-CERT: Welcome to the Reading Room |
 | | One solution to this problem is, through the use of cryptography, to prevent intruders from being able to use the information that they capture. |  | | Encryption is the process of translating information from its original form (called plaintext) into an encoded, incomprehensible form (called ciphertext). |  | | Decryption refers to the process of taking ciphertext and translating it back into plaintext. |
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http://www.us-cert.gov/reading_room/tocencyc.html
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| | Production First Software Encyclopedia of Typography and Electronic Communication : P |
 | | 2) Since the nature of PUA characters which can be serviced by fonts can vary from font to font, identifying PUA characters on a plaintext level may be moot, a rich text format level being required to identify fonts in text. |  | | plain text or plaintext Text which can be represented by ASCII text 1-byte characters or multi-byte basic script characters alone. |  | | Since the idea of the PUA is a « free-for-all, » any type of character belonging to any script may be included in the PUA. |
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http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/profirst/p.htm
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| | ISS X-Force Database: puresecure-plaintext-password(12047): PureSecure stores password and username in plain text |
 | | The information within this database may change without notice. |  | | CAN-2003-0340: Demarc Puresecure 1.6 stores authentication information for the logging server in plaintext, which allows attackers to steal login names and passwords to gain privileges. |  | | BugTraq Mailing List, Wed May 21 2003 - 14:17:57 CDT, Demarc Puresecure v1.6 - Plaintext password issue - at http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2003-05/0230.html. |
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http://xforce.iss.net/xforce/xfdb/12047
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| | HTML Reference: PLAINTEXT |
 | | The PLAINTEXT element defined a separated multi-line set of text to be rendered as it exists in the source document with the same line breaks. |  | | Comments in RFC 1866 state that PLAINTEXT has no ending element and all characters after the start element are data. |  | | RFC 1866 has declared PLAINTEXT as deprecated and some current browsers no longer recognize it. |
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http://info.uibk.ac.at/info/kurs/htmlkurs/htmlref/plaintext.html
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| | Plaintext |
 | | The text after the opening PLAINTEXT tag is typically rendered as a fixed-width font. |  | | Because the support and syntax are so erratic between browsers, consistent behavior can never be guaranteed. |  | | The original specification for this obsolete element states that it be used to stop the parsing of HTML tags by the browser. |
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http://www.free-scripts.net/html_tutorial/html/tagpages/p/plaintext.htm
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| | plaintext - a Whatis.com definition |
 | | In cryptography, plaintext is ordinary readable text before being encrypted into ciphertext or after being decrypted. |
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http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci213596,00.html
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| | My title for Chapter 1. |
 | | It can also specify transformations from one vocabulary of XML to another, and from XML to plaintext (which can be any format, including RTF and LaTeX). |
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http://xml.silmaril.ie/faq.txt
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| | plaintext from FOLDOC |
 | | Nearby terms: Plain Old Telephone Service « Plain Old Telephone System « plain TeX « plaintext » PLAN ».plan » Plan 9 |
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http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?plaintext
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