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| | Primary Sources on the Web |
 | | An electronic version of a primary source can be either a scanned image of the original document (a facsimile) or an ASCII text or word processed version, created by re-keying the content of the document or by using optical character recognition (OCR) to convert the image of the document into text. | | | Users of primary sources have always needed to examine their sources critically, but now with the proliferation of electronic resources from a wide variety of web site producers, evaluation is more important than ever before. | | | In a website of primary sources it is important to determine where the author got the documents. |
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http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/History/RUSA
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| | Primary sources: evaluating |
| | Primary sources exist in too many different forms to present anything but a suggestive list of issues to consider when evaluating how well a surrogate represents an original source. | | | Establishing the date for a source is a principal way to differentiate between multiple versions of the same item. | | | Only after determining the degree to which a primary source surrogate replicates the original version can one begin to interpret it. |
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http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/guides/primarysources/evaluating.html
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| | How To Read Primary Sources |
| | Early primary sources are more like a kaleidoscope than microscope: they fragment and rearrange the past rather than transparently reveal it. | | | If you have not read primary sources before, you might be surprised to find that it is not like reading from a textbook. | | | The ability to understand and make appropriate use of multiple sources of information is an essential skill that extends beyond the classroom. |
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http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/primarysources.asp
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| | Using digitized primary source materials in the classroom |
| | Using digitized primary source materials with K–12 students makes learning content more engaging and relevant, and helps students develop a wide range of skills. | | | Another effective use of primary source documents in helping students gain literacy skills is as mentor texts. | | | Students are using online digitized primary source materials to do original research. |
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http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue10_6/bloom
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| | Primary sources: definitions |
| | If you are unsure of what would be considered a primary source for your particular project, ask your professor for examples. | | | The value of a source is also determined by its use. | | | These sources often appear in the form of research articles with sections on methods and results. |
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http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/guides/primarysources/definitions.html
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| | JCU - Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Sources |
| | They tend to be works which repackage, reorganize, reinterpret, summarise, index or otherwise "add value" to the new information reported in the primary literature. | | | They are usually the first formal appearance of results in the print or electronic literature (for example, the first publication of the results of scientific investigations is a primary source.) | | | Once published, they will then be indexed in a bibliographic database, and repackaged and commented upon by others in secondary sources. |
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http://www.library.jcu.edu.au/LibraryGuides/primsrcs.shtml
(640 words)
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| | Primary source - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A newspaper article should often not be considered a primary source since it may be reporting events or information relayed by someone else. | | | They can be, however, almost any form of information: advertisements from the 1950s can be primary sources in a work on perceptions of modern technology, for example. | | | Secondary sources often are subjected to peer review, are well documented, and are often produced through institutions where methodological accuracy is important to the future of the author's career and reputation. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_sources
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| | How to Read a Primary Source |
| | A source need not be made of words to suggest a question. | | | You will need to read secondary sources to understand general events and patterns in order to spot the novelty. | | | The first task of the historian is to determine that need. |
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http://www.schrag.info/teaching/primary.html
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| | Primary Source Materials & Document Based Questions |
| | Using Primary Sources on the Web - This brief guide is designed to provide students and researchers with information to help them evaluate the internet sources and the quality of primary materials that can be found online. | | | Lesson Framework - A framework to help you use primary sources throughout your teaching. | | | Digitized Primary American History Sources - Links to libraries, universities and other repositories of digitized sources. |
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http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/fil/pages/listdocumentpa.html
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| | Library Research Using Primary Sources |
| | A secondary source is a work that interprets or analyzes an historical event or phenomenon. | | | Reference works and secondary sources can help you find background information on your topic, including names, dates and other information you can use to search library catalogs and article databases/indexes. | | | All of these formats except Internet sources can be found by searching library catalogs. |
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http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/PrimarySources.html
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| | UCLA Institute on Primary Resources - Definition of Primary Resources |
| | A secondary source is a work that interprets or analyzes an historical event or phenomenon. | | | In addition to the websites listed above, there are many more online sites where primary resources and information about utilizing primary resources in the classroom can be found. | | | The Teaching Library supplements the subject-oriented training received in the classroom with instruction in information resources and search techniques. |
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http://ipr.ues.gseis.ucla.edu/info/definition.html
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| | Primary Source Digital Archives and Collections |
| | The effective use of primary sources exposes us to important historical events and concepts, and engages our higher order thought processes of analysis, evaluation, synthesis and problem solving. | | | The principal goal of the Archive is to make primary texts and secondary sources on the internet available to students and faculty for use in history and humanity classes." Focus is prior to the 20th Century. | | | Worksheets and other devices whichguide users into deeper analysis of primary sources. |
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http://dewey.chs.chico.k12.ca.us/primary.html
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| | Primary Source Documents |
| | A well annotated list of different strategies that use the power of primary source documents to engage students and deepen understanding and learning of historical significance. | | | This set of materials and lessons has been designed to provide elementary children with experiences will enable them to better understand the complexities of primary source collections and how to do on-line research. | | | In pdf format, here is a printable guide for students to use in the analysis of written primary source documents |
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http://www.kenton.k12.ky.us/tr/psdoc.htm
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| | Reading, Writing, and Researching for History: A Guide for College Students |
| | I. Evaluating primary source texts: I've developed an acronym that may help guide your evaluation of primary source texts: PAPER. | | | Explain how such a difference in values might lead us to mis-interpret the text, or understand it in a way contemporaries would not have. | | | Here are some additional concepts that will help you evaluate primary source texts: |
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http://academic.bowdoin.edu/WritingGuides/primaries.htm
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| | Yale University Library: Yale University Library Research Guide |
| | The nature and value of a source cannot be determined without reference to the topic and questions it is meant to answer. | | | Talking to a knowledgeable reference archivist or librarian can save you time and effort. | | | The Yale University Library Finding Aid Database provides access to archival finding aids in a platform-independent electronic format. |
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http://www.library.yale.edu/instruction/primsource.html
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| | Primary Sources on the Web (Library Research Using Primary Resources |
| | In addition to primary sources, there are online lesson plans and other digital learning materials. | | | From the Library of Congress, the American Memory project is a collection of digitized documents, photographs, recorded sound, moving pictures and text from the Library of Congress Americana collections. | | | Primary Sources on the Web (Library Research Using Primary Resources |
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http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/PrimarySourcesOnTheWeb.html
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| | Reading a Primary Source |
| | Reading and evaluating such sources is a difficult but also exhilarating task. | | | Suggested questions for the evaluation of primary sources: | | | Read through the entire document quickly; from this overview you should have a sense of the |
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http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/hst300q3.htm
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| | "The Real Thing" A Primary Source WebQuest |
| | As you continue your learning and researching use this source of information to better understand the people and events. | | | We use many sources of information to answer our questions and research our topics. | | | Your textbook is an example of a secondary source because the author is writing about events that happened in the past but it may also contain many primary sources. |
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http://www.lr.k12.nj.us/site/cherokee/webquest/richter/primarysources.htm
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| | Classics in the History of Psychology -- Reading Suggestions for History of Psychology Courses |
| | Most of his commentary on the structure and function of the brain are to be found in other works. | | | Secondary textbooks are useful for giving general overviews and setting contexts, but they cannot replace reading the original words of important thinkers. | | | Another of Galen's works that might be of interest is his Commentary on Hippocrates' On the Nature of Man. |
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http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/suggestions.htm
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| | Primary Source: Library: Asia Lesson Plans |
| | The lesson is designed to have students draw comparisons between China and European countries in terms of technology and the ability to project national power overseas. | | | Students read the works of the Penjing master Qingquan Zhao as illustrated in both print and electronic sources. | | | This unit offers a way for students at the high school level to use an art form to increase their understanding of these philosophies and to view them as a integral part of life rather than a scholarly pursuit. |
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http://www.primarysource.org/library/cur_china.html
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| | Gale - Primary Source Microfilm - About |
| | On the eve of the new millennium, Primary Source Media merged with Gale Research and Information Access Company to became part of Thomson Gale — thus creating a new worldwide leader in information publishing for libraries, academic institutions and corporations. | | | Our purpose has been to provide access to rare, valuable research materials for libraries, scholars, faculty and students. | | | By 1997, we initiated a major undertaking to digitize selected collections from our microform vault, and in 1998 our first online products were published — once again proving our commitment to making our rare and valuable collections more widely accessible to scholars and researchers. |
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http://www.galegroup.com/psm/about.htm
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| | Frederick Drake - First-/ Second-/ and Third-Order Documents; Primary and Secondary Sources; Deliberative Discussion |
| | For example: while a textbook is typically considered a secondary source, a work such as David Saville Muzzey's History of the American People (1927) becomes a primary source when studying textbooks written in the 1920s. | | | Deliberative discussion is a means to develop historical understanding in students. | | | It is a synthesis of research, based on primary sources, and creativity that offers a narrative of the subject studied by the historian. |
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http://www.history.ilstu.edu/nhp/firstsecondthirdorder.html
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| | Researching History: Types of Sources |
| | Second, choose a topic where there is enough evidence (primary and secondary sources) that you can use (in languages that you read, that are accessible) for your research. | | | For additional information on formulating a research topic see: | | | Primary materials also need to be carefully read and interpreted. |
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http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/history/historyday/his.html
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| | Library of Congress Learning Page: The Historians' Sources: Analysis of Primary Sources |
| | Each piece of evidence and source must be cross-checked and compared with related sources and pieces of evidence. | | | Then read the questions for analyzing primary sources. | | | Some primary sources may be judged more reliable than others, but every source is biased in some way. |
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http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/psources/analyze.html
(529 words)
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| | The Linux Kernel Archives |
| | The Linux kernel, as well as several other pieces of software, are maintained using the git source code control system. | | | For a more user-friendly wrapper around git, see Cogito. | | | This site includes publicly available encryption source code which, together with object code resulting from the compiling of publicly available source code, may be exported from the United States under License Exception "TSU" pursuant to 15 C.F.R. Section 740.13(e). |
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http://www.kernel.org/#whatislinux
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| | Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Main Page |
| | Within the major sections, to indicate a few high quality web sites for further source material and research. | | | Internet History Sourcebooks Project began as a way to access texts that were already available on the Internet, it now contains hundreds of texts made available locally. | | | The Internet Modern History Sourcebook now contains thousands of sources and the previous index pages were so large that they were crashing many browsers. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.html
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| | Medieval Sourcebook: Introduction |
| | A Section of the Sourcebook devoted to presentation at this site, or links to other sites, of projects (longer papers, dissertations, theses) which are based on and/or include editions of primary sources. | | | A help page, on use of the Sourcebook, for research questions, and on use of the Internet.. | | | The texts in the Sourcebook have come from a number of different sources, printed and electronic. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html
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| | Primary Sources on the Web |
| | Alex is a comprehensive catalog of books and other works that enables users to find and retrieve the full text of documents on the Internet. | | | You can also find background information on New Deal programs. | | | Legislative information, historical exhibits, primary source materials, resources for educators, research tools, and more are available from the Library of Congress. |
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http://www.eduplace.com/ss/hmss/primary.html
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| | Using Primary Sources |
| | What other sources might help answer our questions about this one? | | | What other information do we have about this document or object? | | | As history books, they would be classified as secondary sources. |
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http://www.dohistory.org/on_your_own/toolkit/primarySources.html
(353 words)
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| | CLRN Definitions |
| | Reference sources are especially helpful for getting an overview of a subject when starting a research project. | | | Secondary Source: Secondary sources are works that are based on analysis of primary sources, such as textbooks, biographies, nonfiction books about history and monographs. | | | Primary sources need not be replicas or facsimiles of the original. |
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http://www.clrn.org/definitions
(2339 words)
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| | Medieval & Renaissance Europe |
| | A growing database of printed source collections with primary and secondary books | | | Accessible by browsing or by advanced search protocols | | | Complete facsimile of the Codex Palatinus Germanicus 848 in the Heidelberg university library, |
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http://library.byu.edu/~rdh/eurodocs/medren.html
(1331 words)
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| | OHS - Resource - Teachers - Primary Sources |
| | Ask students to bring in a document that they would be willing share with the class and analyze the documents. | | | Primary source documents provide unique opportunities for the past to be explored. | | | Have students examine primary source documents from the Internet. |
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http://www.ohiohistory.org/resource/teachers/primary.html
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| | Teachers: Getting the Most from Primary Source Materials |
| | The most obvious example of a secondary source would be the traditional history textbook found in every classroom library. | | | The term "historical artifact" on the other hand is generally understood to be broader and includes primary sources, as well as a host of other objects not limited to print material. | | | Guide students to use context clues when defining unfamiliar terms or phrases. |
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http://www.campsilos.org/sources.shtml
(701 words)
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| | What is a Primary Source? |
| | Digital archival resources in special collections are becoming more available through the Internet. Many digital library collections contain primary resources such as photographs, scanned images of letters or the full text of books and journal articles. | | | A primary source is a document, speech, or other type of evidence written, created or otherwise produced during the time period under study. | | | A secondary source provides interpretation and analysis of historical events or phenomenon. Secondary sources are at least one step or more removed from the event and are generally written by someone other than the individual who experienced the event. |
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http://library.stritch.edu/libguides/primary.htm
(475 words)
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| | Primary_Source |
| | The idea is to take a few seconds before you "turn" the page just to make sure that you have understood the source so far. | | | For example, Crowe's presentation of mathematical accomplishments is often included among the other primary sources, because his discussions can give you a flavor of the original author's work, substituting for the more difficult actual mathematical or astronomical texts. | | | A Secondary Source is any work that is consulted to help us understand or interpret the primary sources. |
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http://homepage.mac.com/kvmagruder/hsci/assignments/source.html
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| | The Learning Page--Getting Started: Directory of Internet Resources |
| | Questions for students' use in analyzing the documents are provided. | | | New York Public Library Digital Library Collection - Visual and text sources on such topics as the history of the performing arts and African Americans in the 19th century. | | | Core Documents of U.S. Democracy – The Government Printing Office provides links to many source documents, including executive orders, presidential papers, and the U.S. Code. |
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http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/start/inres/ushist/primary.html
(1011 words)
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| | Colorado Digitization Program |
| | A gateway to high quality sites for digitized primary source materials, lessons and information. | | | This section provides resources and information for educators who are just getting started using digitized primary source materials, as well as those who are looking to broaden their skills or those of their colleagues. | | | Thinking of developing a workshop for using digitized primary source materials with educators in your area? |
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http://host1.cdpheritage.org/educator/cdp
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| | mdhs.org > School Programs> Primary Source Analysis Worksheets |
| | mdhs.org > School Programs> Primary Source Analysis Worksheets | | | All sources provide a window to past events and people's lives. | | | How clear these windows are and how wide a view they give, depends upon the types of sources historians use to investigate the past. |
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http://www.mdhs.org/teachers/worksheets.html
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| | The Primary Source - Help |
| | You'll find all the navigation tools you need at the top of every page. | | | Primary Source is our contribution to the overstrained and undervalued humanities. | | | Primary Source is published by discontents - purveyors of fine ideas. |
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http://www.discontents.com.au/primary/help.htm
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| | Process Guide #4 - Primary Source Documents |
| | When reviewing a document consider each of the following. | | | This guide will help you sort through any number of primary source documents. | | | To get the most of a document you must examine who wrote it, why, the intended audience, motives or intentions, and what information is being presented. |
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http://projects.edtech.sandi.net/staffdev/tpss99/processguides/HowToPrimaryS.html
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| | Primary Sources |
| | For an overview list to help with DBQs check: Primary Source Documents: An Internet Hotlist | | | Primary Sources: Chico High School (a major gateway!) | | | Primary Sources, Activities, and Training for Educators and Students |
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http://mciunix.mciu.k12.pa.us/~spjvweb/primary.html
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| | What is a PRIMARY SOURCE? |
| | Try to identify other examples in the activity below. | | | A PRIMARY SOURCE is an ORIGINAL WORK of a person. | | | A PRIMARY SOURCE tells you a person's ideas in his or her own words. |
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http://www.archives.state.al.us/activity/actvty43.html
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| | Primary and Secondary Sources and the Research Process |
| | Sometimes, the same source might be a primary source for one research paper and a secondary source for another. | | | Primary and Secondary Sources and the Research Process | | | Primary sources are first hand sources; secondary sources are second-hand sources. |
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http://library.albany.edu/usered/basics/primary.html
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| | Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources--Library Instruction--BGSU Libraries |
| | Secondary sources, on the other hand, offer an analysis or a restatement of primary sources. | | | Primary sources are the "materials on a topic upon which subsequent interpretations or studies are based, anything from firsthand documents such as poems, diaries, court records, and interviews to research results generated by experiments, surveys, ethnographies, and so on."* | | | Examples of secondary sources include: dictionaries, encyclopedias, textbooks, and books and articles that interpret or review research works. |
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http://www.bgsu.edu/colleges/library/infosrv/lue/primary.html
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| | Primary Sources |
| | Children are rarely encouraged to use primary sources in their original form because some archivists and teachers question their ability to work effectively with primary sources or they consider children a physical threat to the collections. | | | As students learn to recognize the subjective nature of evidence and gain an ability to identify limitations within a given source, they develop skills to make appropriate use of many sources of information. | | | The opportunity to responsibly exploit the power of digital technology to deliver primary sources over the Internet should greatly expand the use of primary sources by K-12 students and teachers. |
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http://www.si.umich.edu/SPIES/lounge-sources.html
(615 words)
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| | What is a primary source? |
| | A primary source is a document, speech, or other sort of evidence written, created or otherwise produced during the time under study. | | | Finding sources are research tools that lead to primary or secondary sources. | | | Secondary sources provide interpretation and analysis of primary sources. |
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http://www.library.unr.edu/instruction/help/primary.html
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| | ADAH: Using Primary Sources in the Classroom |
| | This project is designed to help teachers more easily integrate the use of primary source materials into their classrooms. | | | Library of Congress Learning Page: Framework for Using Primary Sources with Students | | | Lessons can be used without modification, adapted for specific class use, or entire new lessons and activities may be created based on the primary source materials provided. |
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http://www.archives.state.al.us/teacher/psources.shtml
(426 words)
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| | Primary Source Investigation |
| | Primary Source - original works in various media formats such as photographs, drawings, letters, diaries, documents, books, films, posters, play scripts, speeches, songs, sheet music, and first-person accounts that are recorded at the time of an event. | | | Primary source materials are often found at home in the form of photographs, letters, diaries, and home movies. | | | However, they are not always recognized as being a primary source. |
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http://www.cyberbee.com/yesteryear
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| | Primary Sources |
| | American Memory Project: Perhaps the largest collection of digitized primary sources materials relating to the history and culture of the United States claiming over 7 million digitized items! | | | In the student-published work section, there are numerous examples of interviews students have conducted with their community members to document historical events in their area. | | | - Find at least one primary source that either you or a colleague could use with students to enrich their studies and add it to your Yahoo!® Bookmarks account (will open in new window). |
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http://www.k12science.org/cyberteacher/v2/primarysource2.htm
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