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| | Initiation (phonetics) - Wikpedia |
 | | The third and final known form of initiation in human language is velaric initiation: initiation at the velum, or soft palate. | | | The only attested use of a velar egressive is a bilabial one in Damin, which lacks an IPA symbol. | | | In many languages, all phones are pulmonic egressives. |
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http://www.bostoncoop.net/~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Airstream_mechanism
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| | side |
| | Other languages often use ejectives as positional or stylistic variants of pulmonic egressive sounds. | | | Ejectives are found in contrast to pulmonic egressive sounds in languages of North and Central America, many languages in Africa and in Caucasian languages. | | | An egressive airstream is one which moves from inside the vocal tract to the outside. |
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http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/sid/side.htm
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| | Articulatory Phonetics - Consonants Introduction to Linguistics |
| | The degree to which we obstruct this airstream determines whether we consider a sound a consonant or a vowel. | | | This is an airstream that originates in the lungs (=pulmonic), and it comes out rather than goes in (=egressive). | | | The book gives a detailed description of the speech organs available to humans, and I have nothing to add. |
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http://www.hamline.edu/personal/aschramm/linguistics2001/8conson.html
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| | Definition of Pulmonic egressive |
| | Otherwise, you can help by formatting it per the Wiktionary guidelines in preparation for the move. | | | The list of authors can be found here. | | | Pulmonic sounds are sounds in which the air stream originates in the lungs. |
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http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Pulmonic_egressive
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| | Baghemil, Bruce |
| | The pulmonic parameter refers to airstream mechanism: [+/Ñexpiration], also "pulmonic egressive" or "pulmonic ingressive", indicates direction of airflow. | | | The katajjait exhibit phonological and morphological characteristics that are well-attested in other languages of the world. | | | These new representations facilitate comparison of katajjait with other linguistic systems, and allow the deduction of certain rules or generalizations about katajjait; for example, [+voice] and [Ñexpiration] do not occur together. |
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http://www.music-cog.ohio-state.edu/~jveltman/research/resources/Baghemil_1988.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Most speech sounds used by Indo-European language speakers are produced on a pulmonic and egressive airstream. | | | An airstream initiated by the glottis is called a glottalic airstream. | | | The velaric egressive airstream produces a speech getsure known as "spitting". |
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http://web.udl.es/usuaris/m0163949/airflow.htm
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| | ProdMech |
| | Most speech sounds in Indo-European phonological systems, with the exception of some speech gestures, are produced on a pulmonic airstream. | | | Most speech sounds in Indo-European phonological systems, with the exception of some speech gestures, are produced on an egressive airstream. | | | This is for general phonetics; when we come to English sounds we see that all of them, are produced on a pulmonic egressive airstream. |
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http://web.udl.es/usuaris/m0163949/prodmech.htm
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| | 8. Summary and Discussion |
| | The simple-released-plosives present a level of intermediate complexity in the study of the breath-stream dynamics of speech. | | | The present study is of the breath-stream dynamics of the class of speech sounds referred to here as the simple-released-plosives. | | | These speech sounds are defined as those released stops with an egressive, pulmonic pressure and a single articulatory closure, in addition to a possible velopharyngeal closure. |
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http://www.rothenberg.org/Breath-Stream/8.htm
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| | B07 Sound patterns in Human Language: Airstream mechanisms |
| | This is not used regularly in languages, but you can do a pulmonic ingressive uvular trill if you try (that's a snore). | | | This contrasts with egressives, where /k'/ is the most common sound, followed by /t'/ and then /p'/. | | | The articulatory description of this sounds complex, but when you hear these sounds made, they are easy to imitate. |
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http://cspeech.ucd.ie/~fred/teaching/oldcourses/phonetics/airstream1.html
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| | Alveolar flap: |
| | The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth. | | | It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides. | | | The alveolar tap is the single orthographic 'r' in the middle of Spanish words, as in pero ("but"), but not in perro ("dog"), where it is an alveolar trill. |
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http://wikipedia.openfun.org/Alveolar_flap
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| | BertinEnglish |
| | The most common of its type is made on an egressive pulmonic airstream mechanism. | | | The first type, he says, employs a simple pulmonic egresssive airstream, the second combines this airstream with a velaric ingressive one, and the third one adds to these two a glottalic ingressive airstream. | | | Those have been clearly described as using the same airstream mechanism, that is the egressive pulmonic airstream mechanism. |
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http://www.lpl.univ-aix.fr/lpl/personnel/yeouhenoue/bertinenglish.htm
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| | Air-stream mechanism exercises |
| | I use it below in combination with [b] and [d] in place of the correct IPA symbols for bilabial and alveolar implosives, due to lack of the appropriate symbols in a web-readable font. | | | In the following, pulmonic, egressive air produced for a vowel ([a], [ |
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http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/~jcoleman/airstream_exercises.htm
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| | Linguistics 201: Articulatory Phonetics |
| | The majority of the sounds in all languages of the world are pulmonic egressive sounds. However, in addition to using air being actively exhaled (or inhaled), two other airstream mechanisms are used to produce some of the sounds in some of the world's languages. | | | And no language uses a gastric airstream mechanism, which would be modifying air burped up from the stomach. | | | A few of the Bantu languages of South Africa, such as Zulu, have clicks; presumably, these sounds were borrowed from the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoi (Hottentot) peoples who originally lived throughout all southern Africa. Zulu and the other Bantu languages that use clicks spell them with the letters c, x, q. |
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http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test2materials/articulatory_phonetics.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The majority of sounds used in languages of the world are thus produced by a pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism. | | | Sounds created by exhaling are said to be made by using a pulmonic egressive ("blowing out") air-stream mechanism. | | | Implosives and ejectives are produced by a glottalic airstream, while clicks a produced by a velaric airstream mechanism. |
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http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~afeldman/201/phonetics.html
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| | IPA Tables |
| | The diagram above shows a cross section of the human head and various parts of the aparatus used in the production of human speech. | | | It is possible to speak by making the air go into out lungs, rather than out of it. | | | They are produced by varying the position of the tongue, and voicing the sounds which resonate in the area above the larynx and in the mouth. |
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http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/sapienti/phon/ipasymb.htm
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| | Chapter 12 |
| | most languages use only pulmonic or only pulmonic egressive sounds | | | there is furthermore another closure which seals the oral cavity, similar to regular pulmonic sounds. | | | we breathe in quickly, and breathe out slowly, using that egressive air for speech. |
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http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~nrosen/lecture10.html
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| | Lecture2 |
| | The majority of sounds used in languages of the world are produced by a pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism (All the sounds in English are produced in this manner). | | | Sounds produced by using air from the lungs are called pulmonic sounds, since the air is pushed out, they are called egressive. | | | The production of any speech sound (or any sound at all) involves the movement of air. |
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http://www.ling.udel.edu/arena/lecture2.html
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| | [No title] |
| | velar glottalic egressive sound with simultaneous nasal hum d. | | | If it is a possible sound, what should the IPA symbol look like? |
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http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/ratree/lin3201/hw1.doc
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| | Phonology |
| | Children may also be less subtle in controlling the flow of egressive air, so that they will continue speaking, rather than pause briefly, while drawing more air in. | | | We form consonants by controlling or impeding the egressive (outward) flow of air. | | | Very young children do not produce the sounds they will use as adults partly because they are unable to form them (physically their speech organs have not developed fully) and partly because they may not know exactly what the sound is that they wish to produce. |
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http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/lang/phonology.htm
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| | Xhosa - Language Directory |
| | Xhosa has a relatively simple set of vowels, but it is rich in unusual consonants. | | | The first is the dental click, which is made with the tongue on the back of the teeth, and is the sound represented in English by "tut-tut" or "tsk-tsk" used to reprimand someone. | | | Besides normal pulmonic egressive sounds, it has 3 basic clicks in addition to ejectives and implosives. |
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http://www.geocities.com/language_directory/languages/xhosa.htm
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| | Homework 6 |
| | What is the overall difference between an egressive and ingressive type of sound, no matter whether it be pulmonic, glottalic or velaric? | | | When do we use egressive pulmonic airstreams in English? | | | What is the phonetic cue for the t-d distinction in Dutch? |
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http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~nrosen/homework6.html
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| | Resource Type Index Of Resources |
| | X-Sampa-IPA keyboard - With this tool, you can enter X-SAMPA quite near to the standard with your usual keyboard. | | | Ergativity Reference Page - This page is intended to explain anything and everything about ergativity. | | | Consonant Articulation: Interactive Demonstration - An immensely cool page for understanding pulmonic egressive consonants. |
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http://www.langmaker.com/db/rsc_index_resourcetype.htm
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| | Actions of the Larynx |
| | Pulmonic Egressive Air pushed out from the lungs. | | | Regular and Tense (between Modal and Creaky) vowels | | | Pulmonic Egressive Stop (Plosive) Produced by closure in the oral cavity. |
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http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~guion/411notes/actlar.htm
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