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| | x-sampa.edict |
 | | LATERAL <<b>bb>>APPROXIMANTb>bb>> l` \0x026D vd <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> lateral L\ \0x029F vd velar lateral # | | | z` \0x0290 vd <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> fricative C \0x00E7 vl palatal fricative# | | | FRICATIVE p\ \0x0278 vl bilabial fricative s` \0x0282 vl <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> fricative z` \0x0290 vd <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> fricative j\ \0x029D vd palatal fricative X\ \0x0127 vl pharyngeal fricative?\ \0x0295 vd pharyngeal fricative h\ \0x0266 vd glottal fricative# |
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http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~nss/encoder/x-sampa.edict
(751 words)
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| | Other vowel parameters |
| | The tongue tip may be curled back to perform a <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>>, whatever the tongue body is doing. | | | English has a few environments where vowels may be (non-contrastively) nasalized. |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/sec3/morevowl.htm
(501 words)
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| | [conlang] Digest Number 4095 |
| | The CXS symbol for the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> is [r\`], which is a direct mapping of the components of the IPA symbol: the symbol for the dental/alveolar/postalveoloar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> [r\] plus the rhotic hook [`]. | | | The CXS symbol for the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> > <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> is [r\`], which is a direct mapping of the components of the > IPA symbol: the symbol for the dental/alveolar/postalveoloar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> > [r\] plus the rhotic hook [`]. | | | It can indeed; and IMO it would be preferable not to use '<<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>' this way for that very reason. |
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http://www.mail-archive.com/conlang@yahoogroups.com/msg00087.html
(7062 words)
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| | Language Log: 1421 |
| | It is phonologically impossible since Tamil has no [z] sound and since the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> sometimes romanized (Tamil &;) cannot appear in initial position. | | | When I asked them about this form, Dravidianist Harold Schiffman agreed with Ryan, and Tamil scholar and native speaker Vasu Renganathan said that he knew no such word.] |
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http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/000409.html
(2198 words)
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| | Lateral consonant - Enpsychlopedia |
| | Rarer lateral consonants include the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> laterals that can be found in most Indic languages; and the sound of Welsh ll, the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [&;] that is also found in Zulu and many Native American languages. | | | One, found before vowels as in lady or fly, is called clear l, pronounced as the alveolar lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> [l] with a "neutral" position of the body of the tongue. | | | The most common laterals are approximants and belong to the class of liquids. |
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http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Laterals
(626 words)
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| | Mock Exam Posibble Answers |
| | [ɭ] - pulmonic egressiv, <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>, lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>>, voiced; | | | [ɽ] - pulmonic egressiv, <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>, tap or flap, voiced; | | | Give one example of IPA symbols for vowels and one example for consonants, none of which occur in English or German, and describe them in terms of articulatory features. |
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http://www.spectrum.uni-bielefeld.de/~aeberhard/tutorials/materials/examsol.html
(1051 words)
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| | Home Fresh : Article 'Lateral thinking' |
| | He defines it as a technique of problem solving by approaching problems indirectly at diverse angles instead of concentrating on one approach at length. | | | One well-known college play involving the lateral pass is the infamous "Band Play" in the Stanford-California game from 1982. | | | The answer appears to be 25 feet deep, but we can generate some Lateral thinking ideas about what affects the size of the hole: A hole may need to be a certain size or shape so digging might stop early at a required depth. |
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http://www.home-fresh.net/DisplayArticle248055.html
(743 words)
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| | Mock Exam Posibble Answers |
| | [ɭ] - pulmonic egressiv, <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>, lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>>, voiced; | | | Give one example of IPA symbols for vowels and one example for consonants, none of which occur in English or German, and describe them in terms of articulatory features. | | | [ʎ] - pulmonic egressiv, palatal, lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>>, voiced; |
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http://www.spectrum.uni-bielefeld.de/~aeberhard/tutorials/materials/examsol.html
(1051 words)
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| | 5pSC11 An articulatory and perceptual study of Tamil liquids. |
| | They are the lateral approximation [l], the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> [(hooked ell)], the alveolar tap [i], the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> tap [p], and an obscure segment that has been variously described. | | | The dimensions which are explored include duration (distinguishing flaps and approximants), dynamic tongue movement (distinguishing <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> and nonretro-flex), and constriction location/spectral shape (distinguishing [l] and the obscure liquid). | | | However, unlike other segments in Tamil which require tongue tip backing (the retroflexes) there is no evidence of dynamic tongue movement during the closure and some suggestion of acoustic zeros, perhaps from a lateral opening. |
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http://www.auditory.org/asamtgs/asa95wsh/5pSC/5pSC11.html
(186 words)
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| | Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA |
| | K\ labiodental <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> P (or v\) alveolar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> r\ <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> r\` velar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> M\ <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> l` palatal lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> L velar lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> L\ | | | s\ alveolo-palatal fricative, voiced z\ alveolar lateral flap l\ simultaneous S and x x\ tie bar _ | | | A~ (or A_~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _} velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q |
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http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm
(725 words)
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| | Lojban Reference Grammar: Chapter 3 |
| | Thus Lojbanized names, which are generally required to end in a consonant, are allowed to end with a syllabic consonant. | | | An example is ``rl.'', which is an approximation of the English name ``Earl'', and has two syllabic consonants. | | | Syllables with syllabic consonants and no vowel are never stressed or counted when determining which syllables to stress (see Section 9). |
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http://www.lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar/chapter3.html
(6284 words)
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| | <<b>bb>>Approximantb>bb>> consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Although many languages have central vowels [ɨ,ʉ] which lie between back/velar [ɯ, u] and front/palatal [i, y], no language is known to have corresponding approximants. | | | For example, the voiceless labialized velar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> [ʍ] has traditionally been called a fricative. | | | Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximant
(365 words)
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| | Rhotic consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The IPA symbol for the alveolar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> is [ɹ] and the symbol for the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> is [ɻ]. | | | Alveolar or <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>>, as in most accents of English (with minute differences): The front part of the tongue approaches the upper gum, or the tongue-tip is curled back towards the roof of the mouth ("retroflexion"). | | | In northern England, there used to be accents which employed the voiced velar fricative, which was called a "burr." In southern England, the velar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> is considered a prestigious kind of lisp, though it does not occur in many other national dialects. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotic_consonant
(602 words)
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| | [conlang] Digest Number 4096 |
| | And there are region that have [r\] (voiced alveolar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>>, (not the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> one)). | | | We have not all been writing about the same thing or using the term '<<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>' in the same way. | | | The first syllable is already poised as a <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>. |
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http://www.mail-archive.com/conlang@yahoogroups.com/msg00088.html
(6636 words)
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| | The Language Vorlin |
| | The period cannot be used to indicate abbreviations or initials as it is in English. | | | In English, a relative clause must always occur after the noun which it modifies; approximately half of the world’s languages put relative clauses before the modified noun. | | | Most European languages use a comma to represent the decimal point, while English uses a period; and so we may find “pi” approximated as “3,14159” or “3.14159” depending on the language of the author. |
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http://www.rickharrison.com/language/vorlin1999.html
(8346 words)
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| | RRRRRRRR's |
| | The alveolar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> is the English /r/ -- don't roll your tongue back though, that would be a <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>>. | | | For example, the /r/ in initial /ra/ (in "standard" pronunciation) is pretty much exactly the sound the IPA symbol for the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> flap represents (I can't write the symbol here - it's Unicode 027d, an r with a tail hooking up to the right) - and that symbol certainly is used for other languages too. | | | A <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> tap is to tap the hard palate with the tip of your tongue. |
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http://www.animelyrics.com/forum/topic_show.pl?tid=17308
(622 words)
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| | Lojban Reference Grammar: Chapter 3 |
| | Thus Lojbanized names, which are generally required to end in a consonant, are allowed to end with a syllabic consonant. | | | An example is ``rl.'', which is an approximation of the English name ``Earl'', and has two syllabic consonants. | | | However, a comma cannot be pronounced as a pause or glottal stop between the two letters separated by the comma, because that pronunciation would split the word into two words. |
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http://www.lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar/chapter3.html
(6284 words)
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| | Retroflex_lateral_flap Information, Facts, Resources |
| | In the Tamil language the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> is often realized as a flap, but this is not contrastive. | | | The symbol for the alveolar lateral flap is combined with the tail of the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> consonants to create the ad hoc symbol for the <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> lateral flap, <ɺ̢> (here created as a digraph, with a diacritic for the tail, since there is no Unicode value for this symbol). | | | The Iwaidja language of Australia has both alveolar and <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> lateral flaps, and perhaps a palatal lateral flap as well. |
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http://mbceo.com/index.php?title=Retroflex_lateral_flap
(193 words)
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| | Phonetics and Phonology |
| | Simultaneous bilabial, palatal or velar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> produced at the same time as a primary articulation which has a higher degree of stricture (usually stop stricture, occasionally fricative stricture) and which is produced at another place of articulation. | | | Which vocal organ provides the main source of power in producing ejectives and implosives? |
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http://www.ling.mq.edu.au/units/ling210-901/phonetics/general_phonetics_samples/index.html
(875 words)
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| | Acoustic enhancement |
| | <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>Retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> approximants, pharyngeal approximants, and lip rounding are so often performed simultaneously because all three have the same desired acoustic effect -- lowering F3. | | | ] by doing only the lip rounding and/or the pharyngeal <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>>: | | | You can often get a reasonable approximation of an [ |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/138/sec4/enhance.htm
(302 words)
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| | Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristân |
| | R represents a <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>>, as opposed to a tapped r. | | | Harshening lowers the spectral frequency of a fricative by apicalizing and retroflexing it. | | | Consonants: <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>Retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> (apico-postalveolar) consonants are indicated by CAPITAL letters: T, D, C, J, S, Z, R, N, and ñ. |
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http://users.sedona.net/~strand/Nuristani/nuristanis.html
(3223 words)
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| | Svealand Swedish - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography |
| | A major characteristic of Svealand Swedish is the coalescence of the phoneme /r/ with following dental and alveolar consonants — also over word-boundaries — that transforms them into <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> consonants that in some cases reduces the distinction between words (as for instance bod — bord, i.e. | | | This feature is also found in Oslo Norwegian and in some dialects of Scottish Gaelic. | | | Svealand Swedish (in Swedish: Sveamål) is one of the major grouping of Swedish dialects, clearly distinguished from Finland-Swedish and the Swedish spoken in Southern Sweden. |
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http://www.arikah.net/encyclopedia/Sveam%E5l
(161 words)
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| | User:Sundar/Tamil language - tScholars.com |
| | The l (pictured right) in the name Tamil is pronounced like a <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> r and is often transliterated as zh. | | | This phoneme is believed to be unique to Tamil and Malayalam. |
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http://www.tscholars.com/encyclopedia/User:Sundar/Tamil_language
(2100 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled |
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http://www.biodatabase.de/Listofconsonants
(52 words)
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| | 7 bit representation of the IPA |
| | Velar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> ("turned m with long right leg") | | | Palatal nasal ("n with leftward hook at left") |
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http://www.blahedo.org/ascii-ipa.html
(577 words)
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| | Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA |
| | K\ labiodental <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> P (or v\) alveolar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> r\ <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> r\` velar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> M\ <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> l` palatal lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> L velar lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> L\ |
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http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm
(725 words)
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| | X-SAMPA code (2) |
| | labiodental <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> P (or v\) alveolar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> r\ <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> r\` velar <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> M\ <<<<<b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>>retroflexb>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>><<b>bb>>bb>bb>>b>bb>>bb>bb>>><b>bb>b>bb>>bb>bb>>>>> lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> l` palatal lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> L velar lateral <<b>bb>>approximantb>bb>> L\ Clicks: |
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http://coral.lili.uni-bielefeld.de/Classes/Winter98/LingHyper/AbidjanCourse/abidjancourse/node22.html
(95 words)
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