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| | conlangs: Sound changes before r |
 | | Also, you might consider the theoretical implications, which is interesting but I guess not important for an a priori set of constructed dialects. | | | It's not a natlang, and I'm purposefully tramping on some universals for fun, but I don't want it to seem too contrived, and I want it work "naturally" in my artificial conworld. | | | you might consider the retroflex r flap thing prevalent in Indic/Dravidian languages |
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http://www.livejournal.com/community/conlangs/222784.html
(1387 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | But a palatalized "t" at the end of a word or followed by a consonant would be a problem. | | | Well, I don't know if I'll always be able to represent every distinction in every language. | | | If I wanted to, I could use a retroflex "rts" [t;s;] / [t`s`] for Russian "sh", to distinguish it from "ts", and a palatalized "t" followed by a vowel could be "ti" [tSj]. |
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http://listserv.brown.edu/archives/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0305c&L=conlang&P=15281
(364 words)
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| | Lojban Reference Grammar: Chapter 3 |
| | In Lojban, as much as possible, the sound of a consonant is unrelated to its position. | | | In particular, the common American English trait of changing a ``t'' between vowels into a ``d'' or even a flap (IPA [¨]) is unacceptable in Lojban. | | | It is important to avoid the GA habit of pronouncing the ``t'' between vowels as [d] or [R]. |
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http://www.lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar/chapter3.html
(6284 words)
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| | A n u k r i t i . N e t - Post Graduate Diploma in Translation Studies |
| | Resultantly, the languages which were quite different lexically and structurally earlier have become so similar now. | | | Then [E] has been for the half-open unrounded front vowel. | | | In this paper [T, Th, D, Dh, R, L, S ] have been used for the voiceless unaspirated retroflex stop, the voiceless aspirated retroflex stop, the voiced unaspirated retroflex stop, the voiced aspirated retroflex stop, the unaspirated retroflex flap, the retroflex nasal, and the retroflex lateral, repectively. |
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http://www.anukriti.net/pgdts/course421/ch5j.html
(367 words)
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| | Retroflex flap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Toda has a retroflex trill, which is transcribed with the same IPA symbol. | | | This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. | | | The retroflex flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_flap
(253 words)
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| | Transliteration of Devan gar |
| | In fact, all retroflex sounds are transliterated using the underdot, which appears as a pre-dot in the Velthuis scheme. | | | is reserved by the LC for the representation of a “retroflex flap” which occurs in New Indo-Aryan languages like Hind | | | The script also distinguishes the consonants according to the position of articulation in the mouth. |
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http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/members/transliteration/html/translit.html
(1950 words)
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| | The Flaps |
| | The reasons for looking at this particular set of allophones is that they can differ so markedly from the parent phoneme and occur so frequently that it is very useful to be able to recognize them. | | | In all of these cases, the flap replaces a /th/, /d/, or /n/ which occurs between a stressed vowel and an unstressed vowel. | | | See Figure 4 for two examples of flaps. |
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http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/cse551html/cse551/node42.html
(375 words)
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| | A Philosophical Grammar of Ithkuil, a Constructed Language - Chapter 1: Phonology |
| | This sound occurs in most Chinese languages, as well as the Basque language, where it is spelled ts. | | | Also found in Basque, Catalan, and most Chinese languages. | | | Sound files of actual Ithkuil words have been provided for those consonants which are uncommon or difficult to pronounce for English speakers, as well as in other cases to compare and distinguish two similar but distinct phonemes, e.g., |
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http://home.inreach.com/sl2120/Ch-1%20Phonology.htm
(4340 words)
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| | Retroflex flap -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | The retroflex flap is a type of (A speech sound that is not a vowel) consonantal sound, used in some (Click link for more info and facts about spoken) spoken (A systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols) languages. | | | (The chief member of the Chadic family of Afroasiatic languages; widely used as a trading language) Hausa, (A Scandinavian language that is spoken in Norway) Norwegian and (The official literary language of Pakistan, closely related to Hindi; widely used in India (mostly by Moslems); written in Arabic script) Urdu possess the retroflex flap. | | | It is a (Click link for more info and facts about central consonant) central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/R/Re/Retroflex_flap.htm
(363 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Wintu language |
| | Younger speakers, however, do not have this retroflex variant. | | | It is occurs as a flap [ɽ] between vowels. | | | It is interdental after non-low front vowels /i, e/, post-dental after low /a/, and retroflex after non-low back /u, o/. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Wintu-language
(965 words)
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| | The AmE 'o' sound |
| | retroflex allophone of /r_/ occurring in complementary distribution | | | People are wont to do what might not be necessary. | | | In Hindi writing ([de:vnAgri] script) the grapheme for the retroflex |
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http://www.vocaboly.com/forums/post-14238.html
(2011 words)
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| | a7 |
| | For example, “displaced” articulations like labiodental, apicolabial, retroflex, dorsopostvelar, uvular, and pharyngeal articulations are less common than nondisplaced ones like bilabial, apicondental, and apicoalveolar, dorsovelar, and glottal articulations. | | | But it will not be too difficult, and will be probably worthwhile, to replace these characterizations by more carefully and objectively defined distinctions. | | | A similar comment may be offered on another set of epithets usable in relation to trait sequences. |
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http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/kelkar/html1/a7.htm
(6989 words)
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| | A n u k r i t i . N e t - Post Graduate Diploma in Translation Studies |
| | The r like consonant in the final syllable of common words like gaaRii 'car', and ghaRii 'time' is a retroflex flap. | | | Flaps are produced by making an articulatory strike against another in passing. | | | A distinction is made between central and lateral consonants on the basis of the path taken by outflowing air during their articulation. |
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http://www.anukriti.net/pgdts/course412/ch3k.html
(437 words)
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| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | I was able to do very little on the phonological level. | | | The result was that the retroflex completely replaced the alveolar; in fact, it has been found that the entire series of English alveolar consonants tends to be replaced by retroflex consonants (Trudgill and Hannah 1994, p.128). | | | I set up a test to see if the English alveolar /t/ would be articulated as the Indian retroflex /t/ or as the dental /t/ in different phonological environments. |
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~jason2/papers/ienglish.htm
(7065 words)
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| | Pashto sampler |
| | According to Penzl, this sound is made "by the rapid motion of the retroflexed tip of the tongue from a prepalatal to an approximately postdental position. | | | The blade of the tongue leaves lateral openings through which the air escapes. |
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http://www.yorku.ca/twainweb/troberts/pashto/sampler1.html
(544 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 15.564: Puerto Rican Spanish Phonetic Symbol |
| | This variant is a ''pronunciation that seems to have a preference towards one of [the /l/ and /r/] phonemes, but making it possible to perceive at the same time the presence of the twin type'' (p. | | | Is the voiced alveolar described by Ladefoged the same realization identified by Navarro? | | | This will be a voiced alveolar or retroflex lateral flap.'' (pp. |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/15/15-564.html
(259 words)
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| | Vaior ($Revision: 1.34 $) |
| | Rh can be pronounced as a voiceless version of r at the beginning of a word, but is generally pronounced like a deeply retroflex English sh. | | | A single r is a rather retroflex flap; written double, rr, it is rolled. | | | Both are somewhat more affricate than in English, such that between two vowels, i in, for example, eien, borders on the sound of a 'j' in French (as in meaSure), or how a Costa Rican speaker of Spanish pronounces 'll.' |
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http://www.vaior.com/grammar.html
(15180 words)
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| | Sindhi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It has 46 distinctive consonant phonemes (more than all the phonemes of English combined) and a further 10 vowels. | | | The phoneme /r/ is usually pronounced as an alveolar tap, [ɾ], though occasionally reminiscent of a trill with two or more contacts. | | | All plosives, affricates, nasals, the retroflex flap and the lateral approximant /l/ have aspirated or breathy voiced counterparts. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language
(409 words)
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| | Yaya a yi aiki da Kofar Hausa |
| | The two /r/s of Hausaa are distinguished through the presence or absence of full stop: r. | | | We do hope for an abundance of contributions from our colleagues!! | | | signifies the retroflex flap; r signifies the coronal roll. |
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http://www.univie.ac.at/afrikanistik/oracle/GebrauchsanleitungE.html
(365 words)
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| | b29 |
| | (2g) ḍ medially not followed by a retroflex and not geminated or finally → d > l : laḍu, evḍha | | | (2m) r elsewhere r[ṙ, weakly trilled ~ &;, retroflex flap]>l: gərəm, khəra, mar |
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http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/kelkar/html1/b29.htm
(3973 words)
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