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| | The International Phonetic Alphabet |
 | | Present participles ending in ‘ng’ are pronounced with a plain velar nasal, as is (consequently) the word “singer”, whereas in the words “finger” or “English”, the ‘ng” combination is a velar nasal followed by a velar plosive. | | | An empty square means that the sound is (presumably) possible, but no symbol has been defined (because no language uses it, or because it is just as convenient to use diacritics over an existing symbol). | | | The vowels' table attempts to map the vowel symbols. |
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http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/linguistic/ipa
(7060 words)
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| | A Contrastive Analysis of Hindi and Malayalam |
| | Phonemic nasalization has only a restricted distribution, it may even be considered as a part of the secondary vowel system of Hindi. | | | In the word initial position with Nasal as first constituent, two types of clusters are found in both Malayalam and Hindi. | | | The allophonic distribution of these six nasals are given below. |
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http://www.languageinindia.com/sep2002/chap2.html
(4776 words)
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| | Transliteration of LT and ST. |
| | Actually retroflex consonants never occur in initial position in Tamil words, so they will never occur in Literary Tamil, and in ST only in borrowed words. | | | Literary Tamil words ending in ý also do not produce nasalized vowels in ST, but if position final, simply add u, e.g. | | | ý as n, while þ and õ which usually occur only before a homorganic nasal (i.e. |
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http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/book/chapter1/node20.html
(2814 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 5.806: Proposal for an ASCII version of IPA, v.2.13 revised |
| | This operator may optionally be placed *before* the operand, in keeping with usual practice among computer users. | | | The following tables follow the arrangement of the chart published in the Journal of the IPA for ease of reference. | | | Retroflex consonants cannot just be plain consonants plus the symbol for rhotacization. |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/5/5-806.html
(1757 words)
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| | Nasal consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In the case of some Niger-Congo languages, for example, nasal consonants only occur before nasal vowels. | | | For the purposes of acoustic description they are generally considered sonorants, but in many languages they may develop from or into plosives. | | | Rarely, other types of consonant may be nasalized. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_consonant
(706 words)
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| | Introduction to Segmental Phonology: Sound Index |
| | The following is an index of the retroflex segments currently found in the feature database. | | | A short phonetic description is linked to a page with details about each segment. |
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http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/projects/featuresoftware/browse_sounds.php?soundset=15
(40 words)
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| | Retroflex nasal - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Retroflex nasal |
| | Here you will find more informations about Retroflex nasal. | | | The retroflex nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. | | | Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward pointing hook extending from the bottom of the symbol used for the equivalent alveolar consonant, in this case the alveolar nasal which has the symbol n. |
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http://www.encyclopedia-glossary.com/en/Retroflex-nasal.html
(351 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | We have tried to make the vowel mapping as easy as possible. | | | However the combinations are given below: kSh as in kShamA:forgiveness shr as in shri:Sir dny as in dnyAn:knowledge **mainly used in words borrowed from Sanskrit. | | | The conventions and norms used are explained below: Vowels have been divided into four parts: SIMPLE VOWELS DIPHTHONGS VISARGA NASALS HRI/HRU 1.SIMPLE VOWELS In the case of Vowels,a simple convention has been followed. |
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http://www.sibal.com/sandeep/dev/convert/shatranj.gtx
(477 words)
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| | Retroflex |
| | Retroflex consonants are common in the Indo-Aryan languages and the Dravidian languages; and can also be found in languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Javanese, Vietnamese, Swedish, Norwegian and some languages of Southern Italy and Sardinia. | | | For example, the Iwaidja language of northwestern Australia has a retroflex lateral flap ([ɺ]) as well as a retroflex tap [ɽ] and retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]; and the Dravidian language Toda has a retroflex lateral fricative ([ɬ]). | | | There are several other retroflex consonants not yet recognized by the IPA. |
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http://www.apawn.com/search.php?title=Retroflex
(309 words)
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| | IPA in Unicode |
| | For example, to include the velar nasal symbol, | | | If using hex numbers, you must place an x between the number sign and the number. |
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http://vny2k.net/vny2k/ipa-unicode.htm
(596 words)
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| | UNIL / Linguistique - phonetic |
| | Occlusion occurs in the mouth only; the nasal resonance is continuous. | | | The nasal “occlusives” of the vast majority of the world's languages are voiced. | | | Voiceless nasals exists but they and their symbols are not included below. |
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http://www2.unil.ch/ling/english/phonetique/api312-eng.html
(372 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | When a nasal and a stop which share the same place of articulation occur one after the other in speech, the resulting sound may be referred to as a | | | In the spoken version, however, the nasal component of these clusters is often absent. | | | What you never find in Jiwarli is a minimal pair of words which only differ in the voicing of one consonant. |
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http://www.linguistics.unimelb.edu.au/research/projects/jiwarli/sounds.2.html
(371 words)
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| | ToB Agorà - Glossary |
| | Most uvular consonants are either stops or fricatives, but a very small number of languages use them as nasals, trills, or approximants. | | | , which is a voiceless lateral fricative, and the retroflex laterals as can be found in most Hindustani languages. | | | Since nasals are always continuous, not abrupt, it seems strange to call them stops, though strictly the definition of stops given above allows it. |
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http://www.geocities.com/robocaps_tower_of_babel/Agora-001.htm
(2371 words)
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| | South Asia Language Resource Center - Tamilweb |
| | n (n) as in nuke, new alveolar nasal | | | For many Tamil speakers, the distinction between a flapped r and a trilled r is no longer made in pronunciation (though, of course, it is relevant in the written language). | | | ɳ (N) as in open, then retroflex nasal |
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http://lrrc3.sas.upenn.edu/tamilonline/consonants.html
(760 words)
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| | N—N [VIII:120b] |
| | also distinguishes the velar and palatal nasals in speech, but the velar | | | , but here there is no question of the Perso-Arabic script being used.) A retroflex nasal is required, however, in | | | / for the nasalisation of vowels arising out of /n/ (A. von Gabain, Alttürkische Grammatik |
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http://www1.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C3/COM-0873.html
(618 words)
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| | Language in India |
| | In the next part I propose to present the morphological structure of the Jarawa language. | | | , D, L, and N represent the respective retroflex sounds. | | | Please note that /Ñ/ is used to represent the velar nasal. |
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http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2001/jarawa.html
(491 words)
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| | Lin phonology |
| | The list of vowels is given according to length and nasalization: |
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http://www.iiap.res.in/personnel/srik/phono.html
(282 words)
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| | Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristân |
| | Harshening lowers the spectral frequency of a fricative by apicalizing and retroflexing it. | | | Nasalized vowels are indicated by a following ~. | | | Consonants: Retroflex (apico-postalveolar) consonants are indicated by CAPITAL letters: T, D, C, J, S, Z, R, N, and ñ. |
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http://users.sedona.net/~strand/Nuristani/nuristanis.html
(3223 words)
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| | Lindiga: Phonology and Writing |
| | Following a retroflex sound, other dental and alveolar consonants are also pronounced as retroflex: marsni [ˈmɑʐɳi] "magenta", nirnti [ˈɲiɳɖi] "particular". | | | Clusters of more than two consonants are not allowed, and both consonants in the cluster must be voiced or voiceless. | | | Nasalized vowels, as in French or Portuguese, are represented by adding -ñg: le-źjañg "Jean" (French), le-źwauñg "João" (Portuguese). |
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http://www.io.com/~hmiller/lang/Lindiga/phonology.html
(923 words)
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| | IPA Tables |
| | Consonants which can be held on continuously without change of quality are sometimes classed together as contunatives or continuantsl they include nasal, lateral, rolled, fricative consonants and frictionless sounds. | | | Nasal lateral and rolled consonants are sometimes classed together under the not very satisfactiory name Liquids. | | | (Some authors do no include nasal consonants among "liquids".) |
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http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/sapienti/phon/ipasymb.htm
(1574 words)
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| | AncientScripts.com: Devanagari |
| | / is really a velar nasal, like the end of the English word "sing". | | | / are retroflex versions of /t th d dh/ | | | In fact, except for syllabic /r/ and /l/, any consonant with a dot underneath it is retroflex. |
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http://www.ancientscripts.com/devanagari.html
(443 words)
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| | UNIL / Linguistique - phonetic |
| | The corresponding retroflex nasal is usually voiced as well. | | | The corresponding palatal nasal palatale is usually voiced as well. | | | The corresponding bilabial nasal is usually voiced as well. |
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http://www2.unil.ch/ling/english/phonetique/api31-eng.html
(430 words)
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| | The world's top x sampa websites |
| | For example O is a distinct sound from O\\, to which it bears no relation. | | | Except for ~ for nasalization, = for syllabicity, and ` for retroflexion and rhoticity, diacritics are joined to the character with the underscore character _. |
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http://dirs.org/wiki-article-tab.cfm/x_sampa
(280 words)
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| | 7 bit representation of the IPA |
| | Palatal nasal ("n with leftward hook at left") | | | Velar approximant ("turned m with long right leg") | | | Almost fully close front unrounded vowel ("small capital i") |
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http://www.blahedo.org/ascii-ipa.html
(577 words)
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| | Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA |
| | A~ (or A_~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _} velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q | | | Go back or onwards to SAMPA home page, | | | t' (or t_j) velarized _G pharyngealized _?\ dental _d apical _a laminal _m nasalized ~ (or _~) e.g. |
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http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm
(725 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | This tends to produce a rolling lyrical effect for the hearer. | | | It contains a number of vowels, liquids, nasals and semivowels. | | | Coming soon sample lessons in the Audio-Lingual style! |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/4745/clouds.html
(340 words)
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