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| | Transit Note #95 Unifying FPGAs and SIMD Arrays |
 | | SIMD arrays are employed for high-throughput computations using bit-serial computing techniques. | | | SIMD AEs were optimized for high throughput, and therefore for bit-serial operation. | | | SIMD arrays are commonly used for algorithms requiring regular, data-parallel computations where identical operations must be performed on a large set of data. |
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http://www.cs.caltech.edu/research/ic/transit/tn95/tn95.html
(5350 words)
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| | Proceedings of the 8th USENIX Security Symposium, August 23-36, 1999, Washington, D.C. |
| | SIMD machines are currently out of vogue since SIMD machines perform poorly on applications that require complex decisions and applications that have complex data dependencies. | | | SIMD machines are fully programmable, and therefore it is quite easy to implement complex algorithms and search strategies. | | | Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) machines is a class of parallel machines that are made of a large number of simple processors all executing in unison the same instruction sequence, each processor computing on a different data set. |
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http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sec99/full_papers/kedem/kedem_html
(4143 words)
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| | SIMD Processors |
| | Adaptive Solutions - CNAPS CNAPS® computer is a single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) computer. | | | Abacus 1024 processor 8ns SIMD developed at the MIT artificial intelligence lab. | | | Abacus project was to design and build a machine that could be used by members of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory for real-time early vision processing. |
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http://www.ece.tntech.edu/TechLinks/simd.htm
(590 words)
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| | SIMD |
| | In SIMD computers the same operation is performed on different vector elements concurrently, which is useful for manipulating large vectors and matrices in less time than could be done sequentially. | | | SIMD machines are also known as vector computers while systems employing MIMD architectures are often referred to as multiprocessors. | | | Another true SIMD (shared memory) architecture is designed with a configurable association between the PEs and the memory modules (M). |
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http://carbon.cudenver.edu/csprojects/CSC5551/StudentWeb/Parallel_Programming_Group/simd.html
(907 words)
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: SIMD |
| | The first use of SIMD instructions was in vector supercomputers and was especially popularized by Cray in the 1970s. | | | It is a computing term that refers to a set of operations for efficiently handling large quantities of data in parallel, as in a vector processor or array processor. | | | The main difference between SIMD and DSP is that DSPs were complete processors with their own (often difficult to use) instruction set, whereas SIMD designs rely on the general-purpose portions of the CPU to handle the program details, and the SIMD instructions handle the data manipulation only. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/S/SI/SIM/SIMD
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| | Introduction to the Streaming SIMD Extensions in the Pentium III: Part I |
| | If we classify the SIMD floating point instructions based on how the data to be manipulated is stored, we have two broad categories: instructions operating on packed data and instructions operating on scalar data. | | | If we classify instructions based on their computational characteristics, the classification will be as given in the "Instruction Groups" subsection. | | | MMX and SSE, both of which are instruction sets that have been added to existing architectures, share the concept of SIMD, but they differ in the data types they handle, and in the way they are supported in the processor. |
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http://www.x86.org/articles/sse_pt1/simd1.htm
(1649 words)
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| | MacKiDo/Hardware/AltiVec |
| | SIMD is a way to work with all the data at once (in parallel), which can make your computer far faster. | | | The wider (larger) the data that SIMD can work on, the faster it is. In AltiVec's case it is 128 bits at a time, so it could do up to 6 red components at the same time. | | | AltiVec is a high quality Vector Math and SIMD implementation that is easier to use, and takes the PowerPC to the next level -- so it is likely that by the time the processors are available there will be some support. |
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http://www.mackido.com/Hardware/AltiVecVsMMX.html
(2537 words)
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| | SIMD/MIMD |
| | SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) is a technique to enhance the processing power of computers. | | | SIMD Architectures CSC 6551 and Parallelism, Communication and Synchronization in Computer Architectures give more information. | | | MIMD (Multiple Instruction Multiple Data) contrasts with SIMD in that there are multiple processors each dealing with their own data. |
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http://ouray.cudenver.edu/~sfhopkin/simd.htm
(269 words)
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| | Title page for ETD etd-12172003-084004 |
| | For an efficient storage usage by memory design space exploration in embedded SIMD systems, an analysis method for assessing storage needs and costs of a given application automatically retargeted across a spectrum of storage configuration designs was developed. | | | Using this technique, a SIMD processing element achieves optimal area and energy efficiency with a register file containing between 8 and 12 words for given workload. | | | However, new methods are needed to meet the complex demands of high performance, embedded systems. |
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http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-12172003-084004
(322 words)
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| | SIMD instructions in MP3 Encoding |
| | The most important thing is that optimization for floating point SIMD instructions provides the same quality along with a considerable acceleration of encoding; this is what it differs in from the speed optimization in the Lame and other similar software. | | | In general, the conclusion is that non-intergral SIMD instructions are required, software optimization is also necessary, and they provide almost the same performance growth with the 3D Now! | | | For the SSE2 there is not enough software today that is why we will put it off and take a look at the benefits of the SIMD instructions by the example of one important task - MP3 encoding of music. |
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http://www.digit-life.com/articles/simd1task
(1551 words)
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| | HAYES TECHNOLOGIES Software Speed Optimization - Technology: SIMD / MMX / SSE / SSE2 / 3DNow! |
| | SIMD stands for Single Instruction Multiple Data meaning that a single instruction, such as "add", operates on a number of data items in parallel. | | | SIMD instructions have the potential to speed-up software by factors of 2.. | | | The basic characteristic of SIMD instructions is that they operate on n data items in parallel, n typically being 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16. |
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http://www.hayestechnologies.com/en/techsimd.htm
(2351 words)
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| | Introduction |
| | This algorithm is a good example of the SIMD technique, however, to fully exploit SIMD parallelism one must consider pipelines, factors involved with exploiting multiple execution units, and caching considerations. | | | In the past SIMD techniques have been used on processors for numerical computations restricted to scientific applications. | | | For the implementation of SIMD algorithms, the effects of uncached data tremendously affects SIMD performance. |
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http://www.crle.uoguelph.ca/users/chris/reportC.html
(4356 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Intel's goal with SSE was to add four-way, 128-bit SIMD single-precision floating-point computation to the x86 ISA. | | | So any "128-bit SIMD computation" that it does is purely the result of using two 64-bit instructions in parallel. | | | Now, when I said that Intel "sorta" succeeded in adding four-way, 128-bit SIMD FP to the x86 ISA, I meant that the way the PIII handles it is kind of a hack. |
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http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/cpu/simd.ars/5
(962 words)
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| | Vas's M.Phil Chapter 7 taxonomy |
| | They are not lock-stepped, as in SIMD computers, but run asynchronously. | | | This computer is reconfigurable and can operate in SIMD, MISD and MIMD modes. | | | Data flow computers and neural networks are particularly awkward in Handler's taxonomy. |
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http://www.gigaflop.demon.co.uk/comp/chapt7.htm
(7187 words)
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| | About SIMD |
| | SIMD is primarily a hardware register and datapath utilization optimization. | | | Optimizing data movement is often a better use of a programmer's time than squeezing every possible cycle out of a SIMD computation. | | | Traditional computations put just a single data element into a register, even if room exists in that register for multiple data elements. |
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http://www.simdtech.org/home/about
(199 words)
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| | Using Streaming SIMD Extensions on Itanium(R) Architecture |
| | SIMD instructions for Itanium-based systems operate on 64-bit FP register quantities containing two single-precision floating-point values. | | | Because Itanium instructions treat the Streaming SIMD Extensions registers in the same way whether you are using packed or scalar data, there is no __m32 data type to represent scalar data. | | | A sequence of Itanium instructions are required to implement these. |
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/UserInfo/Resources/Hardware/XeonCluster/Doc/Intel_8.0.044/c_ug/comm1032.htm
(550 words)
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| | Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004 |
| | The SIMD Summary Technical Report which provides a clear overview of the methodology used to develop the SIMD 2004 and presents some Local Authority level summary results is available at www.scotland.gov.uk/SIMD2004Report. | | | This Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) interactive website is key to allowing users to make sense of the range of deprivation data available across the 6,505 data zones. | | | If you have queries about the site please email neighbourhood.statistics@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or call 0131 2440442. |
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http://www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/simd2004
(391 words)
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| | Distributed-memory SIMD machines |
| | Another factor that may adversely affect the speed occurs when data required by processor i resides in the memory of processor j (in fact, as this occurs for all processors at the same time this effectively means that data will have to be permuted across the processors). | | | It is possible to exclude processors in the array from executing an instruction on certain logical conditions, but this means that for the time of this instruction these processors are idle (a direct consequence of the SIMD type operation) which immediately lowers the performance. | | | For several machines this is not the only interconnection scheme: They might also be connected in 3-D, diagonally, or more complex structures. |
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http://www.top500.org/ORSC/1998/dm-simd.html
(908 words)
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| | Citations: MIMD execution by SIMD computers - Nilsson, Tanaka (ResearchIndex) |
| | Citations: MIMD execution by SIMD computers - Nilsson, Tanaka (ResearchIndex) | | | Thus, the SIMD control unit can execute traditional data parallel programs or, by loading programs and data into the PE memories, concurrently interpret di erent programs (tasks) on each PE. | | | ....of logic circuits on a SIMD machine [6, 20] The major difference between these works and our approach is that we handle general asynchronous and loosely synchronous problems instead of studying individual problems. |
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http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/context/422418/0
(1462 words)
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| | Extending Static Synchronization Beyond SIMD and VLIW |
| | Motivated by the inadequacy of the SIMD and MIMD labels in describing the properties of VLIW, we propose a classification based on the contiguous spectrum of properties between SIMD and MIMD. | | | In SIMD and VLIW execution, the fact that this this error is very small (essentially zero) enables static scheduling of instructions to be used to perform conceptual synchronizations without runtime overhead; this property makes fine-grain parallelism usable. | | | Perhaps the only reason "straight" SIMD architectures have survived this long is that the more constrained parallelism model yields a simpler programming and debugging methodology, although it does so at the cost of loosing much parallelism in typical applications. |
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http://dynamo.ecn.purdue.edu/~hankd/CARP/TREE88_25/paper.html
(6196 words)
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| | UNIFICATION OF SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS MODELS FOR PARALLEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES |
| | The parallelism in a SIMD model is at the lowest level of the program hierarchy, or the instruction level. | | | Clearly, this exclusion is not inherent in the problem itself, but is instead a result of applying a particular set of constraints to the formation of algorithms that map the problem onto a particular class of machines. | | | Given that data in SIMD machines is classified as being either scalar or parallel, most synchronous models specify semantics governing each combination of data classifications. |
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http://www.ece.purdue.edu/~hankd/CARP/XPC/paper.html
(19347 words)
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| | SHA1 using SIMD techniques |
| | However there hasn't been any further insight into portions of the computation which could be moved to the SIMD side of the machine. | | | In the Efficēon translated code there are approximately 340 instructions issued to each of the ALUs, while only 250 are issued to each of the SIMD units, and 100 to each memory unit. | | | Upon analysis of the SHA1 specification it was discovered that a portion of the computation is very well suited to a SIMD architecture such as IA32 with SSE2. |
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http://www.arctic.org/~dean/crypto/sha1.html
(1248 words)
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| | AnandTech: SSE vs 3DNow |
| | Since SIMD works by packing as many 32bit FP values as possible (in the case of 3DNow, 2, SSE, 4) into the operand registers (or memory) and then performing the operating on these registers, it is evident that 3DNow can only perform two normal floating point operations per operation. | | | The problem with the 3DNow implementation is that the two SIMD operations which are to be executed simultaneously cannot be both additions, or both multiplies. | | | The reason I say per operation rather than per clock is because the current 3DNow implementations found in AMDs processors can perform 2 SIMD operations per clock. |
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http://www.anandtech.com/html/review_display.cfm?document=903
(719 words)
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| | Amazon.com: The SIMD Model of Parallel Computation: Books: Robert Cypher,Jorge L.C. Sanz |
| | The SIMD Model of Parallel Computation presents parallel architecture and parallel algorithms to non-specialists in computer science and engineering. | | | The focus is on the SIMD (Single Instruction Stream, Multiple Data Stream) model of parallel computation and its implementation on both SIMD and MIMD (Multiple Instruction Stream, Multiple Data Stream) architectures. | | | The book presents both introductory and advanced material in parallel computation and for each topology, several existing and proposed parallel machines are discussed and compared. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0387941398?v=glance
(467 words)
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| | Service Pack 5 Includes an Updated Version of the Streaming SIMD Extensions Driver |
| | Streaming SIMD Extensions is a new set of instructions that will be supported by future Intel processors beginning with the Pentium III processor. | | | The Streaming SIMD Extensions driver runs on personal computers that are based on Intel Architecture processors supporting the Streaming SIMD Extensions and run Windows NT 4.0 SP5. | | | The Streaming SIMD Extensions driver did not enable Streaming SIMD Extensions support in the operating system because all processors in the computer do not support Streaming SIMD Extensions. |
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http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=229351
(495 words)
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| | [SDL] Re: SIMD |
| | Such a task is difficult because of the large number of different SIMD instruction sets developed by the different x86 manufactures. | | | Perhaps all x86 SIMD is so > poorly conceived and implemented that this is not possible, but I highly > doubt it. | | | Of course code can be written for each different instruction set and selected at run time. |
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http://www.libsdl.org/pipermail/sdl/2003-October/057411.html
(479 words)
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| | Linux Parallel Processing HOWTO: SIMD Within A Register (e.g., using MMX) |
| | The basic concept of SWAR, SIMD Within A Register, is that operations on word-length registers can be used to speed-up computations by performing SIMD parallel operations on n k/n-bit field values. | | | However, it is only with the recent push for multimedia that the 2x to 8x speedup offered by SWAR techniques has become a concern for mainstream computing. | | | There are ways to nullify the effects on selected fields (i.e., equivalent to SIMD enable masking), but they complicate coding and hurt performance. |
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http://yara.ecn.purdue.edu/~pplinux/PPHOWTO/pphowto-4.html
(2845 words)
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| | Unrolling AltiVec, Part 1: Introducing the PowerPC SIMD unit |
| | But what is still interesting is that the technology that Apple used as the basis for this fairly dramatic claim is still in use, and it's still of major interest to developers trying to get the best performance out of certain kinds of tasks. | | | Motorola® AltiVec™ is one of the names (see the sidebar, "The nine billion names of AltiVec" for the others) for a specific example of Single Instruction, Multiple Data, or SIMD, execution. | | | Normally, a single instruction to a computer does a single thing. |
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http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/pa-unrollav1
(2846 words)
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| | OOP meets SIMD - Topic Ars OpenForum |
| | We'll need different programming paradigms then, and I think SIMD could be one relatively good way to realize further performance improvements. | | | If you're new to SIMD, this approach allows to gain the speed of SIMD without learning the less intuitive interface of Altivec or SSE, or tying yourself down to one platform. | | | The syntax is pretty intuitive and straightforward; the hard part is transforming that expression into a loop that performs all those operations within each iteration [the "ET" technique], and allow SIMD hardware like Altivec and SSE to speed it up massively. |
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http://episteme.arstechnica.com/eve/ubb.x?a=tpc&s=50009562&f=6330927813&m=6090934885
(4178 words)
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| | Intel® Pentium® III Processor - Intel® Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions Driver |
| | If support is detected (requires a Streaming SIMD Extensions capable processor, and Windows 98, 2000, or Windows* NT Version 4.0 with SP4 and the driver), then the application utilizes its high performance Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions optimized routines. | | | In some cases, the setup program may fail with a message saying there is not enough memory available to run setup.exe when the system has 8GB of memory or more, and there are no other programs running. | | | See the Intel&; Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions driver page for information on downloading the driver. |
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http://support.intel.com/support/processors/pentiumiii/sb/CS-007574.htm
(589 words)
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| | Hardware - SIMD Executive Summary |
| | Neither SIMD environment supported by Apple requires you to write in assembly. | | | On ia-32 the vector architecture extensions have been gradually introduced, at first as the Intel MultiMedia eXtensions (MMX) and then later as the Intel Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE, SSE2, SSE3). | | | FORTRAN developers shouldn't miss the new FORTRAN page for tips for integrating SIMD into FORTRAN apps. |
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http://developer.apple.com/hardware/ve/summary.html
(755 words)
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| | Scc: Simd within a register C Compiler |
| | Unlike traditional SIMD hardware, SWAR (Simd Within A Register) hardware parallelism width is not a constant, but is a function of the precision of the values being operated upon -- lower precision yields greater parallelism. | | | SWAR is our generic name for a variation on SIMD, the Single Instruction Multiple Data parallelism that has been used in supercomputers for decades. | | | The primary motivation behind the SWARC language is that SWAR hardware mechanisms in the latest generation of microprocessors offer excellent speedups, but vary widely and have highly machine-dependent programming models that require hand coding of individual instructions and offer virtually no compile-time optimization. |
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http://dynamo.ecn.purdue.edu/~hankd/SWAR/Scc.html
(3065 words)
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| | SIMD Architectures |
| | Even when the size of the vector is larger than the number of processors elements available, the speedup, compared to a sequential algorithm, is immense. | | | This type of architecture is certainly superior to the above, but a disadvantage is inherited in the difficulty of adding memory. | | | Another True SIMD architecture, is designed with a configurable association between the PE's and the memory modules(M). |
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http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~galaghba/simd.html
(450 words)
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| | Embedded.com - MIPS adds SIMD instructions in DSP extension |
| | The DSP ASE includes 8-, 16- and 32-bit SIMD instructions for saturated and fractional math and is supported by a GNU-based software development tools, as well as pre-written software in the MIPS DSP library. | | | The DSP ASE is available for licensing by MIPS32 and MIPS64 ISA customers. | | | Embedded.com - MIPS adds SIMD instructions in DSP extension |
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http://www.embedded.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=49400506
(645 words)
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| | Gamasutra - Features - "Implementing a 3D SIMD Geometry and Lighting Pipeline" [04.16.99] |
| | Support for Streaming SIMD Extensions using C++ and intrinsics is part of the support given by the Intel C/C++ compiler. | | | It simply requires spitting out processed vertices as fast as possible to keep the accelerator well fed. Per-vertex lighting (usually performed within the geometry engine) is used by the rasterizer to compute polygon fills and perform texture modulation. | | | For more information on developing with this tool (including hybrid development using Intel's compiler for some code and another compiler for other code), please see http://developer.intel.com/vtune/icl. |
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http://gamasutra.com/features/19990416/intel_simd_01.htm
(475 words)
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| | SIMD floating point control |
| | The first part of the demonstration checks whether the SIMD instructions are supported on the processor and then checks with the user that the program is under debugger control. | | | For that see the Intel documentation, in particular Chapter 11 of Volume 1 of the IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual available from the Intel web site. | | | This is a demonstration of using the SSE and SSE2 (streaming SIMD extensions) control instructions STMXCSR (store the MXCSR control dword), LDMXCSR (load the MXCSR control dword), and using FXSAVE to see if the processor supports the Denormals are Zeroes ("DAZ") flag. |
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http://www.jorgon.freeserve.co.uk/TestbugHelp/FPcontrol.htm
(562 words)
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| | freshmeat.net: Project details for SIMD Cross-platform headers |
| | SIMD Cross-platform headers is a cross- platform, cross-compiler, cross CPU C/C++ header collection that aids the creation portable vectorized (SIMD) C/C++ code. | | | SIMD-CPH writes software emulation SIMD code in such a | | | Users who subscribed to this project also subscribed to: |
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http://freshmeat.net/projects/simd-cph?branch_id=55759&release_id=184703
(225 words)
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| | AMIDiag - Industry Standard PC Diagnostics |
| | (Single SIMD Extensions) A group of 70 instructions added to the Pentium III chip that improves 3-D graphics performance. |
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http://www.amidiag.com/support/glossary.cfm
(11666 words)
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| | ipedia.com: Computer architecture Article |
| | The design of a computer's CPU architecture and instruction set and techniques such as SIMD and MIMD parallelism. | | | More general wider-scale hardware architectures, such as cluster computing and NUMA architectures. | | | There are several usages of the term, which can be used to refer to: |
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http://www.ipedia.com/computer_architecture.html
(858 words)
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| | Kee Shik Chung Ph.D. Thesis: ILP-SIMD |
| | ILP-SIMD (Instruction Level Parallel SIMD) is a parallel architecture with a single instruction controller that follows SIMD approach to exploit data level parallelism. | | | An instruction, control and data level parallel architecture with short-wire interconnects | | | This part of research will concentrate in analyzing local neighboring communication issues. |
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http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/pica/ilp-simd
(236 words)
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| | High-Level Synthesis with SIMD Units |
| | This paper presents novel techniques to integrate the use of Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) functional units in a high-level synthesis (HLS) design methodology. | | | Index Terms- High-level synthesis, high performance design, SIMD functional units | | | SIMD functional units can be configured to operate in one or more SIMD modes, in which they process multiple sets of smaller bitwidth operands in parallel. |
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http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/vlsid/2002/1441/00/1441toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/ASPDAC.2002.994955
(264 words)
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| | Computational RAM |
| | The novel combination of processors with memory (the memory retains its memory interface) allows C-RAM to be used as computer main memory, as a video frame buffer or for stand-alone signal processing. | | | Implementation of processing elements at the memory sense amplifiers to achieve inexpensive SIMD computing | | | These bit-serial, externally programmed processors add only a small amount of area to the chip and in a 32Mbyte memory have an aggregate performance of 13 billion 32 bit operations per second. |
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http://www.eecg.toronto.edu/~dunc/cram
(707 words)
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| | Power.org - Power Sites |
| | It is designed to bring together the community of programmers who exploit SIMD (Single Instruction Muliple Data) microprocessor instructions and includes the | | | The Trends in systems architecture site provides you with instant access to the articles, white papers and resource URLs you need to stay ahead of the latest trends in processor design and implementation. |
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http://www.power.org/resources/sites
(355 words)
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| | Gamasutra - Features - SIMD Explained |
| | The motive for a parallel instruction set is simple: whereas performing one operation at a time is good, doing four at once is usually better. | | | The majority of the new instructions use this technique. | | | The premise behind "single instruction, multiple data" (SIMD) is that certain applications (specifically multimedia, video, and 3D graphics) can be accelerated greatly if specific arrays of data common to these applications are executed quickly in parallel. |
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http://www.gamasutra.com/features/19990326/katmai_sidebar2.htm
(79 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Actually, the addition of SIMD instructions and hardware to a modern, superscalar CPU is a bit more drastic than the addition of floating-point capability. A microprocessor is a SISD device (Single Instruction stream, Single Data stream), and it has been since its inception. | | | in the context of both the G4 and K7 as a whole, then you must read the first article too. This article focuses in on the SIMD, and ignores many of the important issues already taken up by its predecessor. |
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http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/cpu/simd.ars/1
(112 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Introducing the IBM/Sony/Toshiba Cell Processor — Part I: the SIMD processing units | | | Introducing the IBM/Sony/Toshiba Cell Processor — Part I: the SIMD processing units : Page 1 | | | These DSP cores, which IBM calls "synergistic processing elements" (SPE), but I'm going to call "SIMD processing elements" (SPE) because "synergy" is a dumb word, are really the heart of the entire Cell concept. |
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http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/cpu/cell-1.ars
(1117 words)
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| | The Society for Inherited Metabolic Disorders |
| | Summary information and minutes from the SIMD 2005 Annual Meeting: Asilomar. | | | Full information regarding upcoming International Congress in Chiba, Japan in Septemeber, 2006 is available here in PDF format. | | | The SIMD is a non-profit professional organization whose purpose is t |
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http://www.simd.org
(73 words)
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