|
| |
| | Block cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Lucifer is generally considered to be the first civilian block cipher, developed at IBM in the 1970s based on work done by Horst Feistel. | | | An early and highly influential block cipher design was the Data Encryption Standard (DES), developed at IBM and published as a standard in 1977. | | | When encrypting, a block cipher might take a (for example) 128-bit block of plaintext as input, and output a corresponding 128-bit block of ciphertext. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher
(975 words)
|
|
| |
| | Achterbahn Stream Cipher Site |
| | The Achterbahn is a new additive binary stream cipher. | | | Stream ciphers satisfying PROFILE 2 are optimized for hardware applications with restricted resources such as limited storage, gate count, and power consumption. | | | The initial Boolean combining function shows a weakness which can be exploited to break the full version of Achterbahn with complexity 2 |
|
http://www.matpack.de/achterbahn
(696 words)
|
|
| |
| | Stream cipher attack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | With an average personal computer, such ciphers can usually be broken in a matter of minutes. | | | One way to avoid this problem is to use an initialization vector (IV), sent in the clear, that is combined with a secret master key to create a one-time key for the stream cipher. | | | In that case, and if the transmission channel is not fully loaded, there is a good likelihood that one of the ciphertext streams will be just nulls. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipher_attack
(713 words)
|
|
| |
| | stream cipher - a Whatis.com definition |
| | A stream cipher is a method of encrypting text (to produce ciphertext) in which a cryptographic key and algorithm are applied to each binary digit in a data stream, one bit at a time. | | | The main alternative method is the block cipher in which a key and algorithm are applied to blocks of data rather than individual bits in a stream. |
|
http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci213595,00.html
(132 words)
|
|
| |
| | Method and apparatus for generating a stream cipher - US Patent 6430246 |
| | The receiving key 174 is applied to the cipher stream generator 172 to decipher the enciphered digital data. | | | The cipher stream may also be generated using software as shown in the flow diagram of FIG. | | | The output of the mixer 170 is applied to a low-pass filter 180, which has a cutoff frequency at the data rate of the data input to the spread spectrum transmitter 10. |
|
http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6430246.html
(3723 words)
|
|
| |
| | Postcard Stream Cipher |
| | The cipher earns its name from the fact that the algorithm, complete with its sophisticated key-management system, can be written on a postcard in 40 lines of code. | | | Unlike any other cipher in the world, the session key can, if necessary, be conveyed as a three-figure header to the encrypted transmission. | | | The Postcard Algorithm provides a pseudo-random stream generated from a session key in the range 40 - 850 bits. |
|
http://www.chantilley.com/html/postcardcipher.htm
(250 words)
|
|
| |
| | RC4 Page |
| | The statistical behavior for which this distinguisher is based on, is the biased distribution of triplets, which are the index ($i$) and pairs of outputs, which are negatively or positively biased. | | | Furthermore, these patterns propagate into the generated stream and consequently their occurrences (in the secret key) can be easily isolated by simple analysis of the stream (sometimes the ciphertext itself suffice). | | | Cryptanalysis of RC4-like Ciphers, Mister and Tavares, SAC 1998 - like the previous one (that were published almost together) this paper analyzes applying the tracking algorithm to RC4. |
|
http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~itsik/RC4/rc4.html
(1025 words)
|
|
| |
| | Connected: An Internet Encyclopedia - Block Ciphers |
| | RC5, developed by RSA Technology, is another proprietary SPN cipher. | | | The most secure approach would be to design a cipher from scratch and keep both the algorithm and the keys secret. | | | To do this, CBC is run repeatedly on the input data, and all the ciphertext is discarded except for the last block, which will depend on all the data blocks in the message. |
|
http://ie.activedomain.org/143.htm
(1526 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | The ciphers supported are: desrnd ANSI standard DES; lokirnd CCCSR LOKI cipher [2]; fealrnd NTT FEAL cipher [3], [4]; luciferrnd IBM's original Lucifer cipher [5]; Bit Stream Analysis Tools The Bit Stream Analysis tools take as input a stream of bits, and calculate some statistical properties of it. | | | Structural tests in use for Feistel style block ciphers include a generalised form of Meyer's analysis of ciphertext dependence on plaintext and key, and an analysis of avalanche propagation in the cipher. | | | This permits a number of streams to be analysed in a single session. |
|
http://www.adfa.oz.au/~lpb/papers/sec91.txt
(3018 words)
|
|
| |
| | Ritter's Crypto Glossary and Dictionary of Technical Cryptography |
| | The observed property of a block cipher constructed in layers or "rounds" with respect to a tiny change in the input. | | | In practical cryptography, while some assumptions possibly could be assured by the user, others could only be assured by the cipher designer, who must then be trusted, along with his company, the entire distribution path and so on. | | | These simple substitution ciphers with small, fixed tables (or even just equations for such tables) are also extremely vulnerable to attacks using ciphertext only. |
|
http://www.ciphersbyritter.com/GLOSSARY.HTM
(9299 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | The security requirement on ciphers used in SC/ESP is that a secret key used to generate 2^48 bytes of keystream (the maximum length of the keystream used in SC/ESP) cannot be found by a computationally limited adversary who has been given that keystream. | | | The Authentication Data field MUST be present, because an Authentication Algorithm MUST be used with SC/ESP. 4.2 Key Usage in SC/ESP The key used by the stream cipher is shared between the sender and the receiver, and MUST be generated by a uniformly random process [KA98a]. | | | This transform fits into and extends the framework of ESP CBC-Mode Cipher Algorithms of Pereira and Adams [PA98], and can be used in conjunction with any ESP Authentication Algorithm. |
|
http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/00jul/I-D/mcgrew-ipsec-scesp-01.txt
(2990 words)
|
|
| |
| | Notes on the ECRYPT Stream Cipher project (eSTREAM) |
| | Instruction-cache misses are expensive; a cipher that doesn't leave room in cache for the rest of the network stack might do well on benchmarks but will do badly in real-world tests. | | | Applications need authentication, so these stream ciphers need to be combined with authentication mechanisms, adding some number of cycles per byte. | | | The AES design process was limited to 16-byte block ciphers. |
|
http://cr.yp.to/streamciphers.html
(4075 words)
|
|
| |
| | Bias in the LEVIATHAN Stream Cipher - Crowley, Lucks (ResearchIndex) |
| | The first models the cipher as two random functions in sequence, and shows that the probability of a collision in 64-bit output blocks is doubled as a result; the second shows artifacts where the same inputs are presented to the key-dependent S-boxes in the final stage of the cipher for two successive outputs. | | | Abstract: We show two methods of distinguishing the LEVIATHAN stream cipher from a random stream using 2^{36} bytes of output and proportional effort; both arise from compression within the cipher. | | | have discovered two methods of distinguishing the cipher from a random stream using bytes of output and proportional e#ort, both arising from... |
|
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/439337.html
(431 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | g., group of bits or bytes) of data stream 450 and data associated with a message 470. | | | This XOR'ing may be performed in serial bitwise fashion or in parallel with any number of bits in order to encrypt the digital information. | | | The method of claim 12, wherein prior to computing the integrity check value, the method further comprises decrypting the incoming message. |
|
http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/39429.010531&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
(4158 words)
|
|
| |
| | Citations: A class of weak keys in the rc4 stream cipher - Roos (ResearchIndex) |
| | We use this abstract model to estimate the number of initial bytes that ought to be dumped from the output stream. | | | They described several classes of weak keys that either generate predictable output or, when these keys are used, several bytes of the key can be extracted from the output stream. | | | This makes it far easier to cryptanalyze data encrypted under these keys, in case we fix enough of the other WEP problems to justify its continued use in new submissions. |
|
http://citeseer.lcs.mit.edu/context/1926519/0
(610 words)
|
|
| |
| | Bias in the LEVIATHAN Stream Cipher |
| | The first models the cipher as two random functions in sequence, and shows that the probability of a collision in 64-bit output blocks is doubled as a result; the second shows artifacts where the same inputs are presented to the key-dependent S-boxes in the final stage of the cipher for two successive outputs. | | | 5] is a stream cipher proposed by David McGrew and Scott Fluhrer for the NESSIE project [ | | | bytes of output and proportional effort; both arise from compression within the cipher. |
|
http://www.ciphergoth.org/crypto/leviathan/html
(1641 words)
|
|
| |
| | VMPC One-Way Function and Stream Cipher |
| | The VMPC Stream Cipher is a proposed extension of the VMPC one-way function into an encryption algorithm. | | | 16 bytes of a 102.400-byte data-stream generated by the VMPC Stream Cipher for a given key and a given Initialization Vector are shown in Table 3. | | | The initial state of the permutation is determined by the VMPC Key Scheduling Algorithm described in section 2. |
|
http://www.vmpcfunction.com/cipher.htm
(474 words)
|
|
| |
| | Free stream cipher downloads |
| | A free program that uses a self-synchronizing stream cipher to create encrypted/password protected html files. | | | CallClerk is an all in one software that extends all the services you need on a phone line. |
|
http://www.freedownloadscenter.com/Search/stream_cipher.html
(92 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Britannica Stream Cipher |
| | Even a 16-byte block cipher is probably too small for ciphering language plaintext in ECB mode. | | | The multiple stepping adds a lot of avalanche and also makes it look somewhat like a block cipher, and (probably more importantly) prevents you from getting access to "before" and "after" snapshots of the R register's feedback function by querying the algorithm with very short messages. | | | (Note: I own Mixing Cipher technology.) It is also possible to have variable size block ciphers (VSBC's) which generally solve both the ECB problem and often can avoid wasted space in the last block even with variable-size messages. |
|
http://www.ciphersbyritter.com/NEWS5/BRITSTRM.HTM
(7206 words)
|
|
| |
| | Stream Cipher Transform -- revisited |
| | The point has been raised that the 'stream offset' of 64 bits maximal might be insufficent for certain algorithms. | | | This might save 4 bytes of headers in protocols where quick change of packet keys is the norm. | | | be found under http:///www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/~skip/esp-stream.txt Current list of changes: Make it possible to use 4-byte OR 8-byte counters for the stream offset. |
|
http://www.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca/ipsec/1996/07/msg00005.html
(447 words)
|
|
| |
| | VMPC One-Way Function and Stream Cipher |
| | For a detailed description of the algorithm of inverting the VMPC function and example complexities of inverting the function for permutation sizes smaller than 256, see 6. | | | For a proposed practical application of the VMPC Function in an encryption algorithm, see VMPC Stream Cipher |
|
http://www.vmpcfunction.com/function.htm
(733 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Compatibility of the algorithm with commercial algorithms can be tested by comparing the encrypted data that is produced by the test vectors listed in the appendix to this document. | | | Description of Algorithm The algorithm itself is documented in [Schneier], pages 397-398, in the chapter titled "Other Stream Ciphers and Real Random Sequence Generators". | | | Allocate an 256 element array of 8 bit bytes to be used as an S-box, label it S [0].. |
|
http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/draft-kaukonen-cipher-arcfour-03.txt
(615 words)
|
|
| |
| | Konton2 |
| | The combination of modular addition and pseudo-random bit rotation is also used in other ciphers. | | | This present version, Konton 2.1, was designed with a deeper understanding of results of pseudo-random bit rotation and modular addition. | | | If you're going to download the Konton2 source code, be aware that U.S. government regulation of cryptographic software has changed during the last twenty years and may change again. |
|
http://www.geocities.com/da5id65536
(5419 words)
|
|
| |
| | RC4 Stream Cipher |
| | RC4 merupakan salah satu jenis stream cipher, yaitu memproses unit atau input data pada satu saat. | | | Kekurangan lainnya ialah karena enkripsi RC4 adalah XOR antara data bytes dan pseudo-random byte stream yang dihasilkan dari kunci, maka penyerang akan mungkin untuk menentukan beberapa byte pesan orisinal dengan meng-XOR dua set cipher byte, bila beberapa dari pesan input diketahui (atau mudah untuk ditebak). | | | RC4 merupakan enkripsi stream simetrik proprietary yang dibuat oleh RSA Data Security, Inc (RSADSI). |
|
http://bdg.centrin.net.id/~budskman/rc4.htm
(1263 words)
|
|
| |
| | CSA Project - Stream Cipher |
| | We all know, that the stream cipher generally needs 4 steps for processing one byte. | | | At the 32 steps of initialisation (4 steps/byte * 8bytes), every input byte is split into MS and LS nibble. | | | All operations for input, shifting and output operate on each of the 4 shift registers independantly, except the sbox part (LFSR feedback). |
|
http://csa.irde.to/streamcipher.html
(740 words)
|
|
| |
| | VMPC Stream Cipher (ResearchIndex) |
| | Abstract: The VMPC Stream Cipher is a simple encryption algorithm, designed as a proposed practical application of the VMPC one-way function. | | | The VMPC Cipher, together with its Key Scheduling Algorithm, were designed in particular to eliminate some of the known weaknesses characteristic of the alleged RC4 keystream generator. | | | The general structure of the Cipher is based on an internal 256-element permutation. |
|
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/686396.html
(262 words)
|
|
| |
| | SoftDesignz :: Encryption Stream Ciphers |
| | Since the entire keystream is random, an opponent with infinite computational resources can only guess the plaintext if he sees the ciphertext. | | | The final approach highlighted by Rueppel is that of designing a randomized cipher. | | | The bits of one output are used to determine whether the corresponding bits of the second output will be used as part of the overall keystream. |
|
http://www.softdesignz.com/streamciphers.asp
(1048 words)
|
|
| |
| | ABC-Dir: Cipher |
| | Descriptions of the Lorenz cipher machine and the Colossus computer built to crack the code. | | | Implementation of the PC1 128-bit stream cipher algorithm in various languages. | | | Describes the VMPC one-way function and a stream cipher based on it, designed by Bartosz Zoltak. |
|
http://www.abc-directory.com/view/cipher
(259 words)
|
|
| |
| | Citebase - Chaos for Stream Cipher |
| | The generated output states of such a cipher approach the theoretical maximum for both complexity measures and cycle length. | | | [20] T. Siegenthaler, "Decrypting a Class of Stream Ciphers Using Ciphertext Only," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. | | | These features are then compared with some popular ciphers. |
|
http://citebase.eprints.org/cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:cs/0102012
(602 words)
|
|
| |
| | What are block and stream ciphers? |
| | Generally speaking, block ciphers are more efficient for computers and stream ciphers are easier for humans to do by hand. | | | Stream ciphers encrypt plaintext one byte or one bit at a time. | | | A5, the algorithm used to encrypt GSM communications, is a stream cipher. |
|
http://www.tech-faq.com/block-stream-cipher.shtml
(225 words)
|
|
| |
| | Simon's Braided Stream Cipher |
| | One or more of the channels might also be really-random, in which case new key material can be transported to the far end as a side-effect. | | | But the referenced article attacks multiplexed RNG's, whereas the Braid multiplexes data. | | | William "Alain" Simons proposal for using a really-random stream to select between multiple data channels on a bit-by-bit basis. |
|
http://www.ciphersbyritter.com/BRAID/BRAID.HTM
(438 words)
|
|
| |
| | eSTREAM - The ECRYPT Stream Cipher Project |
| | In particular, the workshop is focused on researchers participating in ECRYPT's eSTREAM project, in which 34 new stream cipher proposals are currently evaluated with respect to their security and performance. | | | All information on the stream cipher project can be found on this site. | | | A timetable of the project is to be found |
|
http://www.ecrypt.eu.org/stream
(470 words)
|
|
| |
| | Constructing a stream cipher |
| | For further information read "A Challenge to break a simple stream cipher." | | | This paper shows how Multiple Fermat Sequences, described elsewhere in this website, can be used to construct a very simple stream cipher algorithm. | | | Pad: 18 13 15 7 7 20 0 19 21 18 |
|
http://www.chantilley.com/html/paper3_constructingastreamcipher.htm
(340 words)
|
|
| |
| | Simeon Maltchev's Crypto Page |
| | Here are SCOP C sources, SCOP optimized Assembler sources, a list of products that use SCOP and some comments on SCOP security. | | | Description of the SCOP stream cipher - very fast. |
|
http://www.geocities.com/smaltchev
(73 words)
|
|
| |
| | Citations: The software-oriented stream cipher SSC - Zhang, Caroll, Chan (ResearchIndex) |
| | Zhang, C. Caroll, A. Chan, The software-oriented stream cipher SSC2, In Fast Software Encryption (FSE) 2000, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. | | | ....size (like 32 bits) Such a cipher can provide a very good performance, typically 5 10 times faster than a block cipher in a software implementation. | | | One of the advantages of avoiding the memoryless combiner model is the fact that many sophisticated attacks (such as [1] on the memoryless combiner model cannot be directly applied. |
|
http://citeseer.lcs.mit.edu/context/2121412/0
(342 words)
|
|
| |
| | SOBER: A Stream Cipher based on Linear Feedback over GF(2 g ) - Rose (ResearchIndex) |
| | In this paper we analyze the stream cipher SOBER, which was developed by Greg Rose [3] An improved version of SOBER | | | Abstract: This paper introduces a mechanism for creating a family of stream ciphers based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers over the Galois Finite Field of order 2 (Update) | | | SOBER: A Stream Cipher based on Linear Feedback over GF(2 g) (1999) |
|
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/rose99sober.html
(449 words)
|
|
| |
| | Stream cipher - Glossary |
| | An encryption method that applies a cryptographic key and algorithm to each binary digit of plain text in order to produce cipher (encrypted) text. | | | This method has become less prevalent in the wake of block cipher techniques. | | | As mystics search for the lost island of Atlantis and UFO buffs seek out alien spacecraft, cryptologists are continuing their own quest to create an unbreakable code. |
|
http://www.csoonline.com/glossary/term.cfm?ID=1240
(140 words)
|
|
| |
| | Home CHAOS - Home CHAOS made the security simple.; Security, Public Key, Stream Cipher |
| | Home CHAOS is a fast and very easy-to-use program which is able to encrypt and decrypt files of every type and even whole directory structures. | | | Home CHAOS - Home CHAOS made the security simple.; Security, Public Key, Stream Cipher | | | Keywords: security public key stream cipher chaos protect shredder e-mail safety gost blowfish home chaos ensures safety |
|
http://www.systemfilesland.com/company/safe-soft-corporation/home-chaos.html
(68 words)
|
|
| |
| | CHAOS Chameleon download. security, public key, stream cipher, chaos, protect, shredder, e-mail, safety, GOST, Blowfish |
| | Fill out your email address to join our free software download newsletter. | | | security, public key, stream cipher, chaos, protect, shredder, e-mail, safety, GOST, Blowfish |
|
http://www.freetrialsoft.com/CHAOSChameleon-download-12687.html
(69 words)
|
|
| |
| | WEP (wired equivalent privacy) |
| | An additional 4-byte Integrity Check Value (ICV) is computed on the original packet and appended to the end. | | | The WEP ICV is based on CRC-32, an algorithm for detecting noise and common errors in transmission. | | | Also, the 802.11 standard does not specify any WEP key sizes other than 40 bits. |
|
http://www.networkworld.com/details/715.html
(1185 words)
|
|
| |
| | AES Pro v.5.5. AES, Blowfish, DES, 3DES, El Gamal, security, stream cipher, encrypt, compress, shredder, safety, ... |
| | Subscribe to our free e-mail newsletter that highlights the latest software: | | | AES, Blowfish, DES, 3DES, El Gamal, security, stream cipher, encrypt, compress, shredder, safety, encryption system, protect, protecting, crypto, files, folders, documents, programs, cryptographic algorithms, source, code, software, password, - AES Pro is the suite of encryption tools for professional security. | | | These active public keys are ideal to create communication with the users who do not have the PGP or CHAOS Public Key programs installed. |
|
http://www.batchconverter.com/AESPro-download-12538.shtml
(152 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Only papers freely available on the Internet should be found here. | | | For the hash function, collisions can be produced, but for the stream cipher no attacks have been found so far. | | | Description: Panama is a hash function and a stream cipher combined. |
|
http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~jlano/stream/designs.htm
(1018 words)
|
|
| |
| | Cryptography - Recommended Reading |
| | Cryptanalysis of the Double Transposition Cipher: Includes Problems and Computer Programs - Wayne G. Barker | | | Elementary Cryptanalysis - Helen Fouché Gaines - Written in 1939, this book (also published under the title Cryptanalysis - a study of ciphers and their solutions) is considered one of the classics. | | | The Codebreakers - David Kahn - A well-researched tome written by one of the editors of the Cryptologia journal. |
|
http://www.elonka.com/kryptos/RecommendedCryptoReading.html
(329 words)
|
|
| |
| | Stream Cipher |
| | A Stream Cipher is a symmetric or secret-key encryption algorithm that encrypts a single bit at a time. | | | With a Stream Cipher, the same plaintext bit or byte will encrypt to a different bit or byte every time it is encrypted. |
|
http://www.mpirical.com/companion/IP/Stream_Cipher.htm
(41 words)
|
|
| |
| | SafeDisk - RSC stream cipher |
| | On the diagram scheme of algorithm at the left is figured the block. | | | For more detailed acquaintance you can download implementation RSC stream cipher on ANSI C. The cipher RSC can be used without what or license limitations for any purposes. | | | As against the majority of other stream ciphers processs data by units till 32 bits. |
|
http://www.guardcomplete.com/rsc_descr_e.html
(217 words)
|
|
| |
| | RC4 Stream Cipher Library |
| | This cipher used to be trade secret of RSADSI, but some anonymous person distributed the source code on the internet last year. | | | RC4 is a symmetric stream cipher designed by RSADSI. | | | IMPORTANT NOTICE ABOUT RESTRICTIONS ON IMPORTING STRONG ENCRYPTION ALGORITHMS IN SOME COUNTRIES: This encryption algorithm is a stream cipher that uses a length-variable key, with no limited length. |
|
http://sevillaonline.com/ActiveX/RC4Lib.htm
(429 words)
|
|
| |
| | Cryptology ePrint Archive |
| | Stream ciphers are often used in applications where high speed and low delay are a requirement. | | | The Solitaire stream cipher was developed by B. Schneier as a paper-and-pencil cipher. | | | In this paper we investigate semigroups and groups properties of the Solitaire stream cipher and its regular modifications. |
|
http://eprint.iacr.org/2003/169
(71 words)
|
|
|
