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Topic: Structuralism



  
 Structuralism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Levi-Strauss included this in his conceptualization of the universal structures of the mind, which he held to operate based on pairs of binary oppositions such as hot-cold, male-female, culture-nature, cooked-raw, or marriageable vs. tabooed women.
In the 1980s, deconstruction and its emphasis on the fundamental ambiguity of language - rather than its crystalline logical structure - became popular.
The answer to Benacerraf's negative claims is how structuralism became a viable philosophical program within mathematics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism   (2052 words)

  
 Structuralism - Wikipedia
The analysis is a good example because it is quick and entirely verbal (where thorough structural presentation often requires charts and tables and ad hoc borrowings of algebraic notation).
Most pervasively, it depends on a notion of purely abstract structure underlying all the particular manifestations of a language.
Several aspects of structuralism open the way for the revision known as deconstructionism.
http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism   (1779 words)

  
 Structuralism and Post-structuralism
Structure is the principle of construction and the object of analysis, to be understood by its intimate reference to the concepts of system and value as defined in SEMIOTICS...
Structural anthropology, particularly Claude Lévi-Strauss's work with myth, was an important application and extension of structuralism.
To study the grammar of narrative is to attempt to specify the possibilities of meaning and not to fulfill them.
http://arts.gla.ac.uk/SESLL/EngLit/ugrad/hons/theory/(Post)Structuralism.htm   (6831 words)

  
 Sociology before the Russian Revolution
The new current, Structuralism, continued the project of positivism to find an objective, rational and “scientific” methodology for analysing the data of perception, needing to account for the deep structural crises and transformative processes which were manifested in turn-of-the-century Europe, for which positivism was patently inadequate.
This barren method deserves the name of structural because, like the more sophisticated structuralism of Lévi-Strauss, it abstracts from the empirical data a model which facilitates the application of mathematical techniques relevant to the model, which have their analogues in natural or artificial finite structures.
Functionalism can be considered a more developed methodology in that its model is of an organism rather than a machine or structure.
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/help/structur.htm   (2753 words)

  
 Structuralism (from anthropology) --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia
Structuralism sought to analyze the adult mind (defined as the sum total of experience from birth to the present) in terms of the simplest definable components and then to find the way in which these components fit together in...
Structuralism is similar in many ways to functionalism.
http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-196482?tocId=196482   (710 words)

  
 1DERRIDA.LEC
Derrida says that such systems are always built of the basic units structuralism analyzes--the binary opposition or pair--and that within these systems one part of that binary pair is always more important than the other, that one term is "marked" as positive and the other as negative.
Second is that all systems or structures are created of binary pairs or oppositions, of two terms placed in some sort of relation to each.
What Derrida does is to look at how a binary opposition--the fundamental unit of the structures or systems we've been looking at, and of the philosophical systems he refers to--functions within a system.
http://www.colorado.edu/English/ENGL2012Klages/1derrida.html   (1712 words)

  
 Post-Structuralism
Structuralism in the 60s was at least in part an intellectual programme, and it was possible to analyse phenomena by treating them as a system.
A simple explanation of structuralism is that it understands phenomena using the metaphor of language.
That is, we understand language as a system, which defines itself in terms of itself.
http://www.fountain.btinternet.co.uk/philosophy/posts.html   (1166 words)

  
 Structuralism
For example, the binary opposition life and death is a useful one to explicate "Sleeping Beauty." Here, the deep structure of the story suggests that when the thirteenth fairy declares that Sleeping Beauty is to die at her fifteenth birthday that a life versus death binary opposition is posited.
This is accomplished by discovering the major binary opposition(s) in the deep structure.
In "Sleeping Beauty" or in any myth the deep structure of the narrative is analyzed through the discovery of a binary opposition and the resultant mediation.
http://www.panam.edu/faculty/mglazer/Theory/structuralism.htm   (1329 words)

  
 Elements of Structuralism
Structuralism notes that much of our imaginative world is structured of, and structured by, binary oppositions (being/nothingness, hot/cold, culture/nature); these oppositions structure meaning, and one can describe fields of cultural thought, or topoi, by describing the binary sets which compose them.
As literature is a system, no work of literature is an autonomous whole; similarly, literature itself is not autonomous but is part of the larger structures of signification of the culture.
Structuralism enables us to approach texts historically or trans-culturally in a disciplined way.
http://www.brocku.ca/english/courses/4F70/struct.html   (2735 words)

  
 SAUSSURE.LEC
In different languages the grammar rules are different, as are the words, but the structure is still the same in all languages: words are put together within a grammatical system to make meaning.
An example of this idea of structure can be found in the game of "Mad Libs." In class I read an example, which asked for various nouns, adjectives, verbs, proper names, and exclamations.
For instance, every human culture has some sort of langauge, which has the basic structure of all language: words/phonemes are combined according to a grammar of rules to produce meaning.
http://www.colorado.edu/English/ENGL2012Klages/saussure.html   (3746 words)

  
 semiotics
During the course of the development of structuralism, the 'linguistic turn' in philosophy, anthropology, sociology and so on became so dominant that Barthes was prepared to consider the reversal of Saussure's classification and consider that semiology is a part of linguistics.
Like Chomsky, Pinker argues that other, non-linguistic, signifying practices cannot be considered to be 'structured like a language' and he does indeed produce compelling evidence that some learning mechanisms appear to be developed for language itself and not for the more general manipulation of symbols.
He criticizes Lévi-Strauss for the 'levity' with which he undertook to apply structural linguistics to the analysis of myth and Barthes for basing his narrative syntax on the work of Hjelmslev who had never developed a syntax in the first place.
http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/semiomean/semio1.html   (7029 words)

  
 [No title]
Notwithstanding the dead ends into which structuralism has run on occasion, it has changed the way we consider human society so much that it is no longer even possible to think without taking the structuralist revolution into account.
To those embroiled in debates about how best to reconfigure instructional practice and the organization of the academic disciplines, structuralism appeared as a unifying, transdisciplinary project that could "confederate the human sciences around the study of the sign" (I: 388).
Significantly, although Saussure used the word system 138 times in the Course, not once did he use structuralism, which apparently was Jakobson's coinage (I: 45).
http://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/text-only/issue.997/review-1.997   (3346 words)

  
 structuralism
This is an essential read for anyone who seriously wants to understand the basis of structuralism and semiotics.
If they apply to language, then, that just makes language one phenomenon among others that can be understood through structuralism.
Yet we can also now see how structuralism’s attempts to do so can contribute to our understanding of the abitrariness of the link between signs like man and woman.
http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elljwp/structuralism.htm   (4771 words)

  
 Post-structuralism
The essential methodological error which is common to positivism, structuralism and post-structuralism is the inability to perceive the essence of processes and to understand and distinguish between Essence and the abstract quantitative reflection of the data of perception; the inability to work with true Notions rather than abstract universals.
One of the unfortunate results of their efforts was a tendency to sweeping generalisations, but it nevertheless created a basis for the positive investigation of perception, which in turn engendered the critique of these sweeping generalisations.
Let us look at this business of the subject forming the object.
http://home.mira.net/~andy/works/foucaul1.htm   (2584 words)

  
 Post Modern
Post-Structuralist critiques of structuralism typically challenge the assumption that systems are self-sufficient structures and question the possibility of the precise definitions on which systems of knowledge must be based.
There was hope that it could provide the framework for rigorous accounts in all areas of the human sciences.
Derrida carries out his critique of structuralist systems by the system of deconstruction.
http://www.canisius.edu/~valone/post_modern.htm   (4397 words)

  
 terriscreed: Structuralism, Post-structuralism and Deconstruction!
Instead, she focuses her analyses on the formal structures of the object in question, attempting to "read" it as one would decipher parts of an interdependent
Before Saussure, linguists followed one of two main schools (historical and rational), both of which thought of language as a simple naming process, and both of which assumed a natural link between the name and its object.
Looking carefully at particular language structures, Saussure asked : what is that permits the human mind to make meaning out of a spoken utterance?
http://www.livejournal.com/talkread.bml?itemid=9860623&nc=4   (3325 words)

  
 Propositions for the Deconstruction of Cine-Structuralism
We might recall P. Adams Sitney's definition that "structural film" is a cinema in which the shape of the whole film is predetermined and simplified...and what content it has is minimal and subsidiary to the outline" (characterized by fixed camera position, flicker, loops and rephotography).
This test is also useful in identifying and summarizing the structural basis of Lacanian psychoanalysis.
As will be shown with the next example, art that refuses to "signify" (at the level which is desired) is deemed useless if not perverse, while those works which operate at the level of "secondary identification" exhibit so-called legibility and meaning.
http://www.holonet.khm.de/visual_alchemy/opsis/Propositions.html   (3929 words)

  
 Structuralism in Physics
These programs were initiated by the work of Joseph Sneed, Günther Ludwig, and Erhard Scheibe, respectively, since the begin of the 1970s.
For the sake of simplicity we will use these names in order to refer to the three programs, without the intention of ignoring or minimizing the contributions of other scholars.
An extended ‘Bibliography of Structuralism’ connected to Sneed's program appeared in Erkenntnis 44 (1994).
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physics-structuralism   (4457 words)

  
 structuralism
Claude Lévi-Strauss, Structural Anthropology (1958): analysed culture as a language, and kinship terms as models for other categories of binary opposition (most famously, the raw and the cooked).
Jacques Derrida, Writing and Difference, 1967, developed a hybrid of Structuralism from a phenomenological perspective: poststructuralism.
This approach derives from the work of Victor Propp (The Morphology of the Folktale, 1928, which analysed fictional characters in terms of plot function).
http://www.cus.cam.ac.uk/~blf10/structuralism.html   (1867 words)

  
 Compare Prices and Read Reviews on Alphaville at Epinions.com
Structuralism basically states that the idea of authorship is cancelled out because text is the function of a system.
Not difficult concepts when applied to a parable of an entire futuropolis ruled by a machine — one, in fact, that has been around in cinema since 1927 and Fritz Lang’s Metropolis.
It is a clever and concise summary of both the groundwork of structuralism — and why structuralism cannot function effectively as a unified cosmology.
http://www.epinions.com/content_11447864964   (2719 words)

  
 virtuaLit: Critical Approaches
In analyzing myths and texts to find basic structures, structuralists found that opposite terms modulate until they are finally resolved or reconciled by some intermediary third term.
An means what it means in English because those of us who speak the language are plugged into the same system (think of it as a computer network where different individuals can access the same information in the same way at a given time).
Structuralism is a theory of humankind in which all elements of human culture, including literature, are thought to be parts of a system of signs.
http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/virtualit/poetry/critical_define/crit_struct.html   (590 words)

  
 Some Post-Structuralist Assumptions
To put this briefly, we live in a world of language, discourse and ideology, none of which are transparent, all of which structure our sense of being and meaning.
This is essentially structuralist, one of the reasons why 'post-structuralism' cannot be understood without structuralism.
The text is therefore in a sense a 'copy' of that order or structure which grounds the coherence of the text; analysis of a text is a copy of a copy, the text is just an intermediary between the reader and the structure of rationality, and so it 'disappears'.
http://www.brocku.ca/english/courses/4F70/poststruct.html   (1925 words)

  
 AskOxford: post-structuralism
• noun an extension and critique of structuralism, especially as used in critical textual analysis, which emphasizes plurality of meaning and rejects the binary oppositions of structuralism.
http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/poststructuralism?view=uk   (110 words)

  
 Interactionism and Structuralism
May 5) – K-cores and Cliques: Use UCINET for cliquing and Pajek for K-cores (locating cohesive ridge structures).
“Cohesion Versus Structural Equivalence as a Basis for Network Subgroups,” in
“Informant Accuracy in Social Network Data III: A Comparison of Triadic Structure in Behavioral and Cognitive Data.”
http://ed.stanford.edu/~mcfarland/NetAnlSyl.htm   (2698 words)

  
 structuralism - Columbia Encyclopedia article about structuralism
in a variety of fields, especially linguistics linguistics, scientific study of language, covering the structure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), sounds (phonology), and meaning (semantics), as well as the history of the relations of languages to each other and the cultural place of language in human behavior.
used structuralism to study the kinship systems of different societies.
In France after 1968 this search for the deep structure of the mind was criticized by such "poststructuralists" as Jacques Derrida Derrida, Jacques (zhäk` dĕr'rēdä`), 1930–2004, French philosopher, b.
http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/structuralism   (574 words)

  
 Semiotics
Entries entitled: Max Bense, Ernst Cassirer, Computer, Eugen Coseriu, Interface, Parallelism, Structure, Design in The Encyclopedia of Semiotics (Paul Bouissac, Ed.).
User Interfaces in the Post-Romantic Age of Computation (1993)
Klages (1997) Claude Lévi-Strauss: The Structural Study of Myth
http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/semiotics.html   (2419 words)

  
 [No title]
Although Saussurian linguistics is its paradigm, what is of interest is how structuralism analogically extends Saussure's terms into the analysis of literature.
The self is an intersubjective construct, a place where codes and conventions interact.
The intentionality of the author is thereby disregarded; language and structures -- not the consciousness of an author or the willed verbal acts that eminate from it -- generate meaning.
http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/glossary/Structuralism.html   (305 words)

  
 Post Structuralism by Roger Jones
Unlike Marx, Foucault had no underlying belief in a deep underlying truth or structure: there was no objective viewpoint from which one could analyse discourse or society.
In the study of language, the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) suggested that meaning was to be found within the structure of a whole language rather than in the analysis of individual words.
For Marxists, the truth of human existence could be understood by an analysis of economic structures.
http://www.philosopher.org.uk/poststr.htm   (921 words)

  
 Process structuralism
For this reason, I frequently discourse with ultra-Darwinians, macromutationists, self-organization theorists, complexity theorists, intelligent design advocates, theistic evolutionists, and young-earth creationists without necessarily agreeing with any of their views.
I subscribe to a school of biological thought often termed “process structuralism.” Process or biological structuralism is concerned with understanding the formal, generative rules underlying organic forms, and focuses on the system architectures of organisms and their interrelationships.
Structuralism does, however, provide an important perspective on the origins debate.
http://www.rsternberg.net/Structuralism.htm   (244 words)

  
 Structuralism
Physiologists study how the brain works at the molecular level.
By comparing structuralism with molecular biology Titchner meant that we can study psychology and the unconscious the way a physiologist can study the brain by breaking it down into its part and studying them.
Titchner tried to explain structuralism by comparing it with molecular biology and contrasting it with functionalism.
http://www.webrenovators.com/psych/Structuralism.htm   (222 words)

  
 Glossary of Terms: St
The Stolypin reform is described and evaluated in a number of works by Lenin, notably in The Agrarian Programme of Social-Democracy in the First Russian Revolution, 1905-1907.
Structure is also often contrasted with Function, where interconnected processes rather than things are emphasised, and Structuralism.
Materialism differs from structuralism by recognising the necessary interconnection between the multiplicity of interconnected structural forms within any complex and the need to study the development of structures in relation to underlying social developments.
http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/s/t.htm   (9078 words)

  
 Structuralism
The field did not develop in a neat and orderly fashion.
We have basic principles and a way to apply them drawn from the first generation of Structuralism (Saussure, Levi-Strauss), and we have further applications of Structuralist methods in the late-Twentieth-Century Structuralists summarized by Tyson and demonstrated by Selden.
Saussure) and how many of the numerous examples Tyson gave of people who have used structuralism (i.e.
http://faculty.goucher.edu/eng215/structuralism-Structuralisms.htm   (713 words)

  
 Amazon.com: Fifty Key Contemporary Thinkers; From Structuralism to Postmodernity: Books: JOHN LECHTE
With its comprehensive biographical and bibliographical information, this book provides a vital reference work for all those who want to understand the intellectual history of the last fifty years.
cognitive phrase, early structuralism, unlimited semiosis, cinema institution, total social fact, structural semiotics
The book's organizational structure makes it an excellent reference volume and the further readings sections are especially usefull for both introductory and advanced students of the subject.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0415074088?v=glance   (2164 words)

  
 Structuralism vs. Functionalism
Approximate Pages = 1 (250 words per page double spaced)
Structuralism vs. Functionalism: The Beginning of Psychology Structuralism and Functionalism both differ greatly in their approach to the study of the human mind.
While Structuralism aims to break down human thought perception and reaction, Functionalism claims this is not only illogical, but it is also impossible.
http://www.radessays.com/viewpaper.php?nats=MTAxMzoyOjE&request=2821   (124 words)

  
 Post-structuralism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Derrida's lecture at that conference "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Human Sciences" often appears in collections as a manifesto against structuralism.
It has accordingly been claimed that post-structuralism has been concerned with reasserting the importance of history, and in so doing, developing new theoretical understandings of the subject.
Barthes' other works contributed deconstructive theories about texts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-structuralism   (912 words)

  
 Structuralism
For this reason, Wundt is often referred to as the father of structuralism.
This is one reason why general psychology students often serve as subjects in psychology experiments.
The school of psychology that Wundt began and championed all his life is referred to as "structuralism".
http://web.umr.edu/~psyworld/structuralism.htm   (734 words)

  
 Wilhelm Wundt and Structuralism
Wundt adopted this general approach for his new science.
As founder he took it as his right to define the first paradigm in psychology, Structuralism.
Introspectors could not agree on the data, and thus the scientific necessity of confirming results in other laboratories could not be met.
http://www.psych.utah.edu/gordon/Classes/Psy4905Docs/PsychHistory/Cards/Wundt.html   (502 words)

  
 ArtLex's Sq-St page
"Structure, then, is on the one hand, the technique by which the art of architecture is made possible; and, on the other hand, it is part of its artistic content.
For the aesthetic efficacy of structure does not develop or vary pari passu with structural technique.
- A school of art or of art criticism that advocates and employs a method of analyzing phenomena chiefly by contrasting the elemental structures of the phenomena in a system of binary opposition.
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/Sq.html   (4960 words)

  
 Post-Structuralism As Subculture
I would suggest that the culture of radical post- structuralism is driven by a tension between surface glitter and play and a deeper level not just of boredom but of despair: about the possibility of radical social change and also about the possibility of intellectual work having any social impact.
I think something similar could be said for post- structuralism: a method that is geared to exposing all claims to truth or value does not tell us how current systems evolved, what would be better, or how we might get there.
Probably the majority of intellectuals who adhere to post-structuralism have progressive sympathies -- but post- structuralism itself does not provide a basis for a political perspective, by which I mean a vision of a better society, and some idea of how to get there.
http://www.nathannewman.org/EDIN/.mags/.cross/.40/.40art/.epstein.html   (2703 words)

  
 structuralism. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
A method of analyzing phenomena, as in anthropology, linguistics, psychology, or literature, chiefly characterized by contrasting the elemental structures of the phenomena in a system of binary opposition.
http://www.bartleby.com/61/87/S0818700.html   (101 words)

  
 Post-structuralism
is a reaction to structuralism and works against seeing language as a stable, closed system.
Jacques Derrida's paper on "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences" (delivered in 1966) proved particularly influential in the creation of post-structuralism.
Derrida's critique of structuralism also heralded the advent of deconstruction that--like post-structuralism--critiques the notion of "origin" built into structuralism.
http://www.ap.krakow.pl/nkja/literature/theory/post-structuralism.htm   (633 words)

  
 Alibris: Structuralism
This book considers the work of five French thinkers closely associated with structuralism, and offers a reasoned and positive presentation of an important body of contemporary thought.
It introduced a new way of studying literature by attempting to create a systematic account of the structure of literary works, rather than studying the meaning of the work.
Previously annotated in December 1995 "Advance" as "Structuralism for Beginners".
http://www.alibris.com/search/books/subject/Structuralism   (561 words)

  
 Structuralism, Post-Structuralism and Semiotics -- Philosophy Books and Online Resources
Structuralism, Post-Structuralism and Semiotics -- Philosophy Books and Online Resources
Biogenetic structuralism is a body of theory which explains the interactions between brain, consciousness and culture in the production of individual experience.
The order and harmony of the Western world, its most famous achievement, and a laboratory in which structures of a complexity as yet unknown are being fashioned, demand the elimination of a prodigious mass of noxious by-products which now contaminate the globe.
http://www.erraticimpact.com/~20thcentury/html/structuralism.htm   (789 words)

  
 Structuralism - AnthroBase - Dictionary of Anthropology: A searchable database of anthropological texts
Like British structural functionalism, structuralism builds in part on the work of Durkheim and Mauss, but Lévi-Strauss was also inspired by linguistic and
Empirically, the structuralists have done much work with myth and kinship.
While the structural functionalists concentrated on social structure, the structuralists focused on structures of meaning.
http://www.anthrobase.com/Dic/eng/def/structuralism.htm   (99 words)

  
 ClSt / ComL 200 Notes and Supplements: Structuralism
In his article on the structural study of myth, Claude Levi-Strauss explains in detail how structuralist analysis works, citing as illustrations first the Oedipus myth, then a variety of similar Native American myths.
The question therefore becomes one of how to analyze properly the structural relationship that is thought to exist among the various motifs contained within a single myth.
And the English homonyms "pain" and "pane" also possess different meanings, which are attached to the sound of the words only by convention, not by any intrinsic relationship.
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~jfarrell/courses/myth/topics/structuralism.html   (900 words)

  
  Semiotics, Structuralism and Television
S- Semiotics and structuralism are so closely related they are said to overlap--- semiotics being a field of study in itself, whereas structuralism is a method of analysis often used in semiotics."
S-"Structuralism stresses that each element within a cultural system derives its meaning from its relationship to every other element in the system: there are no independent meanings, but rather many meanings produced by their difference from other elements in the system."
The study of semiotics insists that we should discern the distinctive ways of producing and combining signs practiced by particular kinds of television, in particular places, and at a particular point int time, because these codes are inseparable from the ‘reality’ of the media communication."
http://jcomm.uoregon.edu/~cbybee/j388/semiotics.html   (1360 words)

  
 Wordsmyth
a method of analysis involving the study of stable, structural elements, applied esp. in fields such as linguistics, anthropology, and psychology.
If you register now this message and color will disappear, and ensure that you won't miss any of the unique Wordsmyth features you've come to enjoy.
http://wordsmyth.net/live/home.php?script=search&matchent=structuralism&...   (89 words)

  
 Post-Structuralism or Nothing
A book list of introductory and overview books on post-structuralism, structuralism, semiotics and related topics.
The ten thousand things rise and fall without cease,
http://www.pixcentrix.co.uk/pomo/post-s/post-s.htm   (749 words)

  
 VoS - Voice of the Shuttle
VoS is woven by Alan Liu and a development team
Jacobson's Model of a Communications Act (David Arnason, U. Manitoba)
Some Elements of Structuralism and its Application to Literary Theory (John Lye, Brock U.)
http://vos.ucsb.edu/browse.asp?id=2440   (203 words)

  
 Technorati Tag: post-structuralism
Downloadable Papers Established site sells papers on Post Structuralism.
Roland Barthes' Mythologies and Mary Midgley's The Myths We Live By are works which straddle the academic and the mainstream and flag up the myths of...
Separate tags with "OR" to search multiple subjects.
http://technorati.com/tag/post-structuralism   (386 words)

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