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| | Supercomputer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | A supercomputer is a computer that leads the world in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation, at the time of its introduction. | | | For this reason, traditional supercomputers can be replaced, for many applications, by "clusters" of computers of standard design which can be programmed to act as one large computer. | | | Supercomputers traditionally gained their speed over conventional computers through the use of innovative designs that allow them to perform many tasks in parallel, as well as complex detail engineering. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer
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| | CS 3604 Assignment 2: Supercomputers, Spring 1997 |
| | Supercomputers, on the other hand, were designed, built, and bought to work on extremely large jobs that could be handled by no other type of computing system. | | | The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing has this definition for "supercomputer:" | | | CRAY-2 computer system in 1985, both of which were the fastest supercomputers in the world when they were introduced, he again parted ways with his company after top-management elected not to go ahead with his new project, the Cray 3. |
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http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/SUPERCOM.Calle.HTML
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| | Supercomputers |
| | Overview Supercomputers can be defined as the most advanced and powerful computers, or array of computers, in existence at the time of their construction. | | | Supercomputers are used to solve problems that are too complex or too massive for standard computers, like calculating how individual molecules move in a tornado, or forecasting detailed weather patterns. | | | Some supercomputers are single computers consisting of multiple processors; others are clusters of computers that work together. |
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http://www.infoweblinks.com/content/supercomputers.htm
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| | Course Technology -- InfoWeb: Supercomputers |
| | For an update on supercomputer technology, visit the sites of supercomputer vendors using the directory Supercomputer and Parallel Computer Vendors. | | | Parascope An index of parallel computing sites is presented as a service of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Computer Society. | | | The World's Fastest Computers (Byte, January 1996) is an excellent article on supercomputers. |
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http://www.cciw.com/content/supercomputers.html
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| | Welcome to FlashMobComputing.org |
| | Unlike traditional supercomputers, which are expensive and not accessible to the general public, a FlashMob supercomputer is temporary, made up of ordinary computers, and is built to work on a specific problem. | | | Through a series of tests, we were able to run the benchmark on 256 of the computers and achieved a peak rate of 180 Gflops (billions of calculations per second), although this computation stopped three quarters of the way through due to a node failure. | | | For some people, this is the first time they had every heard of "parallel computing", the idea of using multiple computers simultaneously to solve a single problem. |
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http://www.flashmobcomputing.org
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| | Apple - Science - Profile - Virginia Tech, p.1 |
| | The Xserve-based supercomputer is part of Virginia Tech’s Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, where scientists tackle multi-disciplinary, “grand challenge” problems in science and engineering &; large-scale problems such as computational fluid dynamics, molecular modeling, nanoelectronics, quantum chemistry, computational biology and large-scale network emulation. | | | Ranking seventh in the Top 500 list of the world’s most powerful computer systems, System X was built at a fifth of the cost of the second-least expensive system in the top 10. | | | “When we built the first supercomputer from Power Mac G5s, we proved that a radically-different communications technology could be used to create a large-scale computing platform,” says Dr. Srinidhi Varadarajan, director of the university& Terascale Computing Facility and the system& lead designer. |
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http://www.apple.com/science/profiles/vatech2
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| | Review for the THES: The Supermen |
| | Customers for supercomputers, like those for supercars, have often basked in the prestige of owning the fastest computer in the world. | | | The future of supercomputing has to be increasing parallelization due to the physical limitations of sequential machines, and Cray recognized this. | | | His relentless efforts over several decades to design the fastest computer in the world have inspired and driven generations of engineers. |
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http://www.jpbowen.com/publications/thes-cray.html
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| | IBM Research Projects Blue Gene |
| | Blue Gene is an IBM Research project dedicated to exploring the frontiers in supercomputing: in computer architecture, in the software required to program and control massively parallel systems, and in the use of computation to advance our understanding of important biological processes such as protein folding. | | | Blue Gene/L will also be a part of IBM's research in "autonomic computing", an initiative to design computer systems that are self-healing, self-managing and self-configuring. | | | Compared with today's fastest supercomputers, it will be six times faster, consume 1/15th the power per computation and be 10 times more compact than today's fastest supercomputers. |
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http://www.research.ibm.com/bluegene
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| | The TOP25 Supercomputer Sites |
| | An overview of many of the supercomputers in use is [7]. | | | Most of the supercomputer vendors have substantial compute capabilities, which would make the TOP25 centers list. | | | Since the vendor centers are geared towards benchmarking and internal software development, we in 1995 decided not to list them in the same list as the Top25 supercomputer centers, which are geared towards research. |
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http://www.hoise.com/primeur/PL/96/pl-top500/ES-PL-11-96-4.html
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| | BBC World Home Page |
| | Srinidhi Varadaraja: "A system of this size generally sees its most application in what is known as big science research; massive simulations, models, computational engineering systems. | | | Examples of these include things like nanoscale electronics, if you're trying to invent computer chips 30 years from now you're looking at atomic levels with a single atom acting as a switch. | | | The project's chief architect, Srinidhi Varadarajan, had to write a special program called Déjà Vu to ensure that if any individual computer crashes in the middle of a calculation lasting weeks, if not months, another computer will take over seamlessly |
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http://www.bbcworld.com/content/clickonline_archive_40_2003.asp?pageid=666&co_pageid=3
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| | The New Yorker: From the Archives |
| | M zero is a parallel supercomputer, a type of machine that has lately come to dominate the avant-garde in supercomputer architecture, because the design offers succulent possibilities for speed in solving problems. | | | The definition of a supercomputer is simply this: one of the fastest and most powerful scientific computers in the world for its time. | | | He invented the original Cray series of supercomputers, and is now the head of the Cray Computer Corporation, a spinoff from Cray Research. |
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http://www.newyorker.com/archive/content/?050411fr_archive01
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| | From PlayStation to Supercomputer for $50,000 |
| | Gordon Bell, a Microsoft computer scientist and a veteran of the supercomputer world, said the PlayStation supercomputer might find its best application as a computer for the large digital display walls that are used by the Defense Department. | | | Still, several supercomputer experts said that the memory and computing bandwidth limitations of the PlayStation would prohibit broader applications of the machine. | | | Perhaps the most striking aspect of the project, which uses the open source Linux operating system, is that the only hardware engineering involved was placing 70 of the individual game machines in a rack and plugging them together with a high-speed Hewlett-Packard network switch. |
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http://www.nytimes.com/glogin?URI=http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/26/technology/26XSUPE.html&OQ=_rQ3D3Q26orefQ3DsloginQ26orefQ3Dslogin&OP=3876a4b5Q2FQ3AQ7CWQ7DQ3Ap8wQ5DQ3D88FQ2BQ3AQ2BQ3FQ3F6Q3AQ3FQ3CQ3AQ2B0Q3AFWwG78Q228Q5ErQ3AQ2B0KsO.1_GF-Q22
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| | [No title] |
| | This first brought about the creation of the FSU Supercomputer Computations Research Institute (SCRI) followed by the delivery in March 1985 of interim computer hardware to the FSU Computing Center (FSUCC). | | | All of these supercomputers provided unique features and abilities that have enhanced the ``high-end'' computer capabilities at FSU for the past six years. | | | The Q continued to provide supercomputing UNIX cycles with no hardware or software maintenance until hardware problems forced a shutdown in November of 1990. |
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http://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/super-users-view.html
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| | KASY0 Press Release, August 22, 2003 |
| | KASY0 also is the first supercomputer to have its physical node and switch placement optimized by a computer program. | | | The approach used to design and build this machine makes it cost-effective for solving a wide range of problems, from drug design using computational chemistry to design of quieter printers using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). | | | Performance on that program depends partly on the theoretical peak GFLOPS of the processors, but also on the parallel implementation and efficiency of the network that allows the processors to work together. |
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http://aggregate.org/KASY0/press.html
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| | New Scientist Breaking News - Self-wiring supercomputer is cool and compact |
| | An experimental supercomputer made from hardware that can reconfigure itself to tackle different software problems is being built by researchers in Scotland. | | | Researchers at the centre have begun building a computer that will incorporate 64 FPGA processing units and be capable of operating at 1 teraflop - one trillion mathematical operations per second. | | | Once the 64-node machine is built, the designers will try to transfer several existing supercomputer programs onto the new hardware using these tools. |
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http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7448
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| | Facilitating the Advancement of Computational Science |
| | Having a medium scale supercomputer on its premises allows CWI researchers to experiment with both hardware and software in a way that would conflict with the requirements of a production-like setting. | | | The cluster will be used by CWI scientists to support state-of-the-art fundamental research in fields like, multi-media databases, machine learning, software engineering and cryptography. | | | The cluster has been designed with the different needs of these groups in mind, such as high-speed interconnects between nodes to share memory, RAID systems for ultra-fast IO-to-disk, and sheer CPU power, in terms of price-performance. |
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http://db.cwi.nl/projecten/project.php4?prjnr=162
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| | Power Architecture Community Newsletter, 15 Feb 2005: MareNostrum: A new concept in Linux supercomputing |
| | The TOP500 Supercomputer Sites project was started in 1993 to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting trends in high-performance computing -- twice a year, the project releases a list of the 500 sites operating the most powerful computer systems. | | | MareNostrum is now at home at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) on the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) campus in Barcelona, a prestigious public institution focused on higher education, research, and technology transfer. | | | Porta added, "The supercomputer is based upon commodity technology already developed and available. |
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http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/pa-nl3-marenostrum.html
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| | What is supercomputer? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary |
| | Provides links to academic research groups working in the field of supercomputing and parallel computing. | | | Tera Computer Company's home page provides information on its endeavors in the supercomputing field, including press releases, reports, general information, and a description of its MTA supercomputer. | | | Other uses of supercomputers include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration. |
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http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html
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| | PNNL News and Publications |
| | The supercomputer will be roughly 11,400 times faster than a current personal computer. | | | The supercomputer will have 3.8 terabytes of memory and 190 terabytes of disk space. | | | Most significantly, the original computer ordered was announced as being 8.3 teraflops. |
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http://www.pnl.gov/news/2002/computer.htm
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| | Linux Rules Supercomputers - Forbes.com |
| | A group that keeps track of the top 500 supercomputers in the world estimates that Linux powers 60% of those machines, displacing Unix, which used to be the most popular operating system for high-performance computing. | | | But the scientists who maintain the list privately keep track of what operating systems are running on the computers, says Hans Werner Meuer, a computer science professor at the University of Mannheim, in Germany, who has been publishing the Top 500 list twice a year since 1993. | | | Meuer reckons Linux powers 301 of the 500 top machines, compared to 189 on Unix, two on FreeBSD, a Unix variant, and one on Microsoft's (nasdaq: MSFT - news - people) Windows. |
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http://www.forbes.com/home/enterprisetech/2005/03/15/cz_dl_0315linux.html
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| | Linux News: Implementation : Virginia Tech Building Power Mac G5 Supercomputer |
| | Aref, who indicated the project is under pressure to submit computing speed numbers by October to be considered among the world's fastest supercomputers, said the cluster represents the use of five new technologies. | | | Aref said the larger number of machines will mean greater access to and more projects for the supercomputing cluster, which will be used for research on nanoscale electronics, quantum | | | In addition to the G5 machines, the university said it is using a beta version of the latest release of OS X, new networking hardware |
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http://www.linuxinsider.com/perl/story/31485.html
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| | SGI - Press Releases: NASA, SGI and Intel Build and Deploy 'Columbia' in Record Time: New Supercomputer World's Most ... |
| | The Columbia supercomputer, built from 20 SGI&; Altix® systems, each powered by 512 Intel&; Itanium® 2 processors, promises to revolutionize the rate of scientific discovery at NASA. | | | Now that Columbia is fully operational, NASA plans to accelerate its scientific pursuits in a variety of fields: detailed hurricane predictions, global warming studies, electronic wind tunnel simulations, galaxy formation and supernova analysis, and experiments leading to safer space exploration. | | | Each system with 512 Intel Itanium 2 processors would operate as a single system image (SSI), a feat that only months before was heralded as a revolutionary advance in Linux computing. |
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http://www.sgi.com/company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2004/october/columbia.html
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| | Furbeowulf Cluster Computing - build your own supercomputer! |
| | The computing power of a single Furby still lags behind even Cray Computing's mid-range 2 gigaflop supercomputers, but it is, nonetheless, infinitely more powerful than a Pet Rock and carries a somewhat lower cost-of-ownership than the Cray, particularly when you take into account the price and availability of spares and replacements. | | | When Linux was first ported to the Furby platform, it suffered from significant stability and performance problems, which gave the Furby an unfortunate reputation as being unsuitable for enterprise-level computing. | | | Since the introduction of the original Cray-1 in 1976 with a computing power of 133 million floating-point operations per second (megaflops), a quarter-century of RandD efforts have only pushed the performance envelope of Cray's current top-of-the-line SV1ex-based systems to to the 64,000 megaflop range. |
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http://www.trygve.com/furbeowulf.html
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| | LSU CAPITAL's Supercomputer |
| | According to the standard HPL (High Performance Computing Linpack) benchmark that is used to rank the performance of supercomputers worldwide, "SuperMike" clocks at 2.207 TeraFlops; that is, it performs over 2 trillion floating point operations every second. | | | In an effort to significantly enhance the high-performance-computing resources that are available to Louisiana's students and academic researchers in various subfields of information technology, LSU has acquired through Atipa Technologies a Beowulf-class supercomputer with 1,024 Intel®; 1.8 GHz Xeon DP processors that are tightly coupled through Myricom's myrinet network. | | | "SuperMike" is a general-purpose, parallel supercomputer that can be used to help solve a wide variety of challenging science and engineering problems. |
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http://www.phys.lsu.edu/faculty/tohline/capital/beowulf.html
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| | Cray Supercomputer FAQ |
| | The G4 is being touted as a "Supercomputer for the desktop" and with the performance figures of a Gigaflop/s (1 CPU) it is certainly up to at least 1992 supercomputer cpu speed. | | | Whilst relatively few machines were ever made, even of the more popular models, they provided an unrivalled platform for tackling the toughest computational problems, which is of course, the mission of Cray Research. | | | By bigger in supercomputing terms we mean more CPU horsepower in one system. |
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http://www.faqs.org/faqs/computer/system/cray/faq
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| | supercomputer - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | supercomputer : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info] | | | supercomputer : Hutchinson Dictionary of Computers, Multimedia, and the Internet [home, info] | | | supercomputer : ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science [home, info] |
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http://www.onelook.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=supercomputer
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| | Japan aims for world's fastest supercomputer - Computerworld |
| | The supercomputer performance record is held today by the $100 million Blue Gene/L at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, Calif. In March, the computer was clocked at 135.3 TFLOPS by the Linpack benchmark, which puts supercomputer systems through a series of mathematical tests. | | | The computer will be used for biotechnology and nanotechnology research for the benefit of Japanese industry, Hoshino said. | | | For years, Intel has been continually improving the quality and reliability of its platforms, and today's systems are well suited to this growing challenge. |
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http://www.computerworld.com/hardwaretopics/hardware/story/0,10801,102132,00.html
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| | IBM To Deliver World's Most Powerful Linux Supercomputer |
| | The supercomputer is planned to be integrated with other non-Linux systems to form a massive, distributed computing Grid — enabling collaboration between corporations, academia and government — to support various research including grid technologies, life sciences bioinformatics and nanotechnology. | | | The Grid will incorporate the Globus Toolkit 3.0 and the Open Grid Services Infrastructure, and is planned to link heterogeneous and geographically dispersed computing resources, including servers, storage and data, to allow researchers to collaborate through shared resources. | | | The system with a total of 2,636 processors will include 1,058 IBM&; |
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http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/news/pr_730.html
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| | Cray Inc - The Supercomputer Company |
| | Cray customers in the scientific research and engineering communities are using supercomputers to solve their most difficult computational challenges, with applications ranging from hurricane tracking to improving the design performance of golf clubs. | | | The Cray XT3™ supercomputer, purpose-built to meet the special needs of capability class HPC applications,offers a new level of scalable computing. | | | Red Storm posted 1.8 TB/sec (1.8 trillion bytes per second) on the PTRANS interconnect bandwidth test that is part of the High Performance Computing Challenge (HPCC) test suite. |
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http://www.cray.com
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| | CNN - A $1000 supercomputer? - June 15, 1999 |
| | The CPU, long the heart of all PCs, may be an unnecessary component in tomorrow's high-performance computers. | | | The new $1000 computer will be "three orders of magnitude different in price-performance [ratio]" from today's PCs, Gilson claims. | | | The new computer will be able to process 100 billion instructions per second, according to Kent Gilson, chief technical officer of Star Bridge Systems. |
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http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9906/15/supercomp.idg
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| | SuperComputing Resources on the Internet |
| | Jonathan Hardwick (jch@cs.cmu.edu), maintains a list of Supercomputer conference and journal calls for papers and programs with multiple indices is available from Carnegie Mellon University. | | | Supercomputer Computations Res Inst (SCRI) (Florida State Univ) | | | Below is a list of High Performance Computing Centers and their associated WWW information. |
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http://www.research.umbc.edu/~jack/supercomputer-resources.html
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| | L - MachL 4.2 Desktop - Features |
| | 4.2 is a giant leap in personal computing, incorporating both supercomputing technologies and industry first original hardware designs. | | | 4.2 SuperComputer is an industry changing Desktop workstation and the modern reference for which everyone else will be compared to. | | | It is the world's most radically engineered, groundbreaking, and fastest personal computing powerhouse ever built. |
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http://www.go-l.com/desktops/machl38/features
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| | Vector and Scalar Parallel Supercomputers |
| | Supercomputer Systems Ltd. GigaBooster: 7 DEC Alpha 21066 233 MHz processors | | | I'm not sure why I list this computer here on the supercomputer page. | | | Thinking Machines Corporation no longer makes hardware, their hardware arm was acquired by the Gores Technology Group and became CMS. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/6270/superp.html
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| | National Supercomputer Centre in Sweden |
| | New shared memory system at NSC (2006-01-30) A new computer system with Swedens largest shared memory, half a terabyte, is now being installed at the National Supercomputer Centre (NSC), at Linköping University. | | | NSC also provides a wide range of high performance computing services to the NSC partners SAAB and SMHI and to members of academic institutions throughout Sweden. | | | Systems Status This page contains info on the present load on our computers. |
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http://www.nsc.liu.se
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| | World's Fastest Linux Supercomputer to Bolster National Security Projects |
| | The Linux Networx Evolocity cluster, when delivered to LLNL, will be the fastest Intel-based or Linux cluster machine ever built, as it will harness 1,920 Intel® Xeon processors at 2.4 GHz with a theoretical peak of 9.2 teraFLOPS, or 9.2 trillion calculations per second. | | | "This Intel-based Linux Networx system is historic in that it represents a viable method of using standards-based technologies to create some of the fastest supercomputers in the world," said Lisa Hambrick, director of enterprise processor marketing for Intel. | | | "Linux Networx and Intel are expanding the possibilities of supercomputing into a world where the fastest machines are powered by cost-effective and very powerful Intel Xeon processors." |
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http://www.lnxi.com/news/7.15.2002.19-Worlds_Fastest.html
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| | Wired 10.12: God Is the Machine |
| | This is why your Mac can, with proper software, pretend to be a PC or, with sufficient memory, a slow supercomputer. | | | One computer can do anything another can do. |
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http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/10.12/holytech_pr.html
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| | Wired News: Mac Supercomputer Just Got Faster |
| | A 30-year-old assistant professor of computer science at Virginia Tech, Varadarajan was unheard of before planning, financing and building the Big Mac in about six months for just $5.2 million. | | | He received three enthusiastic rounds of applause -- the last one a standing ovation -- from the 100 or so Mac programmers in the audience. | | | (The lab's 2,300-CPU Linux cluster has fallen to No. 4 in the supercomputer rankings.) |
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http://www.wired.com/news/mac/0,2125,61005,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_2
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| | Merrimac - Stanford Streaming Supercomputer Project |
| | Merrimac is designed to be a streaming scientific computer that can be scaled from a $20K 2 TFLOPS workstation to a $20M 2 PFLOPS supercomputer. | | | This in turn allows a given level of performance to be achieved with fewer nodes (a 1-PFLOPS machine, for example, with just 8,192 nodes) resulting in greater reliability, and simpler system management. | | | Access is restricted to members of the project. |
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http://merrimac.stanford.edu
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| | Supercomputer Applications |
| | Supercomputer Applications is a half-credit semester course with a suggested AP computer science co-requisite. | | | Students will explore computational science and high performance computing using various scientific visualization techniques. | | | Because our class will be involved in a special project with Advanced Network and Services called Imagining the Future, The sequence of topics that we will cover will be slightly different but we will cover the same materials. |
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http://www.tjhsst.edu/~dhyatt/supercomp
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| | BBC - Science & Nature - Hot Topics - Artificial Intelligence (AI) |
| | The world's most powerful supercomputer can carry out 100 trillion operations per second, which some scientists believe could be approaching the processing power of the human brain. | | | But some scientists believe our brains can carry out around 10,000 trillion operations per second. | | | It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email. |
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/hottopics/ai
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| | LinuxHPC.org - Linux High Performance Computing and Linux Clusters |
| | "Our collaboration has resulted in building a supercomputer that will enable scientists to integrate and access data at an unprecedented rate, transforming their ability to do detailed computer modeling on a whole host of subjects. | | | Bill Mutell, senior vice president of Worldwide Public Sector, Health and Education at HP, said, "The collaboration between HP and the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory exemplifies HP's strategy of working in partnership with our customers, while applying our long-standing commitment to serious R&D and the creation of advanced computing systems. | | | Scientists already are using a variety of applications on the supercomputer to analyze and compile data regarding geochemical modeling, heavy element chemistry, modeling of chemistry on porous sites, groundwater flow simulations, nanosize particle modeling, and evaluation of molecular thermodynamics, kinetics and prediction of excited states. |
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http://www.linuxhpc.org/stories.php?story=05/04/05/9498540
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| | Supercomputer (Linktionary term) |
| | Supercomputers are the fastest and most expensive computer systems. | | | Supercomputers are generally designed for special applications (e.g., predicting weather or modeling of nuclear weapons explosions). | | | Note: Many topics at this site are reduced versions of the text in "The Encyclopedia of Networking and Telecommunications." Search results will not be as extensive as a search of the book's CD-ROM. |
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http://www.linktionary.com/s/supercomputer.html
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| | FTL - Compact Supercomputers |
| | FTL Systems' StarStream enables: autonomous mobile operation, significant improvements in electronic design automation, interactive virtual reality, nano/pico technology fabrication, gaming, scientific computing, meterology, enhanced imaging and signal processing, natural language interpretation, interactive database mining and many more challenging and comparable applications ushering in qualitatively new human capable/experiential solutions. | | | New compiler, design automation, computer architecture and device technology now enables a compact supercomputer which delivers an practical computing appliance. | | | Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, the team at FTL Systems was involved with a series of leading-edge parallel computers which lacked the application and compiler software to become an appliance and consumed too high a cost, power and cooling profile to deliver capability where the user needed it most. |
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http://www.ftlsystems.com/computing
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| | supercomputer from FOLDOC |
| | A less serious definition, reported from about 1990 at The University Of New South Wales states that a supercomputer is any computer that can outperform IBM's current fastest, thus making it impossible for IBM to ever produce a supercomputer. | | | Perhaps the best known supercomputer manufacturer is Cray Research. | | | Nearby terms: sum of sets « summum bonum « superclass « supercomputer » supererogatory » superset » supervenience |
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http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?supercomputer
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| | NAS Project: Columbia |
| | Many exciting projects are being run on Columbia -- from Aeroelastic analysis to X-37 database development. | | | NASA's most powerful supercomputer, named Columbia to honor the Space Shuttle astronauts, is revitalizing the agency's high-end computing infrastructure and helping make breakthrough scientific discoveries to support agency missions. | | | Twenty years ago, the most powerful computer at NASA Ames ran at a speed of about 1 gigaflop (one billion calculations per second). |
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http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Projects/Columbia/columbia.html
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