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| | Project Xanadu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Ted Nelson published his visionary ideas in his 1974 book Computer Lib/Dream Machines and the 1981 Literary Machines. | | | In 1998, Nelson released the source code to Xanadu as Project Udanax, in the hope that the techniques and algorithms used could help to overturn some software patents. | | | It was referred to by Wired Magazine as "longest-running vaporware story in the history of the computer industry": the first attempt at implementation began in 1960, but it wasn't until 1998 that (incomplete) software was released. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Xanadu
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| | 1996 New Paradigms for Using Computers: Ted Nelson Transcript |
| | Ted Nelson: No, I said you are because you are going to have the software on your machine. | | | Ted Nelson: One of the components of the system is the software for managing your personal media. | | | Ted Nelson: To answer your question, the caching issue is an optimization issue and I am sure that services will, if this works, pop up. |
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http://www.almaden.ibm.com/almaden/npuc97/1996/tnelson.htm
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| | Multimedia – From Wagner to Virtual Reality |
| | Nelson was particularly concerned with the complex nature of the creative impulse, and he saw the computer as the tool that would make explicit the interdependence of ideas, drawing out connections between literature, art, music and science, since, as he put it, everything is "deeply intertwingled." | | | As a graduate student in philosophy in the late1950s and early 1960s, Ted Nelson had two critical intellectual encounters that led him to become one of the most influential figures in computing. | | | From these influences, Nelson began his quest to build creative tools that would transform the way we read and write, and in 1963 he coined the words "hypertext" and "hypermedia" to describe the new paradigms that these tools would make possible. |
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http://www.artmuseum.net/w2vr/timeline/Nelson.html
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| | Ted Nelson and Xanadu |
| | Nelson then goes on to talk about xanalogical storage, humbers, the docuverse, and tumbler arithmetic, not exactly making it easy for the general readership to understand his ideas. | | | Xanalogical storage, which Nelson later termed transclusion, describes the ability to make a virtual copy of part of one document, for inclusion in a second document. | | | Since that date, Nelson has been pursuing his dream, a software framework he named Xanadu, after Coleridge's "Kubla Khan" (he came up with the name while working for a publisher). |
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http://eserver.org/elab/hfl0155.html
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| | Does Ted Nelson want us to change the way we think |
| | Ted Nelson has already been recognized in print as one of the great geniuses of computer history. | | | My impression of Ted Nelson's vision is that he is telling us to "change the way we think" about computers. | | | Some say there is a risk that Nelson will eventually be remembered by the derogatory remarks of those who either cannot grasp his vision of human liberation through the use of computer tools and concepts to revolutionize human dialog, or who can appreciate the vision but are threatened by or jealous of it. |
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http://www.bflrc.com/dls/does_ted_nelson_want_us_to_chang.htm
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| | Cybertext Forbear: Ted Nelson |
| | As a world where computers are commonplace is encountered, Nelson maintains, an electronic universe of hypertext is historically inevitable. | | | Here Nelson thoroughly divulges the work of his cybernetic predecessors (as well as pugnacious views regarding governmental bureaucracy and the computer industry). | | | From its beginnings, hypertext is proposed as a practical proposition in which computer storage and display mechanisms will allow writers to create multiple, branching and alternative structures in their work. |
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http://www-ec.njit.edu/~cfunk/nelson2.html
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| | Computer Lib/Dream Machines |
| | Ted Nelson wrote Computer Lib at a time when IBM dominated computer sales and computer thinking. | | | Ted Nelson saw that potential, as well as dropping prices of computer equipment, and he had the temerity to advocate personal ownership of computers. | | | For Ted Nelson, computers were "All-Purpose Machines" that could control almost any other machine. |
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http://cla.uconn.edu/reviews/cmptrlib.html
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| | if:book: ted nelson & the ideologies of documents |
| | Nelson starts from the position that attempting to simulate paper with computers is a mistaken idea. | | | I knew of Ted since the 1960s, coimplemented software for him early in Xanadu history, and at the world's first Personal Computer Conference where I demo'd some Xanadu, I presented what is arguably the first ever formal lecture on Literature and Hypertext. | | | But the problems that Nelson has identified in the electronic world are real, even if the solutions he's proposing prove to be untenable. |
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http://www.futureofthebook.org/blog/archives/2005/10/ted_nelson_the_1.html
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| | xanadu.html |
| | Nelson has always thought to solve these problems with an idea he first named "transclusion," but now calls "hypersharing." Every document would be linked intimately to every other document that quotes it or refers to it, so that the reader could see them simultaneously. | | | Nelson concedes that many computer users prefer the comfort of dictated structure to the responsibility that comes with total freedom. | | | Nelson's dream required a network so that users could link to documents on other people's computers. |
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http://www.swarthmore.edu/bulletin/archive/98/dec98/xanadu.html
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| | Ted Nelson - Bio |
| | Nelson and his colleagues of Project Xanadu pioneered in issues of distributed hypermedia, distributed documents and evolving edit systems. | | | Nelson is now at work on a new Project Xanadu in Japan, together with a copyright system that implements universal quotability without red tape. | | | He is a software designer, writer and film-maker who for thirty-five years has been pursuing the vision he had in 1960-- a world of universal digital media with a special logic structure, where all media objects can be quoted freely, seen side-by-side and connected side-by-side (transparallel viewing). |
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http://www.be-in.com/9/areas/mind_meld/nelson/bio
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| | trioptimum.co.uk: Ted Nelson |
| | You might not know the name Ted Nelson, but the man’s influence is all over the internet and the field of computer science. | | | But however you look at it, Nelson is probably one of the twenty most influential computer scientists alive today. | | | He coined the term hypertext in the 1960s, and in 1974 published the seminal double work Computer Lib/Dream Machines which inspired and motivated many of the biggest names in the business. |
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http://www.trioptimum.co.uk/archives/000330.html
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| | howard rheingold's tools for thought |
| | Ted Nelson was another one of the few people who saw the personal augmentation potential of computers early in the game and grasped the significance of the work being done at Utah, SRI, | | | Nelson's books, Computer Lib, The Home Computer Revolution, and Literary Machines, not only gave the orthodoxy blatant Bronx Cheers -- they also ventured dozens of predictions about the future of personal computers, many of which turned out to be strikingly accurate, a few of which turned out to be bad guesses. | | | What Ted Nelson and his long-suffering associate Roger Gregory have now is a long program written in the "C" language -- a program that is either a future goldmine for Ted Nelson and a boon to all humankind, or yet another crackpot boondoggle on the fringes of computer history. |
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http://www.rheingold.com/texts/tft/14.html
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| | Ted Nelson - Forbes.com |
| | Nelson is not an engineer; instead, he came into the world of computers from the foreign soil of the humanities, and he bemoans the fact that engineers have taken the fluidity and spontaneity out of digital information systems. | | | His books in the 1970s, Computer Lib and The Home Computer Revolution, and subsequent writings have sung a Whitmanesque song of an information system resembling the thought processes of the creative mind, free of the constraints of files and documents, as fluid as thought itself. | | | In the early years of the information age, Nelson went to graduate school at Harvard and discovered "everything everyone was saying about computers was a lie. |
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http://www.forbes.com/asap/1997/0825/134.html
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| | Ted Nelson's Vision |
| | You might be wondering why Ted Nelson has a fundamental problem with hypertext if he's the one that came up with the idea. | | | One of the more interesting pages I found during my perusals was titled "Ted Nelson's Computer Paradigm, Expressed As One-Liners". | | | He wanted to develop a method of dealing with information by it's true nature: with the idea in mind that all information is parallel in nature. |
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http://www.his.com/~dionychus/ted_nelson.html
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| | GZigZag - A Platform for Cybertext Experiments |
| | GZigZag is an implemention of ZigZag, a computer paradigm invented by Ted Nelson. | | | Applications, then, are used for performing different tasks with the computer (Nelson 1999a). | | | We are also planning a network protocol for exchanging cells between computers and developing applitudes for several purposes in order to learn more about the system. |
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http://www.nongnu.org/gzz/ct/ct.html
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| | Feature |
| | Nelson's writing and presentations inspired some of the most visionary computer programmers, managers, and executives - including Autodesk Inc. founder John Walker - to pour millions of dollars and years of effort into the project. | | | Xanadu, a global hypertext publishing system, is the longest-running vaporware story in the history of the computer industry. | | | It was the most radical computer dream of the hacker era. |
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http://wired.com/wired/archive/3.06/xanadu.html?person=ted_nelson&...
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| | G4 - Feature - Ted Nelson, Hypertext Pioneer |
| | Nelson is also delivering software of his own design. | | | Nelson sees Zigzag as the kernel of a new approach to computing: | | | This is as true now as it was in 1960, when Nelson also propounded a solution: that both these problems could be sweepingly solved online by a unique approach, now called transclusion-- the virtual inclusion of material by reference. |
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http://g4tv.com/techtvvault/features/4605/Ted_Nelson_Hypertext_Pioneer.html
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| | Ted Nelson |
| | Nelson riffing on computer software, the film industry: | | | Nelson is not exactly a big fan of Apple Computers. | | | Ted Nelson's "Computer Lib/Dream Machines" had two front covers, no back cover. |
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http://illuminationgallery.net/wr/hypertext/nelson.html
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| | alex-blog: Ted Nelson, in rare form |
| | In the rest of the book, Nelson systematically debunks and demystifies the entire Computer Industry, laying out his vision for a new, humanist vision of computing that will ultimately take on a more concrete form in Xanadu. | | | Like a latter-day Ruskin, with perhaps a touch of Locke, Nelson rails against the overarching "Central System" mindset that pervaded the early computer industry, Nelson rants vehemently about the evils of the "computer priesthood" and the "punch card mentality" that then dominated the field (and in many ways, still does): | | | Doing some research over at the SF Public Library yesterday, I came across a rare first edition of Ted Nelson's Computer Lib. |
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http://www.agwright.com/blog/archives/000582.html
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| | Letters to the Editor |
| | Nelson is a philosopher who is interested in the sort of abstract information structures that map well onto the computer. | | | Hannemyr seems to have bought into the Wired judgement that because Nelson has not produced million dollar making software, that his ideas are failures and not just that he has so far been unable to create a lucrative business. | | | It was about the development of software, and specifically, it was an attempt to critically examine the process of "hacking" as a means to get usable software created. |
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http://www.firstmonday.dk/Issues/issue4_3/letters.html
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| | Ted Nelson and Xanadu |
| | In 1994, Nelson was invited to Japan and founded the Sapporo HyperLab, which is a new design center for electronic media for the internet. | | | They are implementing a new software and median, which will be distributed free on the Internet later. | | | Later, The Project Xanadu team is formed to complete the design of a universal networking server for the system. |
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http://www.cs.yorku.ca/Courses95-96/4361/nelson.html
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| | Ted Nelson |
| | He proposed it as a system to "permit the user to read and write in a nonlinear manner." (Burton, Moore and Holmes 347) He further elaborated upon the concept in his books Dream Machines (1974) and Literary Machines (1981). | | | The latter book is described by Rosello as a "printed draft or version of a hypertext project" (155) and a "good example of how hypertextual imagination can alter the way in which we think about books at the same time as our print culture shapes the future of hypertexts." (154) | | | Despite the fact that Xanadu has never actually been implemented, "its intellectual presense has exerted an enormous force on the evolution of hypertext systems," according to the authors of the Electronic Labyrinth, who also claim that the World Wide Web embodies many of Xanadu's ideas and ideals. |
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http://www.geocities.com/amensoccer/hyper/nelson.html
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| | Xanalogical Structure, Needed Now More than Ever |
| | Project Xanadu [Nelson 1997], [Nelson 1980], [Nelson 1981], [Nelson 1987], [Nelson 1990], [Xanadu 1997] is an alternative paradigm for a computer universe, with its own alternative history of the computer field and alternative ideas of media, computer life, and the nature of connections. | | | Indeed, transclusion formats are possible for this using nearly-ordinary HTML [Nelson 1999j]; unfortunately, these formats have had to be tweaked for variations between Netscape and Explorer, and the results look somewhat different in each). | | | This underlying model is simple but generally not known, in part because our methods were under complex proprietary ownership, and thus trade secret, until the open source release of prior Xanadu code in August 1999. |
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http://www.cs.brown.edu/memex/ACM_HypertextTestbed/papers/60.html
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| | A Graph-Theoretic Introduction to Ted Nelson's Zzstructures, by McGuffin |
| | One strategy for drawing is to pick a single node as a focal point, and draw the neighbourhood around that node. | | | The hope is that by explaining concepts with standard graph theory terminology, this document might enable zzstructures to be more widely and better understood by computer scientists. | | | An example of how the view changes when the colour-axis mapping is changed, without changing cursor position. |
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http://www.dgp.utoronto.ca/~mjmcguff/research/zigzag
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| | Ted Nelson Joins Autodesk |
| | Nelson, a world-famous visionary in computing, is one of the original developers of the hypertext concept and coined the term ``hypertext'' itself in the early 1960's. | | | Ted, a prolific author, has written numerous volumes, two of which are considered classics in the field: Literary Machines and Computer Lib/Dream Machines (recently re-issued by Microsoft Press). | | | Ted will work in the Technology department at Autodesk's Sausalito office. |
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http://www.fourmilab.ch/autofile/www/section2_64_1.html
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| | Ted Nelson Newcomer Award at Hypertext '00: Noticeboard: JoDI |
| | The Journal of Digital Information is pleased to announce that it is co-sponsoring the ACM SIGWEB Ted Nelson Newcomer Award to be presented at Hypertext '00 conference in San Antonio, Texas, in June. | | | This leading edge of hypertext research is prominent in JoDI's coverage of a range of converging topics in the development of digital information systems. | | | Ted Nelson Newcomer Award at Hypertext '00: Noticeboard: JoDI |
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http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/noticeboard/jodi-nelsonaward.html
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| | Nerds 2.0.1 - Xanadu |
| | While a Master's student studying sociology at Harvard, Nelson took a computer science course and discovered an exciting new world. | | | IBM paid for the project, and the system was programmed on an IBM mainframe and graphic display. | | | He imagined innovative applications for the computer, including word processors and an interconnected, nonsequential, dynamic collection of documents and multimedia. |
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http://www.pbs.org/opb/nerds2.0.1/networking_nerds/xanadu.html
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| | mprove: Ted Nelson's Bibliography |
| | Ted Nelson, Tom DeFanti and Dan Sandin: Computer Graphics as a Way of Life. | | | Computer Decisions September 1970, Fully reprinted in Ted Nelson, "Computer Lib" 1974 | | | In Faiman and Nievergelt (editors), "Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graphics", University of Illinois Press 1969 |
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http://www.mprove.de/diplom/referencesNelson.html
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| | Ted Nelson |
| | Ted Nelson is a somewhat controversial figure in the computing world. | | | In 1965, he presented a paper at the Association for Computing Machineryin which he coined the term hypertext. | | | Nelson's system was very similar to that envisioned by Vannevar Bush. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/nelson.html
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| | History of the Internet and WWW -- Part 6: USA to Far East -- Xanadu Plan |
| | Eric Drexler created a new data structure and algorithms for complex versioning and connection management. | | | The Project Xanadu team completed the design of a universal networking server for Xanadu, described in various editions of Ted Nelson's book "Literary Machines"... | | | 1970 Nelson invented certain data structures and algorithms called the "enfilade" which became the basis for much later work (still proprietary to Xanadu Operating Company, Inc.) |
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http://www.internetvalley.com/intvalxan.html
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| | Xanalogical Structure: Now More Than Ever |
| | This is still a valid and powerful paradigm, a deep-seated and principled alternative to the hypermedia-- and indeed the computer world-- as we know them today. | | | (25) Theodor H. Nelson and Ian Heath, "Implementation of Transpointing Windows." In preparation. | | | (24) Theodor H. Nelson, "Transpublishing for Today's Web: Our Overall Design and Why It Is Simple". |
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http://www.xanadu.net/NOWMORETHANEVER/XuSum99.html
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| | Internet Time Blog: Ted Nelson, way out |
| | Promoting personal computers and hypertext at least a decade before other people had imagined such things is far out. | | | While I'm shallow, I do know a few things about Ted. | | | I'd be interested to know, does Ted offer any solutions rather than just point out problems? |
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http://www.internettime.com/blog/archives/001278.html
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| | Ted Nelson's ZigZag Lambda the Ultimate |
| | As I recall, Ted Nelson is the hypertext guy—he spent years developing a hypertext system Xanadu which was never completed, then got beaten to the punch by Berners-Lee and his WWW. | | | IMHO, what Nelson considers as missing features in the web are important non-features that contributed to its usefulness and popularity. | | | Perhaps it was humiliating and even traumatic to have been in the forefront of hypertext development when the WWW came home to roost. |
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http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/view/233
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| | XML.com: Embedded Markup Considered Harmful |
| | Theodor Holm Nelson, designer and generalist, has been a software designer and theorist since 1960 and a software consultant since 1967. | | | His principal design work includes Project Xanadu and xanalogical systems, the transcopyright system, and the theory of virtuality design. | | | His industry positions include Harcourt Brace and World publishers, Creative Computing Magazine, Datapoint Corporation, and Autodesk, Inc.; his university positions include Vassar College, University of Illinois, Swarthmore College, Strathclyde University, and Keio University. |
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http://www.xml.com/pub/a/w3j/s3.nelson.html
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| | Ned Batchelder: Ted Nelson and Xanadu |
| | Ted Nelson is one of the great computer visionaries (tomorrow I'll say more about that). | | | And besides, having back-links created by automated tasks rather than springing fully-formed without any intervention can be a good thing: it lets people do more intelligent back-linking. | | | Nelson insists that there are fundamental hypertext facilities missing from the web: deep quotability, two-way links, and side-by-side document comparison. |
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http://www.nedbatchelder.com/blog/20030103T180856.html
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| | The Impact of Emerging Technologies: Ted Nelson's Big Step - Technology Review |
| | Although Nelson is now delivering his vision in smaller, easier-to-comprehend programming units, the size of his ambition hasn't changed. | | | He is still building his Xanadu, he's just got a new approach: doing it piece by piece inside your computer. | | | Divvied up into more accessible programs, Nelson's vision can finally transcend his all-or-nothing Xanadu, his albatross. |
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http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/98/09/ditlea0998.asp?p=3
(431 words)
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| | ted |
| | His own Xanadu© project anticipated hypertext but has always tried to develop a far deeper system than is currently available. | | | [1] Nelson also believes that todays one way hypertext, the World Wide Web is far too shallow. | | | Nelson believes that without new words in our language we cannot think new thoughts, we simply go around in circles, so he makes up new words for complex ideas. |
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http://royby.com/hyper_essay/pages/ted.html
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| | Bill Kennelly's History of Hypertext: Ted Nelson |
| | He had enroled on a computer course, and it wasn't long before he had a vision of what could be the future of text handling. | | | In 1968, Nelson along with Andries van Dam, implemented the Hypertext Editing System (HES), but Nelson became disillusioned with the project and left. | | | He did not complete this term project, but five years later, he gave his first paper at the annual conference of the Association of Computing Machinery. |
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http://www.ultradevguru.com/ver2_hypertext/nelson.htm
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| | Orality and Hypertext: An Interview with Ted Nelson |
| | He coined the term "hypertext" and presented a paper on "zippered lists," a key algorithm in his Xanadu system, at a national conference of the Association for Computing Machinery in 1965. | | | Given the dramatic growth of the World Wide Web (which still lacks many key features of the Xanadu system), you would think that Nelson would be accorded the same respect as other scientists and engineers whose work has dramatically entered our lives. | | | In 1960, Ted Nelson invented computer-based hypertext for a term project while a graduate student at Harvard, and thereafter became increasingly consumed with his vision of global hypertext, which he called the Xanadu system. |
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http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/csr/nelson_pg.html
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| | Doug Engelbart's Colloquium at Stanford Session 9: Ted Nelson |
| | People looked at this and said oh Ted doesn’t know how to work computers see. | | | I believe Xerox Park is where most of the things went wrong in the computer world. | | | This was an animated implementation that I did in 1998 with Ian Hathe at the University of South Hampton. |
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http://www.bootstrap.org/colloquium/session_09/session_09_nelson.html
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| | DigiBarn Documents: Computer Lib/Dream Machines, Ted Nelson |
| | Ted has kindly granted us permission to scan and reproduce Computer Lib/Dream Machines (thanks Ted!) in a selective and serialized fashion, as certain topics come up. | | | The following pages provide a retrospecitve of this work and Ted's current projects and vision. | | | We begin this process by reproducing a farseeing section on picture processing and ASCII art from page 10 of Dream Machines. |
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http://www.digibarn.com/collections/books/computer-lib
(251 words)
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| | Cyberspace Report |
| | Ted Nelson, hypertext champion and pioneer, author of Computer Lib and Literary Machines discusses the Xanadu hypertext system and its future, the recent Wired article, and gives advice for aspiring visionaries. | | | About half of this interview was transcribed for an article in the Winter KUCI Program Guide titled Orality and Hypertext: An Interview with Ted Nelson. |
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http://www1.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/csr/cyber.html
(737 words)
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| | Ted's ComParadigm in OneLiners |
| | These are marketing terms, referring to packages set up for reasons that have nothing to do with conceptual sense or the user's good. | | | People ask me, "Ted, what's the difference between 'word processing' and 'desktop publishing'?" How the hell should I know? | | | Because people who design video games love to play video games. |
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http://xanadu.com.au/ted/TN/WRITINGS/TCOMPARADIGM/tedCompOneLiners.html
(2860 words)
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| | Laurie Spiegel re: Ted Nelson |
| | Ted then conceived and started Xanadu in order to implement a hypertext network, and first publicly demonstrated a working back-end system in Washington in April 1981 and a full system with front-end (human interface) at the Computer Culture Conference in Toronto in Nov. 1981. | | | Published in IW as a Letter the the Editor, to make known some Ted Nelson / Hypertext historical facts, versus what was printed in their Jan. 97 issue. | | | 114) that Ted Nelson "proposed hyperlinked text in 1988 at the Hacker's 4.0 Conference and was part of Xanadu when it tried to make that work." He then asks "Why is this never mentioned in Web history?" I often wonder that too. |
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http://retiary.org/ls/writings/hypertext_history.html
(223 words)
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| | Keynote - Ted Nelson - ACM Hypertext 2003, Nottingham |
| | Fifty years of computer tradition need to be unwound and undone to open the possibilities we have even ceased to suspect. | | | Keynote - Ted Nelson - ACM Hypertext 2003, Nottingham |
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http://www.ht03.org/keynote-ted.html
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| | Paul Snively backlashes against the backlashed Ted Nelson |
| | No one has the intellectual honesty to examine the materials that Nelson has made available whether it's in the form of writing, such as Computer Lib/Dream Machines, or in the form of the Xanadu Green or Gold code or the ZigZag codand explain why Nelson's specific architectural vision is wrong. | | | Ted Nelson used to be visiting professor in the Department of Information Science at Strathclyde. | | | I seem to recall thinking during his lecture that the concepts in Project Xanadu were well ahead of their time but I couldn't imagine they'd ever make it into a real implementation. |
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http://duncan.smeed.org/2709
(203 words)
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| | Ted Nelson - Fall '96 |
| | In many ways the Web accomplished what Nelson set out to create, a world wide, interconnected network of computers storing information linked through hypertext. | | | He understood early on that the structure of ideas is not sequential, that they tie together in a myriad of ways and that we need to build new technological tools that could give birth to a non-linear, interactive literature and art. | | | Still unrealized is a revolutionary system of digital publishing that would resolve many of the legal issues that continue to plague us today, and give credit and compensation to writers and artists in this new medium. |
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http://msp.sfsu.edu/Lectureseries/archive96/nelson.html
(338 words)
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| | Read/WriteWeb: September 17, 2003 Archives |
| | But by bootstrapping the current Web piece-by-piece, instead of trying to develop a grand mind-blowing concept like Xanadu, maybe that's the way to fulfil Ted Nelson's vision - even if it's not the exact system he has in mind. | | | Ted Nelson is a legend in the Web world - he invented hypertext in the 1960's and his Xanadu project was an inspiration for the World Wide Web. | | | Nelson defines two-way links as: "anyone may publish connected comments to any page". |
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http://www.readwriteweb.com/2003/09/17.html
(493 words)
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| | Ted Nelson - Wikiquote |
| | Slogan for Computer Lib/Dream Machines, his 1974 self-published cult book. | | | Theodore H. Nelson (Born 1937) coined the word "hypertext" in the sixties and envisioned a global network similar to (though arguably superior to) the Web in the seventies. |
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http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ted_Nelson
(116 words)
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| | A Gentle Introduction to Ted Nelson's ZigZag Structure |
| | There is no good way to pick just one way to represent the information since the idea "B is A's cousin" is perfectly valid, even without knowing whether it is on the mother's or father's side. | | | The purpose of this document is to introduce the reader to the ZigZag structure and some example applications of it. | | | ZigZag was invented by Ted Nelson and is currently being implemented as a prototype at the University of Jyväskylä under the direction of the author. |
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http://www.nongnu.org/gzz/gi/gi.html
(4120 words)
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