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| | Universal Turing Machine in XSLT |
 | | The Turing machine moves its tape head one symbol to the left or to the right, or does not move the tape head, depending on the value of the 'movement' attribute that is returned by the transition function. | | | The source document, which specifies a Turing machine, is an XML document that conforms to the Turing Machine Markup Language (TMML). | | | The input tape for the Turing machine is "199". |
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http://www.unidex.com/turing/utm.htm
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| | Tools for Thought by Howard Rheingold: Chapter One |
| | Turing proved that his hypothetical machine is an automated version of a formal system specified by the starting position (the pattern of Os and Xs on the tape at the beginning of the computation) and the rules (the instructions given by the instruction tables). | | | Turing's theoretical machine was both an example of his theory of computation and a proof that a certain kind of computing machine could, in fact, be constructed. | | | Turing then asks us to substitute a machine for one of the unknown players and make a new object for the game: This time, the interrogator is to guess, on the basis of the teletyped conversation, which inhabitant of the other room is a human being and which one is a machine. |
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http://www.well.com/user/hlr/texts/tft3.html
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| | Turing test - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Described by Alan Turing in the 1950 paper "Computing machinery and intelligence", it proceeds as follows: a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with two other parties, one a human and the other a machine; if the judge cannot reliably tell which is which, then the machine is said to pass the test. | | | Turing replies by stating that this is confusing laws of behaviour with general rules of conduct, and that if on a broad enough scale (such as is evident in man) machine behaviour would become increasingly difficult to predict. | | | Turing contradicts this by arguing that Lady Lovelace's assumption was affected by the context from which she wrote, and if exposed to more contemporary scientific knowledge, it would become evident that the brain's storage is quite similar to that of a computer. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_test
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| | Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - Turing machine |
| | The Turing machine has had a central role in theories of computation and computability since the mid 1930s when they were introduced as a rigorous means of defining the concept of 'method' (or algorithm) by Alan Turing. | | | Turing machine computable functions are all the computable functions there are). | | | In other words, Turing machines can compute any function that is computable, assuming that both the tape and time are infinite. |
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http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/turingmachine.html
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| | Alan Turing, the Inventor of Software |
| | The series stars with a profile of Alan Turing, "Thinking Up Computers." In case you forgot, Turing is the man who created the concept of an "universal machine" which would perform various and diverse actions when given various sets of instructions. | | | Attempting to resolve a long-standing debate over whether any one method could prove or disprove all mathematical statements, Turing invoked the notion of a "universal machine" that could be given instructions to perform a variety of tasks. | | | Turing spoke of a "machine" only abstractly, as a sequence of steps to be executed. |
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http://radio.weblogs.com/0105910/2004/05/11.html
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| | Turing's World: More Information (1) |
| | Introduced by Alan Turing in 1936, Turing machines are one of the key abstractions used in modern computability theory, the study of what computers can and cannot do. | | | A Turing machine is a particularly simple kind of computer, one whose operations are limited to reading and writing symbols on a tape, or moving along the tape to the left or right. | | | Despite their simplicity, Turing machines can be designed to compute remarkably complex functions. |
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http://www-csli.stanford.edu/hp/Turing1.html
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| | Alan Mathison Turing |
| | The Turing Machine that he envisioned is essentially the same as today's multi-purpose computers. | | | Turing's ultimate goal was to merge already established biological theory with mathematics and computers to create his intelligent, multi-purpose machine. | | | He inspired the now common terms of "The Turing Machine" and "Turing's Test." As a mathematician he applied the concept of the algorithm to digital computers. |
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http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Turing.html
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| | Alan Turing Page |
| | It introduced the idea of a universal machine, now known as a "Turing Machine", that could execute a series of operations on sequences of binary digits. | | | In 1936 Turing published one of this century's most significant mathematical papers "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidundsproblem (the problem of decidability)". | | | After the war Turing worked on the Automatic Computing Engine at the National Physical Laboratory. |
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http://www.lambda.net/~maximum/turing.html
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| | Alan Turing |
| | To answer these questions Turing extracted from the ordinary process of computation the essential parts and formulated these in terms of a theoretical machine, known as the Turing machine. | | | He expanded this idea to show that there exists a "universal" Turing machine, a machine which can calculate any number and function, given the appropriate instructions. | | | Turing became very interested in the problem of computability. |
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http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/Europe/20thCenturyAD/Turing.html
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| | Peter Suber, "Turing Machines I" |
| | Turing machines are one of the earliest and most intuitive ways to make precise the naive notion of effective computability. | | | If we want a Turing machine to compute a function and write its output, then we will want to know which string of "1's" on the tape should be read as that output. | | | Turing machines were conceived by Alan Turing (1912-1954) in his important paper, "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem," Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2d Series, 42 (1936) 230-65. |
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http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/courses/logsys/turing.htm
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| | Turing test -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Turing was a founding father of modern cognitive science and a leading early exponent of the hypothesis that the human brain is in large part a digital computing machine. | | | In 1950, the British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing declared that one day there would be a machine that could duplicate human intelligence in every way and prove it by passing a specialized test. | | | In 1950 Turing sidestepped the traditional debate concerning the definition of intelligence, introducing a practical test for computer intelligence that is now known simply as the Turing test. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9001511
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| | Alan Turing |
| | Turing's underlying argument was that the human brain must somehow be organised for intelligence, and that the organisation of the brain must be realisable as a finite discrete-state machine. | | | Turing's motivations were scientific rather than industrial or commercial, and he soon returned to the theoretical limitations of computation, this time focussing on the comparison of the power of computation and the power of the human brain. | | | Turing rapidly composed a detailed plan for a modern stored-program computer: that is, a computer in which data and instructions are stored and manipulated alike. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing
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| | Turing Test |
| | The Turing Tournament is a two sided tournament designed to find, on the one hand, the best computer programs to mimic human behavior, and on the other hand, the best computer programs to detect the difference between machine and human behavior. | | | Bleich, H. Alan Turing: The Machine, the Enigma, and the Test. | | | The authors, who consider Turing to be one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, examine problems with the Turing Test and conclude that a goal of passing the test is harmful to the field of AI research. |
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http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/turing.html
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| | Alan Turing: PopSubCulture.com's The Biography Project - Creator of the Turing Test |
| | Turing's solution involves defining the "definite method" as a mechanical process in which a machine "reads" paper tape with symbols printed on it. | | | The Universal Turing Machine : A Half-Century Survey (Computerkultur, Bd 2) - Rolf Merken (ed.) | | | Turing then becomes obsessed with the problem of how the human mind is embodied in matter; of how the mind might be preserved after the death. |
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http://www.popsubculture.com/pop/bio_project/alan_turing.html
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| | TIME 100: Alan Turing |
| | But no one recognized that Turing's machine provided a blueprint for what would eventually become the electronic digital computer. | | | But the fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine. | | | Since the instructions on the tape governed the behavior of the machine, by changing those instructions, one could induce the machine to perform the functions of all such machines. |
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http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/turing.html
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| | Turing completeness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In computability theory, an abstract machine or programming language is called Turing complete, Turing equivalent, or (computationally) universal if it has a computational power equivalent to a universal Turing machine (a simplified model of a programmable computer). | | | Turing completeness is significant in that every plausible design for a computing device so far advanced can be emulated by a universal Turing machine. | | | Previously, the first machine known to be Turing-complete was ENIAC. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_completeness
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| | Turing |
| | Although to Turing a "computer" was a person who carried out a computation, we must see in his description of a universal Turing machine what we today think of as a computer with the tape as the program. | | | Turing's design was at that point an original detailed design and prospectus for a computer in the modern sense. | | | Turing's brilliant ideas in solving codes, and developing computers to assist break them, may have saved more lives of military personnel in the course of the war than any other. |
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http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Turing.html
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| | Virtual Turing Machine |
| | He also invented a concept of a type of computer, called a "Turing Machine." Theoretically, a Turing machine is just as powerful as any other computer. | | | Conceptually, a Turing Machine has a finite set of states, a finite alphabet (that has a blank symbol), and a finite set of instructions. | | | Physically, it has a head that can read, write, and move along an infinitely long tape that is divided into cells, where each cell has a value of blank or a letter in the Turing Machine's alphabet. |
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http://www.nmia.com/~soki/turing
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| | Turing Machine |
| | A Turing machine, therefore, is more like a computer program (software) than a computer (hardware). | | | A Turing machine is an abstract representation of a computing device. | | | Computer scientists and logicians have shown that Turing machines -- given enough time and tape -- can compute any function that any conventional digital computers can compute. |
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http://www.geocities.com/s2swen/Turing_Machine.html
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| | generation5 - An In-Depth Look at Turing Machines |
| | By universal algorithm, I mean an algorithm that works for all Turing Machines, and on all numbers and instructions possible. | | | The concept of the Universal Turing Machine is a relatively simple one to grasp, with some incredibly complex implications. | | | Alan Turing developed Turing Machines as a way to prove that not everything could be achieved algorithmically. |
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http://www.generation5.org/content/2000/idturing.asp
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| | Turing Machines |
| | A function is computable if it can be computed by a Turing machine. | | | A Turing machine is a very simple machine, but, logically speaking, has all the power of any digital computer. | | | This instruction means that if the Turing machine is now in current_state, and the symbol under the read/write head is current_symbol, change its internal state to new_state, replace the symbol on the tape at its current position by new_symbol, and move the read/write head one square in the given direction ( left or right). |
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http://www.ams.org/new-in-math/cover/turing.html
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| | Turing machine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Anything a real computer can compute, a Turing machine can also compute. | | | C++ Simulator of a Nondeterministic and Deterministic Multitape Turing Machine (Free software) | | | An abstract version of the universal Turing machine is the universal function, a computable function which can be used to calculate any other computable function. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine
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| | BF is Turing-complete |
| | Turing Machine, a very simplistic computing model, which yet is powerfull enough to calculate all possible function which can be calculated. | | | A Universal Turing Machine (UTM) is a Turing machine that can simulate some Turing-complete computational model. | | | Show that there is a program in the language that emulates a Universal Turing Machine. |
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http://www.iwriteiam.nl/Ha_bf_Turing.html
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| | utm.b |
| | Daniel B Cristofani (cristofdathevanetdotcom) http://www.hevanet.com/cristofd/brainfuck/ This Turing machine achieves Turing-completeness not by simulating other Turing machines directly, but by simulating a Turing-complete class of tag-systems (a computational model invented by Emil Post and named after the children's game "tag"). | | | This runs for 518 steps of the Turing machine, exercising all 23 Turing machine instructions, before halting with the output string a[1]. | | | If the input was a terminator, this puts us at the zero after the rightmost nonzero cell, and the input is already finished; then we scan left to the gap that represents the Turing machine head, and position the pointer at the state cell. |
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http://www.hevanet.com/cristofd/brainfuck/utm.b
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| | Not Turing Equivalent |
| | Although you cannot represent the weights with infinite precision on a Turing machine, you can represent a Turing machine with an analog neural net. | | | This is a "thesis", not a theorem, because in fact we do not have firm idea of what "computable" means apart from mechanisms like Turing machines! | | | [ The "Church-Turing thesis" is that anything that is computable can be computed on a Turing machine (or mechanisms established to be of comparable power, such as Lambda Calculus or combinatorial logic). |
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http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?NotTuringEquivalent
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| | BF is Turing-complete |
| | Turing Machine, a very simplistic computing model, which yet is powerfull enough to calculate all possible function which can be calculated. | | | A Universal Turing Machine (UTM) is a Turing machine that can simulate some Turing-complete computational model. | | | For example, that each Turing Machine can be transformed into a Turing Machine with a tape that is cut-off on one side, and endless on the other side. |
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http://home.wxs.nl/~faase009/Ha_bf_Turing.html
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| | Turing machine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Turing machine is an abstract model of computer execution and storage introduced in 1936 by Alan Turing to give a mathematically precise definition of algorithm or 'mechanical procedure'. | | | Turing machines can describe algorithms at once over all machines, regardless of how much memory they have; there is a maximum to the amount of memory any machine has now, but this limit can rise arbitrarily in time. | | | Turing machines would actually only be equivalent to a real machine that is magically given an infinite amount of storage space. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine
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| | Church-Turing thesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The universe is equivalent to a Turing machine (and thus, computing non-recursive functions is physically impossible). | | | Any computer program can be translated into a Turing machine, and any Turing machine can be translated into any general-purpose programming language, so the thesis is equivalent to saying that any general-purpose programming language is sufficient to express any algorithm. | | | When hearing of Church's proposal, Turing was quickly able to show that his Turing machines in fact describe the same set of functions (Turing 1936, 263ff). |
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http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church-Turing_thesis
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